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The Sandinistas were a liberation group focused on breaking the dictatorship of the Somoza family. This family had a dictatorship held for about 4 decades. This group was formed mainly because of the worry the the Somoza family were trying to take the human rights from people.Eventually in 1979 the Sandinistas ended the 46 year rule of the Somoza family by overthrowing Anastio Somoza  who was the head of the family at the time. During their rise to power the Sandinistas promised reforms on many of the human rights laws imposed by the corrupt Somoza. Before the reign
was finished, the Nicaraguan Civil War of 1926–1927, or the Constitutionalist War, broke out after a coup d'état by Emiliano Chamorro, a member of the Conservative Party, removed Nicaragua's democratically elected government, resulting in a rebellion by members of the Liberal Party. This helped play a role in the start of the revolution. Even the start of the organization FSLN who's goal were to help with human rights and take down the Somoza dynasty helped play a role in this revolution. Even the Earth quake of Managua help the creation of the revolution because of the debt the dynasty was put in after the quake.

Danny

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The Nicaraguan Civil War broke out in 1926 and ended in 1927.  It was also named as the Constitutionalist War.  This war broke out after a coup d' etat by Emiliano Chamorro a member of the conservative party removed Nicaragua's democratically elected government. This action resulted in a rebellion formed by members  of the Liberal Party.  The war finally ended after a military and diplomatic intervention by the United States resulted in the Pact of Espino Negro, which began the Peace of Tipitapa.

Griffin
DBpedia, "Nicaraguan Civil War (1926-1927)," DBpedia, accessed February 14, 2022, https://dbpedia.org/page/Nicaraguan_Civil_War_(1926–1927).

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Nicaragua has had many different military dictatorships including the longest one which was the hereditary dictatorship of the Somoza family. The family came to power as part of the U.S. engineered pact of 1927 that stipulated the formation of the Guardia Nacional to replace the marines who had long reigned in the country. Somoza started to eliminate officers in the national guard who could or may in the future stand in his way. Later in 1937 Sacasa became president in a rigged election. Years later on September 21, 1956 Somoza was assassinated Rigoberto López Pérez a 27 year old Liberal
poet. Somoza oldest son Luis Somoza Debayle was then appointed as president. He was remembered as a being a moderate, but he was only in power for a few years, and then died to a heart attack.

Griffin
Thomas Kenning, "The Basic History of Nicaragua," Open Social Studies, last modified 2016, accessed February 14, 2022, https://openendedsocialstudies.org/2016/06/24/a-basic-history-of-nicaragua/.

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"The FSLN was founded in 1961 by Carlos Fonseca, Silvio Mayorga, and Tomás Borge, three socialists inspired by the success of the Cuban Revolution. The FSLN was named after Augusto César Sandino, who fought against U.S. imperialism in Nicaragua in the 1920s. He was assassinated in 1934 after ousting the American troops in 1933. The goals of the FSLN were to continue Sandino's fight for national sovereignty, specifically to end U.S. imperialism, and to achieve a socialist revolution that would end the exploitation of Nicaraguan workers and peasants."

Danny

Bodenheimer, Rebecca. "The Nicaraguan Revolution: History and Impact." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/nicaraguan-revolution-4777782 (accessed February 14, 2022)

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In 1972 there was a huge earthquake in Managua. This devastating natural disaster killed almost 18,000 people, injured almost 40,000 people and, left close to 200,000 people and families left homeless. This hug earthquake led to the financial problem in Nicaragua which might have been one of the issues that led to the Sandinista Revolution.

Griffin

New York Times, "THOUSANDS DEAD AS QUAKES STRIKE NICARAGUAN CITY," New York Times, accessed February 14, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/24/archives/thousands-dead-as-quakes-strike-nicaraguan-city-capital-battered.html.

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This photo shows the Managua earthquake of 1972. This is very important to the Nicaragua history because this earthquake put the Somoza family in debt which led the FSLN rise to power and finally being able to take over the dynasty and start their own dynasty with more human rights for all people.

Danny

Rico, "Nicaragua's Earthquakes," Today Nicaragua, last modified January 16, 2018, accessed February 14, 2022, https://todaynicaragua.com/nicaraguas-earthquakes/.

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After years of different attacks from the FSLN the group finally staged thereon of their most important attacks. On August 25 "Sandinistas disguised as National Guardsmen assaulted the National Palace and took the entire Nicaraguan Congress hostage. They demanded money and the release of all FSLN prisoners, to which the regime agreed. The Sandinistas called for a national uprising on September 9, and began to launch coordinated attacks on the cities."

Griffin

Bodenheimer, Rebecca. "The Nicaraguan Revolution: History and Impact." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/nicaraguan-revolution-4777782 (accessed February 14, 2022)

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On July 17, 1979 Somoza left for the U.S. The Nicaraguan Congress elected a Somoza ally, Francisco Urcuyo, but when he announced his intention to stay in office until the end of Somoza's term (1981) and to obstruct cease-fire operations, he was forced out the next day.  The national guard collapsed and many people fled too many different regions. The Sandinistas entered Managua victorious on July 19 and created provisional government immediately. This revolution was responsible for almost 50,000 deaths.

Griffin

Bodenheimer, Rebecca. "The Nicaraguan Revolution: History and Impact." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/nicaraguan-revolution-4777782 (accessed February 14, 2022)

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This mural was painted in support of the Sandinistas at the time. Early murals like this were all painted in panama. Panama was a huge supporter of the Sandinista. The mural was made to show that the people of this area are behind the Sandinistas because people wanted all their human rights back because the Somoza were trying to take them away. People believed that the Sandinistas and the FSLN could help them get their human rights back. After this first mural was made many other murals were created to show support for the Sandinistas and FSLN.

Danny
. ESPIONART, "Nicaragua's Revolutionary Murals," ESPIONART, last modified July 24, 2018, accessed February 15, 2022, https://espionart.com/2018/07/24/nicaraguas-revolutionary-murals/.

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Sandinista(FSLN) Mural (artifact)                                              2

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Sandinista(FSLN) Mural (artifact)                                              2

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. ESPIONART, "Nicaragua's Revolutionary Murals," ESPIONART, last modified July 24, 2018, accessed February 15, 2022, https://espionart.com/2018/07/24/nicaraguas-revolutionary-murals/.

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In 1986 a short-lived victory for the Nicaraguan policy of the Reagan administration, the President signs into law an act of Congress approving $100 million of military and “humanitarian” aid for the Contras.  Ronald Reagan and his advisors this new act got in the way of them trying to over throw the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua. To help with this problem Reagan started a secret war against Nicaragua to help bring down the Nicaraguan government. The group named the contras an armed force of Nicaraguan exiles intent on removing the leftist Nicaraguan regime was funded very well to help with training and other resources. Through the C.I.A. involvement the contra movement began to become public, however disturbing reports came out about them to including violence and violations of human rights. They were considered worse than murderers and drug dealers. Finally, congress steadily reduced U.S. assistance to the contras, and in 1984 passed the second second Boland Amendment prohibiting U.S. agencies from giving any aid to the group.

Griffin

History.com editors, ed., "U.S. aid to Contras signed into law," History, last modified November 13, 2009, accessed February 14, 2022, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-aid-to-contras-signed-into-law.

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This is a picture of the contra group. They were considered to be worse than murderers and drug dealers. They were reported many times to attack civilians without any motives. They were also reported to kidnapp people and force them to join the group. They were even reported to kidnap people and place them as a prisoner and would torture, rape, abuse in other words human right violations.

Griffin

Weebly, "Contras: Human Rights Violations," Weebly, accessed February 15, 2022, https://thecontrawar.weebly.com/events.html.

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This is a picture of the contras cocaine connection. It also represents how the contra group was trying to take away human rights.

Wilder Utopia, "Kill the Messenger: Gary Webb and the Contra-Cocaine Connection," Wilder Utopia, accessed February 14, 2022, https://wilderutopia.com/politics/kill-the-messenger-gary-webb-and-the-contra-cocaine-connection/.

Danny

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In 1989 Daniel Ortega the president of the Nicaragua met with the presidents of El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala to assemble a peace plan for the nation. Some compromises with the other countries including for promises from the other nations to close down Contra bases within their borders, Ortega agreed to free elections within a year. These were held on February 26, 1990. Ortega and the Sandinistas suffered a stunning defeat when Violeta Barrios de Chamorro  widow of a newspaper editor assassinated during the Somoza years, polled over 55 percent of the presidential vote.

Griffin
History.com editors, ed., "Sandinistas are defeated in Nicaraguan elections," History, last modified November 13, 2009, accessed February 15, 2022, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sandinistas-are-defeated-in-nicaraguan-elections.

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The revolution did live up to its ideals. Watson institution of Brown University states, "The Sandinistas promised land reform, universal literacy and health care, expanded rights for women and minority groups, and a government that would respond to basic needs in their impoverished country., which is to treat all men the same and let each human no matter their race, gender, or religion all have the same declared human values." This revolution lived up to them because the Sandinistians took power from the Somoza's who were trying to take power from all people because they were worried that people would get in their way.

Griffin

Brown University, "NICARAGUA: THE 40-YEAR REVOLUTION," Watson Institue, accessed February 14, 2022, https://watson.brown.edu/nicaragua.