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ADJECTIVES ENDING IN ED OR ING
2 F CLASS

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-ed and -ing adjectives

Adjectives that end '-ed' (e.g. ' bored', ' interested') and adjectives that end '-ing' (e.g. ' boring', ' interesting ') are often confused.
-ed adjectives
Adjectives that end '-ed' describe emotions - they tell us how people feel about something.

I was very bored in the maths lesson. I almost fell asleep.

He was surprised to see Helen. She'd told him she was going to Australia.

Feeling tired and depressed, he went to bed.

-ing adjectives
Adjectives that end '-ing' describe the thing that causes the emotion - a boring lesson makes you feel bored.

Have you seen that film? It's absolutely terrifying.

I could listen to him for hours. He's one of the most interesting people I've ever met.

I can't eat this! It's disgusting! What is it?

Remember that people can be boring but only if they make other people feel bored.

He talks about the weather for hours. He's so boring.

NOT I was very boring at the party so I went home.

Here are some more adjectives that can have both an '-ed' and an '-ing' form

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ed and -ing adjectives Adjectives that end '-ed' (e.g. ' bored', ' interested') and adjectives that end '-ing' (e.g. ' boring', ' interesting ') are often confused. -ed adjectives Adjectives that end '-ed' describe emotions - they tell us how people feel about something. I was very bored in the maths lesson.

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2 F CLASS

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Sophie is working in Rome this week. Oliver, Alfie and Daisy have decided to eat out tonight.

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Learn when you should use Simple Present Tense vs. Present Continuous Tense.

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Prefixes and suffixes can help you understand a word. They give you important information about the word.

Some prefixes give adjectives the opposite meaning:

Other prefixes make a word negative:

Suffixes can tell you what type of word it is, e.g. nouns often end in - ment (enjoyment), - ness (happiness) or - ion (education). Here are some common suffixes for nouns.
-ment - management / arrangement
-ism - racism / communism
-ness - happiness / sadness
-ship - friendship / relationship
-er/-or - director / teacher
-tion - communication / education
Common suffixes for verbs:

Common suffixes for adjectives:

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Prefixes and suffixes can help you understand a word. They give you important information about the word. Some prefixes give adjectives the opposite meaning: Other prefixes make a word negative: Suffixes can tell you what type of word it is, e.g. nouns often end in - ment (enjoyment), - ness (happiness) or - ion (education).

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Look at these examples to see how the past continuous and past simple are used.

When I woke up this morning, it was snowing.
I was sleeping when you called me.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1

Past continuous and past simple: Grammar test 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

The past continuous and the past simple help us to show how two past actions or situations are connected.

Past simple

The past simple shows us that an action was in the past, not in the present. Regular past simple verbs have - ed at the end (e.g. called, played, arrived). Irregular verbs have a different form, usually with a different vowel sound (e.g. wake → woke, break → broke, feel → felt).

My parents called me yesterday.
I woke up early this morning.
Sam played basketball when he was at university.

We make the negative with didn't and the infinitive verb.

My parents didn't call me yesterday.
I didn't wake up early this morning.

We make the question form with did and then the subject and infinitive verb.

Did you wake up early this morning?
Did Sam play basketball when he was at university?

Past continuous

The past continuous shows us that the action was already in progress at a certain time in the past.

What were you doing at 8 p.m. last night? I was studying.

This means that I started studying before 8 p.m. and I continued after 8 p.m.

The past continuous can also show that an activity was in progress for some time, not just for a moment.

We were cleaning the house all morning.

We make the past continuous with was or were and the - ing form of the verb.

She couldn't come to the party. She was working.
Three years ago, we were living in my home town.
I tried to give him some advice, but he wasn't listening.
What were you doing this time last year?

Past continuous and past simple

When we use these two tenses together, it shows us that the past simple action happened in the middle of the past continuous action, while it was in progress.

While I was studying, I suddenly felt sleepy.

We often use these tenses to show an action interrupting another action.

I broke my leg when I was skiing.
As I was going to work, I saw an old friend.
We were watching television when the power went off.

Can you see a difference in the meaning of these two sentences?

When the guests arrived, Jane was cooking dinner.
When the guests arrived, Jane cooked dinner.

In the first one, Jane started cooking dinner before the guests arrived. We know that because it uses the past continuous. In the second sentence, the guests arrived first and then Jane started cooking.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2

Past continuous and past simple: Grammar test 2

Language level

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Look at these examples to see how the past continuous and past simple are used. When I woke up this morning, it was snowing. I was sleeping when you called me. Try this exercise to test your grammar. Grammar test 1 Past continuous and past simple: Grammar test 1 Read the explanation to learn more.