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•The government is the centre of the executive power. It is headed by the Prime Minister who is normally the leader of the majority party and is appointed by the Queen. The other ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister and appointed by the Queen.
•The current British Prime Minister is Theresa May, she is one of the leading members of the Conservative Party.
•The Cabinet is the committee of leading ministers that makes policy decisions. It is made up of the Prime Minister and normally 20 ministers called Secretaries of State who are in charge of government departments such as the Treasury, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Home Office.

•The Cabinet meets on a regular basis, usually weekly, in a large room at 10 Downing Street. This is the official house of the Prime Minister.

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The British Monarchy is a constitutional monarchy: the Sovereign is the Head of State but laws are made by Parliament, the centre of executive power is the Government and judicial power is exercised by the Law Courts. This explains the statement that “the Queen reigns but does not rule”.
•The present sovereign of the UK is Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen enjoys the loyalty of the majority of British people who considers the monarchy a symbol of national unity. She doesn’t rule but performs some important functions, she:

•- summons and dissolves the Parliament;

•- appoints the Prime Minister and, on his/her advice the other government ministers;

•- gives Royal Assent by signing the laws passed by the Parliament;

•- is head of the Commonwealth;

•- is the temporal head of the Church of England.

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•The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy, even if its constitution is not contained in a single written document.
•The UK is also a parliamentary democracy as political power lies chiefly with Parliament, and the Prime Minister is the Head of the Government, while the king or queen is the Head of state, but has got little power, though still performs some important functions.

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•The Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the UK and is situated in the Palace of Westminster.

•The British Parliament consists of The House of Lords and The House of Commons.

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•The main organs of government are distinct from one another:

•The sovereign is the head of State;

•The legislature is the supreme legislative authority and consists of the Queen in Parliament (House of Commons and House of Lords);

•The executive consists of the Prime Minister and the government ministers;

•The judiciary is concerned with the administration of justice and is fully independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.

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Its main legislative function is to act as a chamber of revision, in fact it debates, revises and amends legislation.
•There is no fixed limit to the overall number of members who are not elected by people. There are different types of Lords: the Lords Temporal, who include hereditary and life peers (appointed by the Queen), and the Lords Spiritual, who include the Archibishopsof Canterbury and York and Senior Bishopsof the Church of England.

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•It is the centre of legislative power in Britain: it proposes and passes new laws.
•It is made up of 650 members or MPs elected by people who are over 18 years of age, every five years.

•Each MP usually belongs to a political party (Conservatives, Labour and Liberal Democrats) and represents one of the parliamentary electoral districts (constituencies) into which the UK is divided.

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•The three major parties in Britain are:

•The Conservative Party which is a centre-right party; they stand for private enterprise free from state control. Margareth Thatcher was one of the most important leaders of this party ad Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990.

•The Labour Party which is a centre-left party ; it emerged as the political expression of the working classes and over the years it has moved from very strict socialist ideas to a more social democratic view which agrees on freer trade policies.

•The Liberal Democrats who are considered to be the centre party in British politics.They try to balance the fundamental values of liberty, equality and community.

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What is the House of Lords?

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What is the House of Commons?

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The UK's Many Political Parties Explained