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One of the earliest reports of solar eclipse from Assyria (763-762)

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One of the earliest reports of solar eclipse from Assyria (763-762)

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mutakalliumun: 3 theories of matter
- bodies are the only constituents
- extended accidents are the only constituents of the world
- accidents and bodies constitute the world, bodies are constituted from atoms

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China - Kong Yingda (574-648) rainbows created by sun on water drops

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China - Kong Yingda (574-648) rainbows created by sun on water drops

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Astrological instruments are used in India (500 BC)

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Astrological instruments are used in India (500 BC)

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Chen Zhuo collected catalogues of stars and summarized it.

Hengxing (fixed stars)
Jingxing (warp stars)
Xingxing (movable stars and planets)
Weixing (web stars)

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Best known solar obscuration in Babylonian records 

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Best known solar obscuration in Babylonian records 

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April 15 136 BC

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Astrolabe introduced in India from Islamic world (1360s)

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Astrolabe introduced in India from Islamic world (1360s)

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Armillary Sphere used in Islamic world in the eighth century

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Armillary Sphere used in Islamic world in the eighth century

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Astrolabes used in Islamic world in tenth century 

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Astrolabes used in Islamic world in tenth century 

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Basrian Mutazazili Abu al-Husayn al-Barsi embraced falsala physical theory and abandoned atomism

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Sina Qian describes 91 constellations and 500 stars.

The constellations were usually several stars connected together with imaginary lines. Some constellations are only one star. Stars are called inner or outer according to their location North or South of the Equator.

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Sundials used to coordinate prayers in Islamic world (718)

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Sundials used to coordinate prayers in Islamic world (718)

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Evidence of equinoxes and solstices on sundial in 1000

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1054 Supernova documented in China, Japan, and Korea, could also be depicted in a Native American cave painting

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1054 Supernova documented in China, Japan, and Korea, could also be depicted in a Native American cave painting

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European Astronomy begins to influence China.

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India - started recording precipitation in the 4th century

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India - started recording precipitation in the 4th century

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Astronomers for the caliph al-Ma'mun record 24 stars.

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Anti-atomism
Ibrahim ibu Sayyar al-Nazzam
motion was a sole accident

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Chinese star catalog recording events such as sunspots, comets, and supernova in fourth century BC

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Chinese star catalog recording events such as sunspots, comets, and supernova in fourth century BC

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Italian explorer noted that North American Indians used the moon's location in the Pleiades constellation to know when to plant crops (1524)

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Italian explorer noted that North American Indians used the moon's location in the Pleiades constellation to know when to plant crops (1524)

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Persian Astronomer Abu'l-Husayn al Sufi records constellations and longitude and latitude.

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800s - in Baghdad, the House of Wisdom started transferring Greek works into Arabic 

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800s - in Baghdad, the House of Wisdom started transferring Greek works into Arabic 

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2000- 3000 BC- Chinese star clerks make astronomical observations (this is debated to as far back as 16,000 BC or as recent as 600 BC)

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2000- 3000 BC- Chinese star clerks make astronomical observations (this is debated to as far back as 16,000 BC or as recent as 600 BC)

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Lunar eclipse account

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Lushi Chun Qui Book mentioned lodestone attracts metal

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481- 221 BC- Chinese star catalogs depict eclipses, comets, novae, sunspots, and aurora borealis

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481- 221 BC- Chinese star catalogs depict eclipses, comets, novae, sunspots, and aurora borealis

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Abu Bakr al-Furaki- the atom is the smallest of what is small with respect to volume

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Two silk scrolls discovered in Mawangdui tombs in China (246- 177 BC) contain accurate records of Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus suggesting use of an armillary sphere for measurement 

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Two silk scrolls discovered in Mawangdui tombs in China (246- 177 BC) contain accurate records of Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus suggesting use of an armillary sphere for measurement 

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hollow sighting tubes without lenses are used to observe the starts by Aristotle

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Guo Pu comments on Pu with the role "qi" invisible interconnected and their measures are are silently met..a mutual influence between the two. "qi" is just the "energy"

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78- 139 Seismograph used to measure earthquakes in China

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78- 139 Seismograph used to measure earthquakes in China

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medicinal/psychoactive (peyote buttons) plant use

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Lenses are mentioned by playwright Aristophanes and mirrors were investigated by Heron of Alexandria (ca. 60 AD)

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1279 - Aboulfarag (Arab) - the Milky Way is related to stars and constellations

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1279 - Aboulfarag (Arab) - the Milky Way is related to stars and constellations

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Worked to develop more accurate calendar. Also calculated proper motion of stars more than 1000 years before Edmond Halley

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Toltecs-(Mayan) medicinal calandars

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The invention and military use of rockets were perfected in China on the basis of fireworks technology

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Invention of spectacles by an Italian glassmaker, but Alexandro della Spina and Salvino d'Armati are credited.

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John Harshberger coins term ethnobotany

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Constructed most accurate calendar in the traditional Chinese astronomer era

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First refracting telescope

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Rocket Technology Begins: The appearance of rockets signified a revolution in the development of firearms. Sent by low-nitrate gunpowder in 968.

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Han dynasty

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First unambiguous account of the European telescope

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Song dynasty China develops Horticultural science

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telescope used for military operations

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The word telescope was coined

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Tao developed plant classification
Chinese

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Johannes Kepler designed the improved Keplerian telescope of two biconvex lenses.

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After rocket technology was perfected in China, it was spread to other parts of the world. First Arabian world, then to Europe.

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Reflecting telescope invented

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Juan Diez Freyle's treatise dealing with the arithmetic of the Aztecs. It was forgotten along with all other pre-Columbian arithmetic.

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Mathematical laws for reflecting and refracting lenses.

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Afghani named Abu Rayhan al-Biruni wrote about fossils, geology and the circumference of the Earth - 1000 AD

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Afghani named Abu Rayhan al-Biruni wrote about fossils, geology and the circumference of the Earth - 1000 AD

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Japanese arrived in Equador.

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Japanese arrived in

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Japanese arrived in

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Japanese arrived in

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Sighting tubes used in Raqqa observatory

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Trade opened up between China and South America

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Chinese developed philosophy of science

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Used for surveying the land

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China artificial light source in optics, sundials and reflectors

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Sheep, pigs, goats, wheat, and barley domesticated

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Military inventions: gunpowder (used in rockets by about 1100 AD, in guns before 1288)

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Dog was domesticated

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Cattle, chickens domesticated

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pigeon, camels, llama, alpaca, horse, water buffalo, camel, cat, silkworm domesticated.

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Paper Manufacturing Introduced

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magnetic compass and lateen sail made Chine effective ocean travelers.

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African culture and knowledge transmitted to new world.

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Iron masters pioneered blast furnaces capable of melting metal

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China era of isolation ended and cultural exchange began

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compass, gun powder, and printing press from China began use in European Renaissance

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Mesopotamia roughly marked out constellations

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William Whewell first used the word "scientist"

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Han rule military campaigns and diplomatic activity spread China concepts throughout Asia.

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Greece used ecliptic coordinates

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Ship from Rome reached China

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imported potter and textiles show link between Iran and China

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Agricultural revolution in China

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New type of ship during Song empire allowed China to take over shipping in East Asia.

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Chinese shipping fleet at peak of power.

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Roman Catholic Church discover China as a potential group of converts.

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Europe lost contact with Far East due to Black Death

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Official exploration voyages from China - Ming rulers prohibited private dealings with foreigners to avoid competition.

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Cairo emerged as a shipping and trade power.