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https://youtu.be/knb-kFEOx2M

https://youtu.be/2ya9YGfaAU4

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28th May 1830: The Indian Removal Act signed into law by President Andrew Jackson

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The Indian Removal act was signed into action by president Andrew Jackson in 1830. President Jackson believed in a strict  following of the constitution, as well as individual states rights. Important to note, Jackson was also in support of the extension of slavery into western states, many of which were resided by Native Americans. He encouraged congress to to accept and pass removal acts like this one. The Indian Removal act was supported especially by white southerners in hope of expansion south for more land. The tribes the most greatly affected from the removal of their land were the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole peoples. Many of these tribes resisted giving up all of their territory though the creation of a new tribal government which was based off of the United States government. The Cherokees in particular, wrote a constitution and created a two house legislature. In hope for cooperation, Jackson gave the natives financial and material assistance as he kicked them off of their own land.

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https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1830-indian-removal-act/

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/indian-treaties

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Removal-Act

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Source

An Act to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi [excerpt]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives . . . That it shall and may be lawful for the President of the United States to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States, west of the river Mississippi, not included in any state or organized territory, and to which the Indian title has been extinguished, as he may judge necessary, to be divided into a suitable number of districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of Indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they now reside, and remove there . . .

And be it further enacted, That in the making of any such exchange or exchanges, it shall and may be lawful for the President solemnly to assure the tribe or nation with which the exchange is made, that the United States will forever secure and guaranty to them, and their heirs or successors, the country so exchanged with them; and if they prefer it, that the United States will cause a patent or grant to be made and executed to them for the same . . .

And be it further enacted, That upon the making of any such exchange as is contemplated by this act, it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such aid and assistance to be furnished to the emigrants as may be necessary and proper to enable them to remove to, and settle in, the country for which they may have exchanged; and also, to give them such aid and assistance as may be necessary for their support and subsistence for the first year after their removal.

And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such tribe or nation to be protected, at their new residence, against all interruption or disturbance from any other tribe or nation of Indians, or from any other person or persons whatever.

And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to have the same superintendence and care over any tribe or nation in the country to which they may remove, as contemplated by this act, that he is now authorized to have over them at their present places of residence . . .

And be it further enacted, That for the purpose of giving effect to the Provisions of this act, the sum of five hundred thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated.

Approved, May 28, 1830

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Indian Removal Act (1830) - Immigration History

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An Act to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi [excerpt] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives . . .

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http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/youngamerica/exhibits/show/homepage/indianremovalact

https://guides.loc.gov/indian-removal-act

https://historyengine.richmond.edu/episodes/view/2798

https://www.historynet.com/indian-removal-act/

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/indian-treaties

http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/youngamerica/exhibits/show/seminolewar/indianremoval

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Research Guides: Indian Removal Act: Primary Documents in American History: Introduction

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This guide contains digital materials at the Library of Congress related to the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and its after-effects, as well as links to external websites and a selected print bibliography.

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https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/may28/indian-removal-act/

https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears

https://guides.loc.gov/indian-removal-act

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During the 1830s, the U.S. was expanding rapidly, and what we know now as western expansion, was one of the main causes for the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The nation was in the middle of existential growth, which by many was key to the nation's health. Land ownership showed wealth and power to many, and as a result Americans became greedy and pushed west for more lad, pushing out any native tribes that may have been in the way. The emergence of manifest destiny also become prevalent during this time, making Americans believe that it was their duty to expand all the way west, and making them do anything in their will to make it happen, making the Indian Removal Act of 1830 a result of manifest destiny and western expansion. Though many Americans were in favor of the act, many were also opposed which lead to arguments and eventually being passed through congress after a heated debate. Simply the reason for the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was to make westward pension easier for Americans, as many believed Native's were making the goal of American's "manifest destiny" unobtainable, thus having the urge to gt rid of them. Andrew Jackson was also a main leader of why the Indian Removal Act came to be, as he was one of it's biggest advocates and dedicated much of his time to designing and implementing the treaty within southern American States.

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May 28, 1830 (date the removal act is signed into law)

Jackson is President from 1829-1837

Most famous removal trek is Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

By the mid-1820s, it was entirely clear to the government that white settlers and slave owners would not tolerate or entertain the idea of sharing Indian territory. Many of the Indians removed were living East of the Mississippi River, or in the Southeast of the US. When being removed, they were forced to go westward, towards land that was undesirable for white settlers. This, however, excluded states such as Missouri, Iowa, and Arkansas. Many of the Indian settlers came from Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and small parts of Iowa. While what the government considered Indian Territory to be a large stretch of land, the migrant Indians were stopped in Oklahoma.  Many of the different routes passed through Tennessee, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Mississippi. Small parts of Nebraska and Kansas were offered as land, but the majority of Indian Territory given by the government resided in Oklahoma, despite the unused land in what we currently call Arizona or Nevada.

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Andrew Jackson who was a general at the time led an expedition with the goal of removing all the Indians. He went in with troops  to defeat them and destroyed all their man/military power that they had. This forced the Indians to surrender more than 20 million acres of their land between tribes including the Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw  and Chicksaw. The Indian tribes realized they simply couldn't defeat these new settlers which was hard for them to accept because this is the only lifestyle they knew and the only place they ever knew as "Home". They thought if they surrendered that they might end up with a better deal, get to keep some of their land, and maybe able to keep the peace versus if they tried to fight back when they knew they couldn't. Jackson then encouraged congress to follow through with this removal act where the Indian tribes were given land west of the Mississippi River on one condition; they had to give up their land. This let the Indians live under protection of the Government even till this day. There are certain Indian reservations where people aren't allowed to build or colonize.

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What happened was many different tribes of Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land throughout states like Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama etc. They have occupied and cultivated this land for years. When white settlers started to come over to the U.S. they felt threatened by these tribes so they petitioned for the government to remove the Indians from their homelands.  At the time Thomas Jefferson was our president and he suggested they should exchange their lands and the Indians should start moving West; Although he did not follow through with this decision. Many white settlers were coming over to the U.S. mostly European and they believed and decided that if they wanted the land they were going to take the land. They were forced to walk from the southeast all the way to the west where many of them died because of the conditions and resources they had;  that is how the "Trail Of Tears" came to be.