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Homozygous - Ex) rr , RR
Heterozygous - Ex) Rr

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autosomes = chromosome #1-22
sex chromosome = #23

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genetics decide what your baby looks like

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Blood type is controlled by 3 alleles
Skin type is controlled by 3 genes or 6 alleles

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capital letter is dominate
lower case is recessive

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Hemophilia and colour blindness are examples of sex linked traits in humans. Co-dominance is when a single gene has more than one dominant allele. Both alleles of a gene pair are dominant and fully expressed. The ABO blood group system is an example of co-dominance.

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No.23 chromosome = sex chromosomes

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XH Y colour blindness

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Difference between Phenotypes and Genotypes

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Another name for the sex-linked traits is sex chromosomes

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homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive

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punnet square
humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
upper case letter= dominant(AA)
lower case letter=recessive(aa)

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The molecular basis for genes is DNA that is formed by nucleotides (A,C,G,T)

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Dominant and Recessive traits. genetics decide what you look like

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recessive and dominant traits
(colourblind dominant)
Xh Xh (not colour blind)
XH Xh (not colour blind)
XH XH (colour blind)
XH Y (colour blind)
Xh Y (not colour blind)

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Homozygous- same alleles
heterozygous- different alleles
Genome- holds information in dna
Epigenome- can change information in dna
Methyl groups- attach to dna to turn on or off genes
Sex chromosome- 23rd pair (X or Y)
Histones- attach to dna and choose how much of a gene is developed
Types of genetic mutations- substitution, addition, deletion
Codens- groups of 3 in a sequence of dna (bases are A,T,G,C) a goes with t, g goes with c
Chromosomes- x-shaped coiled up dna

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Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

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capital letters is dominate (AA, Aa) lower case is recessive (aa)

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punnet grid AA aa
(homozygous  parents)=
AA x aa= Aa, 100% heterozygous

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codominance
example: AB blood

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Genetic disorders and carriers of diseases, Punnet grids Aa aa= Aa, aa, Aa, aa

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punnet grid Aa Aa (heterozygous parents) = AA, aa, Aa, Aa