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Study Sources D and E. How different are these two sources? Explain your answer.

Sources D and E are similar in terms of how people are irresponsibly disposing their waste into the Citarum river. Source D shows a twitter post of the textile factories releasing untreated waste into the river. This illustrates that the factory owners are ignorant in the consequences of dumping industrial waste into the river and treats the Citarum river like a rubbish bin. Similarly, Source E states "Aside  from  the  factories  using  the  Citarum  as a dumping ground,  the  community uses it as an open sewer. Children squat over canals and defecate directly into the water. Any garbage is thrown in the waterway." This also shows that people living near the river treats the river like a rubbish bin and ignorantly disposes their waste without thinking twice about the consequences and problems they are building up.

Sources D and E are different in terms of the way the authorities are taking action according to the offences made by the polluters. This can be seen from Source D, a twitter post, which shows a woman dumping a pot of waste into the river and in order to stop her from further contributing to the pollution of the Citarum river, an officer is raising up his bat to punish her. This means that the people living near the riverbank often disposes their waste into the river so authorities would not go easy on the polluters, and take necessary measures in order to stop the offences made by those who ignore waste disposal rules, by making holistic approaches so as to make the Citarum river clean again. However, Source E states "Re-educating local communities on how to look after the Citarum is one of the main projects for the ADB." This on the other hand means the authorities rather re-educate the locals on the impact of proper usage of the Citarum river and keeping it clean as well as the consequences of polluting the river which can heavily affect people. Thus, the authorities would then be able to accomplish their aim in restoring the clean Citarum river once again.

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Study Sources D and E.

How different are the sources?

Sources D and E are different in terms of who is mainly responsible for polluting the Citarum River. Source D shows how textile companies are polluting the Citarum River much more than the locals are, yet only locals are being monitored by authorities. This suggests that textile factories are mainly responsible for the amount of waste dumped into the Citarum River because while authorities help to stop the community from throwing their waste into the river, most of the pollution being dumped into the river is still being thrown away there by textile factories. However, Source E states “Children squat over canals and defecate directly into the

water. Any garbage is thrown in the waterway,’ . This suggests that the community is mainly responsible for the amount of waste dumped into the Citarum River because locals do not have a proper waste disposal system so they resort to throwing their rubbish, as well as faeces, into the river instead.

Sources D and E are similar in terms of authorities wanting to ensure that locals do not pollute the Citarum River. Source D shows an officer scolding a local for throwing waste into the Citarum River instead of stopping pollution from factories. This suggests that the authorities want to ensure that locals do not pollute the Citarum River because they do not allow them to throw away their daily waste carelessly into the Citarum River and actively stop them from doing so. Similarly, Source E states “Re-educating local communities on how to look after the Citarum is one of the main projects for the ADB,”. This suggests that authorities want to ensure that locals do not pollute the Citarum River because the Asian Development Bank plans to teach the locals about the importance of keeping the river clean as well as how they can dispose of their waste properly.

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Study Source A.
What is the purpose of this statement? Explain your answer.

Seeing as the Citarum River which runs from the Northwest of Java has been the ‘World’s Dirtiest River’ since 2013, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime made this statement to persuade businesses that the Indonesian government will heavily penalize companies that pollute the Citarum River illegally, so that the businesses will not dump untreated waste into the Citarum River and dirty it further.

This is shown in Source A which states “Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn” and “other companies have been fined,”. This suggests that the Indonesian government will heavily penalize companies that pollute the Citarum River because businesses workers that do pollute the Citarum River will not be allowed to continue work or will need to pay a large sum of money as punishment.

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Study sources E and F. How different are the sources?

Both sources are different in terms of problems faced in restoring the Citarum river.It can be seen from source E that "challenges in mobilizing support from local governments to implement the plans". This suggests that the problems in restoring the Citarum river was due to issues regarding the preparation of the governments to work together in recovering the river from its polluted state.
However, it can be seen from source F that  "main reason it is hard to punish offenders".This suggests that the problems in restoring the Citarum river was due to difficulty in catching all culprits that contributed to the pollution of the Citarum river, resulting to pollution of the river to continue.

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Study source A. Why did the spokesman for Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs release this statement? Explain your answer.

Seeing that the Citarum River was being heavily polluted by factories across the river,the spokesman for Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs wanted to convince companies by the river to restore Citarum River by heeding their statement and restricting waste pollution from their companies.It can be seen from source A that "other companies have been fined." and "keep an eye out for offenders dumping waste".This suggests that the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs released this statement to warn the companies that pollute by the river to restrict waste pollution from their companies by setting consequences as an attempt to restore the river by stopping the constant pollution from companies.

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Study Sources D and E. To what extent are these sources different? Explain your answer.

Sources D and E are similar in terms of people disposing and polluting the Citarum River. Source D shows a cartoon of a woman squatting by the Citarum River, dumping foul-looking waste into the river from a pot she is holding. This shows that people living by the Citarum River are oftenly disposing waste into the river, hence polluting it. Source E states “community uses it as an open sewer…children…defecate directly into the water…any garbage is thrown in the waterway.” This shows that the people living along the Citarum River conveniently uses and treats the river as a waste disposal facility and a toilet. Therefore, heavily polluting the river. Source D and E are different in terms of the way the local authorities and international organisations plan to, and mitigate the pollution of the Citarum River. Source D shows a cartoon of a policeman holding a bat and reprimanding a woman who is dumping waste into the river. This shows that the authorities are approaching the polluters and trying to stop them from continuing to pollute the river. However, source E states “ Re-educating local communities…will work closely with the Indonesian government…rehabilitate the entire river…address issues of pollution…sanitation.” This shows that the international organisation, ADB, plans to re-educate the locals on the importance of keeping the Citarum River clean and they also plan to help clean up the river as well as stress the problems of pollution and the importance of proper sanitation.

Additionally, the post from source D wants to raise awareness about the heavily polluted Citarum river, hoping to convince the government of Indonesia to do something about the pollution of the river when the post reaches them through the internet.

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Sources D and E are similar in terms of how people are mistreating the river by throwing rubbish into it and polluting it. Source D shows a cartoon of tubes from a nearby factory dumping wastage into a river. This shows that the river is being contaminated by the surrounding people, who use it as a way to dispose their waste. Similarly, Source E states that "Children squat over canals and defecate directly into the water. Any garbage is thrown in the waterway." This shows that people living along the Citarum River misuse the river to suit their own needs for convenience. However, Sources D and E are different in terms of how the government decides to take action against pollution of Citarum River. In Source D, a woman is seen pouring waste from a jar. Seeing this, a policeman stands nearby her and criticises her for doing so. This shows that the government uses the method of directly confronting to refrain people from polluting the river. In contrast, Source E states that " ADB will work closely with Indonesian government to rehabilitate the entire river basin, addressing the issues of pollution, sanitation, and problems like deforestation and flooding." This shows that the government is planning to cooperate with ADB in order to spread awareness of reducing waste in the Citarum River and cleanse the river by extracting the waste out of it, and to talk about the consequences of pollution.

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Study Source A. Why was this statement published by the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs?
Explain your answer.
Seeing that the Citarum River was constantly being heavily polluted by the many factories along the river over the past decades, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs wanted to emphasize to the factories along Citarum river that the government would be taking actions against polluters to stop the disposal of untreated waste into the river. Hence, hoping that the number of polluters would decrease which also reduces the pollution of the Citarum river. Source A states “ Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn…not stop going after polluters…still punish them.” This shows that the Indonesian government would be taking actions such as fining and revoking the operating permits of factories that continues to dispose waste into the river to give them a stern warning upon polluting the river which is against the waste-disposal rules of Indonesia.

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seeing that large amount of industrial waste is being dumped in citarum river daily, the spokesman for the indonesian ministry of maritime affairs made this statement to warn business owners about harsher punishment for ignoring waste disposal rules, so that they would stop disposing untreated waste into citarum river and hence polluting it. This can be seen from source a which states “Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn. This would be a lesson for other companies - few other companies have been fined.”  this shows that the spokesman for the indonesian ministry of maritime affairs made this statement to warn business owners about harsher punishment for ignoring waste disposal rules because the government would create fines and end the operation of factories if they disobey the waste disposal rules

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Study Source A. Why was this statement published by the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs? Explain your answer.

Seeing that the Citarum River has been coined the 'World's Dirtiest River' since 2013 as many locals think nothing of tossing their household waste into the river, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs published this statement so as to convince the people of Indonesia to stop polluting the river as due to their wrongdoings, they would be taking harsh actions against textile factories as it is rather irresponsible of them to be dumping their untreated waste into Citarum without any second thoughts. This can be seen from the source which states " We are not playing around this time. We're going in with a holistic approach so we believe we can make Citarum clean again,just like it was 50 or 60 years ago. The local government will now take orders from the national Indonesian government. We vow to get tough on business owners who ignore waste-disposal rules." This emphasises that the polluted Citarum river is a serious matter as some 30 million people rely on the river for their daily activities such as farming, washing, clean drinking water and hydroelectric power. So in order to improve marine industry, the government would not go easy on the factories and polluters as they would be installing CCTV cameras to track down the offenders who continue to violate such law and punish them accordingly.

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study source A . why did the spokesman for the indonesian ministry of maritime affairs make this speech ? explain your answer.

seeing that it was the time where the citarum river was heavy polluted by many factories along the river , the spokesman of the indonesian ministry of maritime affairs was interested in saying that the government would be harsh actions againts those of the companies that continue to pollute the rivers with untreated water and waste being dumped in the river . In hopes of giving decreasing the number of waste dumped in the and also reducing the overall pollution in the river . Source a states ' factories that fall short could have operating permites withdrawn ; cctv cameras are to be installed near the river banks to keep an eye out for offenders dumping waste ' this shows how the government is also stepping up action and to prevent people from dumping waste in to the rivers . The government would aso be revoking permits from these such factories to serve as a stern warning to not only that particular factory but also to other irresponsible business owners too .

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Study Sources C and E. To what extent are the sources similar?

Sources C and E are similar in terms of the river being polluted. Source C states ," You will see a river of styrofoam containers, fabric, empty cans, plastic bottles
and rubbish bags instead a clean water body." This suggests how polluted the river was because it describes what the river contained.
Similarly, source E states, "Children squat over canals and defecate directly into the
water." This shows that the river was dirty because it shows how the river was being polluted, by children defecating.
However, both sources C and E are different in terms of the way the river is being used. Source C states, "There are floods during the rainy season. My
hands get itchy, and the harvest is damaged." This tells me that the the way the river is being used is for harvesting rice.
Source E states, "Aside from the factories using the Citarum as a dumping ground, the community
uses it as an open sewer." This emphasises that the river is being used by factories for dumping their waste and by the community using it as a sewer.

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How far do sources E and F agree with each other? Explain your answer.

Both sources E and F agree in terms of the support that they need in order to manage the problem in the Citarum River. THis can be seen in source E which states ' There have been challenges in mobilizing support from local government to implement the plans especially needing coordination between national and local government, the community and private sector.' This shows that there is a difficulty in managing the problem as the ADB has some trouble in getting support in other parties to manage the problem.
Similarly, in source F which states ' We only have 12 Investigators to handle all the environment-related cases of river pollution. The number is far from ideal. One investigator could only take on as many as 13 cases at any one time' This shows that there is also some difficulty in managing the problem in the Citarum River because of the lack of support to go on and solve the cases regarding on the environment pollution efficiently.

Both sources E and F do not agree in terms of the who they target on to get them to play a part of keeping the Citarum River safe. This can been seen in source E which states ' Re-educating local communities on how to look after the Citarum is on of the main projects for ADB.' This shows that they are focusing on getting the local communities to do their part on keeping the Citarum River clean from pollution.

However, in source F which states ' If they do it again, they might face harsher punishment. All these efforts do not stop the companies from polluting.' This shows that they are mainly focusing on companies and getting to stop polluting the Citarum River in order to keep it clean

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Why did the spokesman make this statement for?

Seeing that there are still people who goes around dumping their waste in the river, the spokesman made this statement for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs in February 2020 to announce to everyone about how they are stepping up to get everyone to do their part to make the Citarum river clean again. This can be seen from source A which states ' The local government will now take orders from the national Indonesia government. We vow to get tough on business owners who ignore waste-disposal rules.' This shows that they are stepping up to make sure that there is progress on making the river clean again by keeping an eye on the locals to make sure they are doing their part in order to stop polluting the river and keep the river clean.

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Study sources D and E. How similar are these sources?

Sources D and E are similar in terms of both saying that both the factories and the people living near Citarum River are polluting it. We can see this from source D which shows a picture where the factories are dumping the waste produced through the pipes and into the Citarium river. We can also see a woman dumping her own body wastes into the river as well. This proves that both the factories and the people living near Citarium River is polluting it.
Sources D and E are different in terms of having the support of the local government. Source D shows a police officer who is part of the government, scolding the woman disposing her waste into the Citarium river. This proves that they have sufficient support from the local government that they have enough manpower to use to patrol around the Citarium river to spot anyone polluting it. However, Source E states "There have been challenges in mobilizing support from local governments to
implement the plans especially needing the coordination between national and
local governments, the community and private sector." This clearly shows that they lack the help of the goverments in trying to prevent any waste being thrown into the Citarium river.

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Study Source A. Why did the Indonesian Ministry of Marinetime Affairs say this? Explain your answer

The Idonesian Ministry of Marinetime Affairs spokesperson made this statement in 2020 to inform to let the world know that this time, they would seriously do their best to make Citarium clean again and stop factories from polluting the waters. We can see this from "Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn." This shows their efforts and plans in trying to stop the pollution of Citarium.

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Study Sources E and F. In what ways are these sources similar. Explain your answer.
Answer: The two sources are similar as they both talk about how difficult it is to get people to enforce the rule. Source E states,"There have been challenges in mobilizing support from local  governments  to implement the plans especially needing the coordination between national and local governments, the community and private sector. All are working on their own." while Source F states,"We  have  only  12  investigators  to  handle  all  environment-related  cases  of  river pollution. The number is far from ideal." This proves that they both talk about how difficult it is to get people to enforce the rule because there are limited number of people that they have to enforce the rule.

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Study Source A. Why did the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs make this statement? Explain your answer.
Answer: Seeing that the Citarum River which runs from the Northwest of Java has been coined the ‘World’s Dirtiest River’ since 2013, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to warn the factories that if they pollute the river, they will be punished. This can be seen from the source which states,"Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn. This would be a lesson for other companies – few other companies have been fined." This proves that the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to warn the factories that if they pollute the river they will be punished because the government would remove their operating permits.

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Study Source D. Why do you think this twitter post was made? Explain your answer.

Seeing that the Citarum River is regarded as the most polluted river in the world and surrounded by textile factories that dump the waste and chemicals into it, this twitter post was made to inform the factories that dump waste into it that they have to stop dumping it into the river or there would be some negative outcomes. They also want to reduce the amount of pollution in the river.
Source D shows a factory dumping all their waste materials and unwanted into the river beside it, representing the Citarum river, and an officer telling a person who is dumping their waste into the river as well to stop doing so. This goes to show that this post was made because the organisation wanted to convince others that they should do their part to reduce the heavy amounts of pollution globally.

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Qn: Study Source A. Why did the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs make this statement? Explain your answer.

Ans: Seeing that large amounts of industrial waste were dumped into the river daily, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made the statement to discourage business owners from dumping their waste into the river so as to put efforts to clean the Citarum River into place. Source A states that, ' We're going in with a holistic approach so we believe we can make Citarum clean again, just like it was 50 or 60 years ago. The local government will now take orders from the national Indonesian government. We vow to get tough on business owners who ignore waste-disposal rules. ' This shows that they are discouraging business owners from dumping the waste produced into the river as there will be serious consequences for those who do not comply with the new implementations.

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Study Sources E and F. How similar are the two sources? Explain your answer.

Answer:
- Both sources E and F are similar in terms of having difficulty tackling the problem of improper disposal in Citarum River.

- Both sources E and F are similar in terms of the actions they are taking to tackle the problem of improper disposal in Citarum River.

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Study Sources E and F.
How far do they agree with each other?

Answer:
Sources E and F agree with each other in terms of the improper disposal of garbage.

Sources E and F do not agree with each other in terms of the problems faced in stopping pollution.

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Study Source A.
Why was this statement delivered?

Answer:
Seeing that it was a discussion between the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs in February 2020, the spokesman delivered this statement to persuade the other Indonesian ministers to go after polluters who are disposing their rubbish into the Citarum so that the polluters would stop contaminating the Citarum in order for it to be clean again. Source A states that, ''we will still punish them'' and ''CCTV cameras are to be installed along the river's banks to keep an eye out for offenders dumping waste.'' This suggests the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs will watch out for those polluters who contaminate the Citarum.

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Study Sources D and E. How similar are these sources?

Sources D and E are similar in terms of how people mistreat the river by polluting it. Source D shows a cartoon of tubes from a nearby factory dumping wastage into a river. This shows that the river is being contaminated by the surrounding people, who use it as a way to dispose their waste. Similarly, Source E states "Children squat over canals and defecate directly into the water. Any garbage is thrown in the waterway." This shows that people living along the Citarum River misuse the river to suit their own needs for convenience.

However, Sources D and E are different in terms of how the government decides to take action against pollution of Citarum River. In Source D, a woman is seen pouring waste from a jar. Seeing this, a policeman stands nearby her and criticises her for doing so. This shows that the government uses the method of directly confronting to refrain people from polluting the river. In contrast, Source E states" ADB will work closely with Indonesian government to rehabilitate the entire river basin, addressing the issues of pollution, sanitation, and problems like deforestation and flooding." This shows that the government is planning to cooperate with ADB in order to spread awareness of reducing waste in the Citarum River and cleanse the river by extracting the waste out of it, and to talk about the consequences of pollution.

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Study source D and E.

In what ways are both sources similar? Explain your answer.

Firstly, sources D and E are similar in terms of how the community is contributing to the pollution.

secondly, sources D and E are similar in terms of how the government is taking actions to end the pollution.

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Study source A.

Why do you think the statement was made? Explain your Answer.

Seeing that Citarum has become heavily polluted by businesses over the years, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to prove that the government is doing something to stop the actions of the businesses that are causing the pollution by warning them of the consequences as well as steps that has already been taken to track culprits, so that businesses will stop polluting the river, decreasing the pollution rate of the river. Source A states,’ Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn. This would be a lesson for other companies – few other companies have been fined.’  This shows the statement was made to prove that the government is doing something about the pollution in the river so that businesses will stop disposing their waste into the river to avoid having to face the consequences.

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Study sources A and F.
How similar are both sources?

Both sources are similar in terms of their determination in wanting to punish everyone who had polluted the Citarum river. This can be seen in source A which states "Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn, few other companies have been fined. We would not stop going after polluters even if they polluted the river years ago, we will still punish them". Similarly, source F states that "We have only 12 investigators to handle all environment-related cases of the river pollution and a lack of evidence is the main reason it is hard to punish offenders. If they do it again, they might face harsher punishment". This suggests that both sources are similar in terms of their determination in wanting to punish everyone who had polluted the Citarum river because despite facing several difficulties in trying to punish the polluters, they still want to ensure that they severely punish all polluters even if its in the past to ensure that they would not dare to pollute the river again which would help to maintain a clean river.

However, sources A and F are different in terms of the effectiveness of their efforts in punishing the polluters of the Citarum river. This can be seen in source A which states that "We vow to get tough on all business owners who ignore the waste-disposal rules. We can track down and find evidence against them". This suggests that no matter what they will ensure that the polluters are punished and do not repeat the same mistake again to ensure the river remains clean as they can find sufficient evidence which makes their effort of punishing the offenders effective. On the other hand, source F states that "A lack of evidence has also been the main reason it is hard to punish offenders. All these efforts do not stop companies from polluting". This suggests that no matter how hard they try, they are just unable to find enough evidence to punish the polluters, resulting, in their efforts to punish the offenders being ineffective and useless.

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Study Source A. What was the intention behind the statement made by the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs? Explain your answer.

Seeing how there was major dumping of wastage in the Citarum River over the past years, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to emphasise to the factories along the Citarum River that the government will be taking action against those who pollute the Citarum River so that the factories along the Citarum River will treat this as a warning to refrain from discarding waste into the river, so that the amount of pollution in the river will be reduced. This can be seen in the source which states "Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn. This would be a lesson for other companies – few other companies have been fined. We would not stop going after polluters even if they polluted [the river] years ago, we will still punish them." This shows that there will be dire consequences for those who pollute the river, because the government will not tolerate those who defy their rules.

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How similar are Source C and Source E? Explain your answer.

Source C and Source E are similar in terms of how dirty the citarum river was . Source C states that “ You will a river of styrofoam containers , fabric , empty cans , plastic bottles and rubbish bags instead of a clean water body. ’’ This shows that the river is polluted with waste disposal. Similarly, Source E also states that “ Children squat over the canals and defecate directly into the water. Any garbage is thrown in the waterway. ’’ This shows that the river was badly polluted with waste disposal from the people living near the citarum river.

Source C and E are different in terms of how the government manages the cleanliness of the citarum river. Source C states “ My rice yield is now down by two-thirds in the rainy season as textile factories dump more and more industrial waste into the river.’’ this shows that the government did not do anything to stop the factories from polluting the citarum river causing the farmer to be at risk of losing his job due to the irresponsible act of the factories. Source E states that “  Re-educating local communities on how to look after the Citarum is one of the main projects for the ADB. ADB will work closely with Indonesian government to rehabilitate the entire river

basin, addressing the issues of pollution, sanitation, and problems like

deforestation and flooding.’’ This shows that the government will be playing a part in helping to maintain the cleanliness of the citarum river.

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Study source d and e .How are the sources similar?

Both sources are similar in terms of how rubbish waste is being thrown in the river
Both sources are similar in terms of the actions taken to stop the pollution of the Citarum River.

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Study Source A. Why did the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs make this statement? Explain your answer.

Answer: Seeing that large amount of industrial waste is being dumped in Citarum River daily, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to warn business owners about harsher punishment for ignoring waste disposal rules, so that they would stop disposing untreated waste into Citarum River and hence polluting it. This can be seen from source A which states “Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn. This would be a lesson for other companies - few other companies have been fined.”  This shows that the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to warn business owners about harsher punishment for ignoring waste disposal rules because the Government would impose fines and end operation of factories if they disobey the waste disposal rules.

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study source A. Why do you think the spokesman made this statement?

Seeing that it was during the time where the Citarum River has been coined the 'World dirtiest river' the spokesman made this speech to
convince people living in Indonesia that the ministry will be doing their part in making the River cleaner so that the people living in Indonesia will also do their part and take actions to make the River cleaner as well.
This can be seen from source A which states" we are not playing around this time.. we believe we can make Citarum clean again..We vow to get tough on business owners who ignore waste-disposal rules.. We would not stop going after polluters even if they polluted the river years ago." This shows that the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime affairs is serious about this issue and by assuring the public that the government will do their part and punish those who did not obey the rules, this serves as a warning to those business to stop polluting the river.

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Study Source E.
Why did the Chief of Water Sector from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) make this comment? Explain your answer.

Seeing that factories are using the Citarum as a dumping ground and the community using it as an open sewer, Thomas Panella made this comment to teach local communities on how to take good care of the Citarum so that the Citarum can return to its former clean condition and remain clean without being polluted anymore after that. This can be seen in source E as it states that "Re-educating local communities on how to look after the Citarum is one of the main projects for the ADB". This suggests that the main aim of how to maintain the cleanliness of the Citarum for the ADB is to educate the local community in order for them to understand the importance of keeping the Citarum clean and not pollute it again after its been rehabilitated.

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Study Source A. Why did the minister publish this speech? Explain your answer.

Seeing that there was still a lot of waste in the citarum river as well as people not caring about cleanliness of the citarum river , the Ministry of Maritime affairs made this speech to warn companies or factories and people who contribute in making the river dirty to stop dumping waste into the citarum river else there would be consequences so that they can make the citarum river clean again.

Source A states that “ We are not playing around this time. We’re going in with a holistic approach so we believe we can make the Citarum clean again, just like it was 50 or 60 years ago. ’’ This shows that the government is serious about ensuring the cleanliness of the Citarum river till the extent that whoever does not comply with it , there would be consequences.

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Study sources C and E. How similar are both sources?

Both sources are similar in terms of how dirty and polluted the river is. Source c states “textile factories dump more and more industrial waste into the river; when my house gets flooded, the smell is awful, you will see a river of styrofoam containers, fabric, empty cans, plastic bottles and rubbish bags instead of a clean water body.” This shows that the water is so polluted and dirty that the smell is very unpleasant, the water is not clear as different garbage can be seen in the river. Similarly , source E states “the community uses it as an open sewer, children squat over canals and defecate directly into the water. Any garbage is thrown in the  waterway.” This suggests that the water is polluted in other ways and it is a common thing that the community does and thus it pollutes the river a lot. It also suggests that it was very polluted to the point that anything counted as garbage could be thrown into the river.

However, both sources are not similar in terms of the use of the river. Source C states ‘There are floods during the rainy season, the harvest is damaged. Pollution makes my rice hollow.” This shows how the farmer is using the river and there are negative results on his rice fields due to the polluted river water. However, source E states “ADB will work closely with the Indonesian government to rehabilitate the entire river basin, addressing the issues of pollution, sanitation, and problems like deforestation and flooding.” This tells me that it is talking about how the government can help teach and educate users of the river how to use the river properly to ensure a cleaner river.

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Study source A. Why was this speech made?

Seeing that it was said during the Indonesian Ministry of maritime affairs, the spokesman said this to convince factories and polluters of the Citarum river that the government would take the case of polluting the Citarum very seriously and would fine them so that the factories and polluters would stop polluting the river and take the cleaning of the river seriously. This can be seen from source A which states “We are not playing around this time; we would not stop going after polluters if they polluted years ago, we will still punish them.” This suggests that they wanted to warn polluters by fining and punishing them so that they would not continue polluting the river to get a clean river like 50 to 60 years ago.

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Study Sources D and E.

How are Source D and E similar? Explain your answer.

Firstly, Sources D and E are similar in terms of the activities that the community does at the Citarum River.

Second similarity between Sources D and E is the government’s action towards trying to stop the pollution at the Citarum River.

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Study Source A

Why did they published the statement by a spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime

Affairs? Explain your answer.

Seeing that it was the period where the Citarum River was the World’s Dirtiest River, they decided to publish the statement made by a spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs to convince the public that live near the Citarum River that they are going to make the river clean again. So that, the public that live near the Citarum River would take actions with the government to make the river clean, making the process faster and more effective.

This can be seen from Source A which states “We are not playing around this time…make Citarum clean again, just like it was 50 or 60 years ago…not stop going after polluters even if they polluted [the river] years ago” This shows that the government has a strong desire to make the rivers clean as are even going to the extent of finding the previous ‘culprits’ that make the river the way it is no

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Study Source A. Why did the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs make this statement? Explain your answer.

Seeing that the Citarum River has been coined the 'World's Dirtiest River' and has been heavily polluted by textile factories along the river, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs wanted to convince the textile factories along the Citarum River that the government would take serious actions against polluters so that there would be less waste being dumped in the river. Therefore, reducing the amount of pollution. Source A states that "We are not playing around this time...we would not stop going after polluters...we will still punish them." This suggests that the government would take serious actions against polluters so these textile factories would take it as a warning to not dispose their waste into the river anymore.

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Study Sources D and E. To what extent are these sources different? Explain your answer.

Ans: Source D and E are similar in terms of people disposing and polluting the Citarum River. Source D shows a cartoon of a woman squatting by a river representing the Citarum River, dumping foul-looking waste into the river from a pot she is holding. This shows that people living by the Citarum River are oftenly disposing waste into the river, hence polluting it. Source E states “community uses it as an open sewer…children…defecate directly into the water…any garbage is thrown in the waterway.” This shows that the people living along the CItarum River conveniently uses and treats the river as a waste disposal facility and a toilet. Therefore, heavily polluting the river. Source D and E are different in terms of the way the local authorities and international organisations plan to, and mitigate the pollution of the Citarum River. Source D shows a cartoon of a policeman waving a bat and reprimanding a woman who is dumping waste into the river. This shows that the authorities are approaching the polluters and trying to stop them from continuing to pollute the river. However, source E states “ Re-educating local communities…will work closely with the Indonesian government…rehabilitate the entire river…address issues of pollution…sanitation.” This shows that the international organisation, ADB, plans to re-educate the locals on the importance of keeping the Citarum River clean and they also plan to help clean up the river as well as stress the problems of pollution and the importance of proper sanitation.

Additionally, the tweeter post from source D wants to raise awareness about the heavily polluted Citarum river, hoping to convince the government of Indonesia to mitigate the pollution of that river when the post reaches them through the internet.

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Study Source A . Why did the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs make this statement? Explain your answer.

Ans: Seeing that the Citarum River was constantly being heavily polluted by the many factories along the river over the past decades, the spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs wanted to stress to the factories along Citarum river that the government would be taking actions against polluters to stop the disposal of untreated waste into the river. Hence, hoping that the number of polluters would decrease which also reduces the pollution of the Citarum river. Source A states “ Factories that fall short could have operating permits withdrawn…not stop going after polluters…still punish them.” This shows that the Indonesian government would be taking actions such as fining and revoking the operating permits of factories that continues to dispose waste into the river so as to give them a stern warning upon dirtying the river which is against the waste-disposal rules of Indonesia.

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Study Source a .
Why did spokesman for the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime

Affairs say this?

Answer:
seeing that Citarum River was being very heavily polluted by factories, Ministry of Maritime Affairs made this statement to warn textile factories along the Citarum River that consequences will be faced to polluters so that factories will be more cautious  about their waste disposal. as source a states " We would not stop  going  after  polluters  even  if  they  polluted  [the  river]  years  ago,  we  will  still

punish them. " this suggests that the governtmtn will implement serious rules and regulationsas well as penalty to factories that causes heavy pollution in the river. to all the facotires that have pollute the river before, they will hhave to face conseuquences for their actions. regardless of how long ago, this behavious is not accepted by the governtment and foactories wll be charges.

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Study Sources  b and e .

to what extent are they different? Explain your answer.

Answer:
Both sources are different in terms of target group  to stop pollution in the river. as source b shows models Wearing  gas  masks  and  designer  dresses,

catwalk against a backdrop of polluted, rubbish-strewn field. they carried poster that states "say no to chlothes wutha a toxic trail" this suggests that the main that causes pollution  are the factories that makes cthlothes and dispose them wrong,y. the making and manufacturing of chlthes by facotries are causing harm to the environments and the river espcially. waste materials are being thrown into the river and causing extra pollutions of chloths. however source e states " Re-educating local communities on

how to look after the Citarum is one of the main projects for the ADB.  " this suggests that the main target group are the commuinity. as they dispose waste wrongly into the river and throw rubbish in there execcisley.
howwever source b and e r siumilar in terms of goal . as source e states "ADB

will work closely with Indonesian government to rehabilitate the entire river basin, addressing the issues of pollution, sanitation, and problems like deforestation and flooding." this suggest that their goal is to implement for educational awareness of the pollution to the communitity so more people will be aware that their actions causes serious impacts to the river. their goal is to minimise dispoal of rubsih into the river to reduce w=river pollution. similary source b shows models holoding posters that says "Beautiful Fashion

Shouldn’t Cost The Earth" and "Say NO to  Clothes with a TOXIC Trail " this suggest that their goal is to minimise the disposal of rubbish into the river and try to convine that chlothes shall b the very last cause for pollution. their goal to is to decreases tdisposal of rubbish into the river

Source C

A  comment  by  Yusuf  Supriyadi  who  is  a  farmer.  His  padi  fields  is

located near a factory and depends on the Citarum river for irrigation

Source D:

My rice yield is now down by two-thirds in the rainy season as textile

factories  dump  more  and  more  industrial  waste  into  the  river.  But  I

have few other options. There are floods during the rainy season. My

hands get itchy, and the harvest is damaged. Pollution makes my rice

hollow. If I keep going I'll lose money, but if I don't, I'll have no other

job.

When it rains and my house gets flooded, the smell is awful.  You will

see a river of styrofoam containers, fabric, empty cans, plastic bottles

and rubbish bags instead a clean water body.

Say NO to

Clothes with a TOXIC

Trail

GREENPEACE

Beautiful Fashion

Shouldn’t Cost The

Earth. Beautiful Fashion

Shouldn’t Cost The

Earth