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1. 1803, Supreme Court announced for the first time the principle that a court may declare an act of Congress void if it is inconsistent with the constitution.
2. It's long run effect had been to increase the court's power by establishing the rule that 'it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is'.

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1. Declared the Old World and New World had different systems and must remain distinct spheres.
2. The doctrine was an outgrowth of concern in both in Britain and the U.S. that the continental powers would attempt to restore Spain's former colonies in Latin America many of which had become newly independent nation.

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1. Acquired by treaty from Spain, provoked by Indian skirmishes and migration of American settlers to acre.
2. Gives Mississippi and Alabama outlet to the Gulf of Mexico.

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1. British attempts restrict U.S. trade, Royal Navy;s impressment of American seamen and America's desire to expand territory.
2. U.S. suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American troops over the course of the War.

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1. When the treaty of Ghent was signed, word didn't reach the British to stop them from attacking.
2. Jackson's overwhelming victory elevated national pride, which had suffered a number of setbacks during War of 1812.

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1. " More truce than treaty"- stalemate all lands returned.
2. America claims Oregon territory in the far Northwest.

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1. Lewis kept a detailed journal and collected samples of plants and animals he encountered.
2. They met Sacajawea and Touissant Charbonneau and they acted as interpreters for the expedition.

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1.1st peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the U.S.
2. The election highlighted the ongoing battle between Democratic- Republican supporters of the French, who were embroiled in their own in their on bloody revolution, and the Pro-British Federalists who wanted to implement English Style policies in American government.

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1. Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains $15 million (3 cents an acre).
2. Jefferson believed this has his greatest achievement as President.

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1. It was a protest against the Federalist Alien and Sedition Act by Virginia and Kentucky legislature.
2. Virginia legislature affirmed state authority to determine the validity of federal legislature and declared acts unconstitutional. Kentucky resolutions declared Alien and Sedition Acts to be "void and of no force."

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1. Charles de Talleyrand, sent 3 agents to inform U.S. commissioners that in order to see him they have to pay a bribe and give them a loan.
2. American ships were sent to attack French vessels, which launched an undeclared naval war that was referred to as the Quasi-War.

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1. It can imprison people who criticize the government.
2. 1st amendment issued by Adams.

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1. Signed bill authorizing Congress to place tax in distilled spirits.
2. Invoked the Militia Act of 1792, summoning local militias from several  states to put down rebellion.

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1. He nominated John Jay as 1st Chief of Justice of Supreme Court.

2. Signed a bill establishing 1st National Bank and set up his own Presidential Cabinet.

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1. Organized the Federal Judiciary (Courts) and established 13 Federal District Courts.
2. U.S. Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land and Judicial Review.

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Years in Office: 1817- 1825
Political Party: Democratic- Republican
Date of Birth: April 28, 1758
Date of Death: July 4, 1831

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Years in Office: 1809- 1817
Political Party: Democratic- Republican
Date of Birth: March 14, 1751
Date of Death: June 28, 1836

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Years in Office: 1801- 1809
Political Party: Democratic- Republican
Date of Birth:  April 13, 1743
Date of Death: July 4, 1826

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Years in Office: 1797- 1801
Political Party: Federalist
Date of Birth: Oct. 30, 1735
Date of Death: July 4, 1826

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Years in Office: 1789-1797
Political Party: None
Date of Birth: Feb. 22, 1732
Date of Death: Dec. 14. 1799