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Turner syndrome is a female-only, rare, genetic disorder that affects about 1 in every 2000 baby girls. Turner syndrome happens when a female is missing certain genes that are normally on the X chromosome. (Females have two X chromosomes. Males have an X and a Y). Some girls with Turner are actually missing a whole copy of the X chromosome. For others, just part of one containing the particular set of genes is missing. Different conditions such as Monosomy, Mosaicism, X chromosome abnormalities, Y chromosome material, and inheritance, can affect genes and cause people to have such disorders. Turner syndrome was first described in the United States in 1938 by Dr. Henry Turner.

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What are the symptoms and characteristics of Turner syndrome? 

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What are the symptoms and characteristics of Turner syndrome? 

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Signs of Turner syndrome can start even before birth, and they give parents some idea that their baby might be born with the condition. An ultrasound of a baby with it may show heart and kidney problems or a buildup of fluid. A DNA test using a blood sample from the mother can also screen for Turner syndrome before birth. At birth or during infancy, girls might have a number of physical features that point to the condition. Swollen hands (lymphedema in the surrounding tissues) and feet or smaller than average height at birth are among them. Almost all girls with Turner syndrome will grow up to be shorter than average, with underdeveloped ovaries.
Other features that may have developed in the womb include: thick neck tissue, swelling of the neck (cystic hygroma), smaller size, heart conditions, kidney abnormalities, teeth problems, low hairline, droopy eyelids, recurring middle ear infections, etc.

Babies with Turner syndrome may grow at a normal rate until they're 3 years old. After this, their growth slows down.
Girls with Turner syndrome are typically short in relation to the height of their parents. Additionally, girls with Turner syndrome may not begin sexual development or fully develop breasts without female hormone replacement therapy (HRT). They may not start their monthly periods naturally and it's likely they'll be needing help having a baby.

Even though many women with Turner syndrome have undeveloped ovaries and are infertile, their vagina and womb develop normally.

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Turner syndrome is related to the X chromosome, meaning that it is sex-linked. Sex-Linked disorders are caused by  genetic mutations on the X chromosome. These are also inherited in a dominant or recessive pattern. Turner syndrome results when one normal X chromosome is present in a female's cells and the other sex chromosome is missing or structurally altered. The missing genetic material affects development before and after birth. About half of individuals with Turner syndrome have monosomy X, which means each cell in the individual's body has only one copy of the X chromosome instead of the usual two sex chromosomes. Turner syndrome can also occur if one of the sex chromosomes is partially missing or rearranged rather than completely absent. Some women with Turner syndrome have a chromosomal change in only some of their cells, which is known as mosaicism. Women with Turner syndrome caused by X chromosome mosaicism are said to have mosaic Turner syndrome. Researchers have not determined which genes on the X chromosome are associated with most of the features of Turner syndrome. They have, however, identified one gene called SHOX that is important for bone development and growth. The loss of one copy of this gene likely causes short stature and skeletal abnormalities in women with Turner syndrome.

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The prognosis, or outlook, for women with Turner syndrome (TS) is usually good. Life expectancy for Turner syndrome might be slightly shorter, but by testing for and treating the conditions that come with TS, women with TS can expect to live essentially normal lives. There is no cure for Turner syndrome yet, but many of its symptoms can be treated.
Treatment for Turner syndrome depends on each child’s specific symptoms and development. A coordinated care team can provide the most comprehensive, effective care. The team will look at the whole picture and tailor a plan that works for the child. Usually, children with Turner syndrome work with their pediatricians. They also receive evaluation and monitoring from pediatric endocrinologists. These hormone specialists can provide recommendations on how to treat hormone deficiencies. Other pediatric specialists may include: Cardiologist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, Psychologist, speech pathologist, surgeon, etc. Besides care for related medical problems, Turner syndrome (TS) treatment often focuses on hormones. Treatments may include:

1. Human growth hormone: Injections of human growth hormone can increase height. If treatment starts early enough, these shots can increase the final height of people with TS by several inches.

2. Estrogen therapy: Often, people with TS need estrogen, a female hormone. This type of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can help girls develop breasts and begin menstruation. It can also help their uterus grow to a typical size. Estrogen replacement improves brain development, heart function, liver function and skeletal health, too.

3. Cyclic progestins: These hormones are often added at age 11 or 12 if blood tests note deficiency. Progestins will induce cyclic menstrual periods. Treatment is often started with very low dosages and then gradually increased to simulate normal puberty.

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No, I don't, and I wish scientists will soon find a cure for TS.

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https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/turner-syndrome/treatment/
https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-turner-syndrome
https://www.turnersyndrome.org/about-turnersyndrome
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/turner-syndrome/#causes
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15200-turner-syndrome

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There is no cure for Turner syndrome, but many of the associated symptoms, such as short stature, sexual development problems and learning difficulties, can be treated.