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Overview of the semester. Meiosis and mitosis. Mendel as the father of genetics. Plant genetic material, DNA, RNA.

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1 Genetics introduction, heritage, Mendel 25.02.2026

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DNA replicaton. Chromosome, chromatin, Genome. Mutations at DNA, chromosome and genome level. Polyploids.

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2 DNA replication, genome, mutation 4.03.2026

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RNA, transcription, gene expression regulation. From RNA to protein.

Textbook: Grotewold, Chapter 11

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Small RNA molecules

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK-OGB1_ELE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzlGU5EI9rU

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Epigenetics; Gene and environment: abiotic and biotic factors.

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Gene technology and GM plants

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Precision breeding

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Exam?

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Grading: Seminar presentation (25%) and exam (75%)

OR we will do a small test in the beginning of every lecture (3-4 questions). The final grade (accounting for 75% of the course grade) will be based on the grades of tests.

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Seminar: choose one plant that has its genome sequenced (https://genomevolution.org/wiki/index.php/Sequenced_plant_genomes) or find research paper on mutation in crop that is linked to yield/quality and make max 10 min presentation: characterization of the plant, characterization of its genome (size, chromosome number, how many genes, how many repeats, comparison with the other plants). Find one scientific paper about one gene or gene expression regulation or small RNA from this plant and introduce it (what function, size, structure etc). Include one figure and explain it.

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Erich Grotewold, Joseph Chappell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg

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Grotewold, Chappell, Kellogg -Plant Genes, Genomes and Genetics

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