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Relate the structure of the testis to the function

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Relate the structure of the testis to the function

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The testis are oval-shaped organs that are located in the scrotum, just behind the penis. The testis are the primary reproductive organs that produce sperm and hormones (testosterone). They are located on the outside of the body to enable temperature control. Vas deferens have a large surface area to allow more sperm to be transported to the urethra

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1 .ovulation is where an egg is released from an ovary.
2 .copulation is mating.
3. fertilization is where sperm meets egg.
4. implantation is where the egg is implanted into the uterus wall.
5. gestation is pregnancy.
6. parturition is giving birth

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the trachea take air to the bronchioles that transports the air to the lungs. when air is inhale the lungs will inflate, when air is exhaled the lungs will deflate.

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the trachea take air to the bronchioles that transports the air to the lungs. when air is inhale the lungs will inflate, when air is exhaled the lungs will deflate.

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FHS - Follicle stimulating hormone - Causes an egg to mature in the ovaries
Oestrogen - Stops FSH from being produced, repairs and thickens the uterus lining.
Lutienising Hormone - Triggers ovulation, the release of an egg.
Progesterone - Maintains the uterus lining during pregnancy and menstrual cycle.

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follicle stimulating hormone helps maintain the menstrual cycle and the production of an egg in the overies

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name and describe the stages of female reproduction

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name and describe the stages of female reproduction

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1

2

3

4

5

6

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Oestrus Cycle - Hormonal changes
Copulation - Mating between male and female
Fertilisation - The sperm meets the egg
Implantation - Implants itself along the uterus lining
Gestation - Development in the pregnancy
Parturition - Birth

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The main function of the respiratory system is gaseous exchange. This refers to the process of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide moving between the lungs and blood. Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration (of that molecule) to an area of low concentration. This occurs during gaseous exchange as the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration of Oxygen than the air in the alveoli which has just been inhaled.

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Air first enters the body through the mouth or nose, quickly moves to the pharynx (throat), passes through the larynx (voice box), enters the trachea, which branches into a left and right bronchus within the lungs and further divides into smaller and smaller branches called bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles end in tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which inflate during inhalation, and deflate during exhalation.

Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.

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5. name and describe the 6 stages of the female reproduction in order

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5. name and describe the 6 stages of the female reproduction in order

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A. copulation- when two animals of the same species mate
B. fertilization- when the sperm meets eggs
C. implantation- when the egg plants itself in the uterus
D. gestation- when the fetus grows
E. parturition- when the animal gives birth

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Gaseous exchangegas exchange. The diffusion of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, especially the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment. In plants, gas exchange takes place during photosynthesis. In animals, gases are exchanged during respiration

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Gaseous exchangegas exchange. The diffusion of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, especially the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment. In plants, gas exchange takes place during photosynthesis. In animals, gases are exchanged during respiration

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Ovulation is the name of the process that happens usually once in every menstrual cycle, when hormone changes trigger an ovary to release an egg.

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Ovulation is the name of the process that happens usually once in every menstrual cycle, when hormone changes trigger an ovary to release an egg.

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Testicles (testes): These are oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. Most men have two testes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm. Within the testes are coiled masses of tubes called seminiferous tubules. These tubes are responsible for producing sperm cells.

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Within the lungs is a network of tubes through which air is able to pass. Air is firstly warmed, moistened and filtered as it travels through the mouth and nasal passages. It then passes through the trachea and down one of the two bronchi and into one of the lungs.After travelling into the many bronchioles, it finally passes into some of the millions of tiny sacs called alveoli, which have the specialised surfaces for gas exchange.

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Within the lungs is a network of tubes through which air is able to pass. Air is firstly warmed, moistened and filtered as it travels through the mouth and nasal passages. It then passes through the trachea and down one of the two bronchi and into one of the lungs.After travelling into the many bronchioles, it finally passes into some of the millions of tiny sacs called alveoli, which have the specialised surfaces for gas exchange.

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Lungs - Allows us to take in and expel air. The lungs take in oxygen from the air from the air through inhalation, carbon dioxide is in turn released through exhalation.
Diaphragm - Muscle and tendons that allow you to inhale and exhale. When diaphragm contracts, the dome flattens. This increases the volume of the chest cavity and creates a suction that draws breath in to the lungs.
Trachea (windpipe) - Connects to the larynx (voice box), to the bronchi of the lungs. Airway that lets you breath.
Nasal Cavity - Hollow space within your skull and nose that warms and filters air before it reaches the lungs. Opening that enables inhalation and exhalation of air.

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alveoli is where gas exchange happens

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Testicles (testes): These are oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by astructure called the spermatic cord. Most men have twotestes. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm.

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Mouth- The mouth, also known as the oral cavity, is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Most normal breathing takes place through the nasal cavity, but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed.

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Mouth- The mouth, also known as the oral cavity, is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Most normal breathing takes place through the nasal cavity, but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed.

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Estrogen. Ovaries produce three varieties of estrogen called estradiol, estrone, and estriol. ...

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone. ...

FSH and LH.

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lungs expands and contracts to allow air to enter the body

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The lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the diaphragm. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural membrane that provides the lung with space to expand as well as a negative pressure space relative to the body’s exterior. The negative pressure allows the lungs to passively fill with air as they relax. The left and right lungs are slightly different in size and shape due to the heart pointing to the left side of the body. The left lung is therefore slightly smaller than the right lung and is made up of 2 lobes while the right lung has 3 lobes.

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The lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the diaphragm. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural membrane that provides the lung with space to expand as well as a negative pressure space relative to the body’s exterior. The negative pressure allows the lungs to passively fill with air as they relax. The left and right lungs are slightly different in size and shape due to the heart pointing to the left side of the body. The left lung is therefore slightly smaller than the right lung and is made up of 2 lobes while the right lung has 3 lobes.

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Fertilization: A Sperm and an Egg Form a Zygote

The Zygote Becomes an Embryo: Development Prior to and During Implantation

In Eight Weeks, the Embryo Develops; By the End of Week 10 It Becomes a Fetus

Fetal Development Ends with Labor, a Three-Stage Process

Humans Must Develop Male or Female Gonads and Genitalia to be Capable of Reproduction

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Arteries,veins and capilllaries

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Each bronchiole further splits into many smaller branches less than a millimeter in diameter called terminal bronchioles. Finally, the millions of tiny terminal bronchioles conduct air to the alveoli of the lungs. The main function of the bronchi and bronchioles is to carry air from the trachea into the lungs. Smooth muscle tissue in their walls helps to regulate airflow into the lungs. 

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Each bronchiole further splits into many smaller branches less than a millimeter in diameter called terminal bronchioles. Finally, the millions of tiny terminal bronchioles conduct air to the alveoli of the lungs. The main function of the bronchi and bronchioles is to carry air from the trachea into the lungs. Smooth muscle tissue in their walls helps to regulate airflow into the lungs. 

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pharynx- also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the superior  end of the esophagus and larynx. 

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pharynx- also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the superior  end of the esophagus and larynx. 

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larynx- also known as the voice box, is a short section of the airway that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea.

trachea- also known as a windpipe, is a 5 inch long tube made of a C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

bronchi and bronchioles- At the inferior end of the trachea, the airway splits into left and right branches known as the primary bronchi.

lungs-
The lungs are a pair of large, spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the diaphragm.

muscles of respiration-
Surrounding the lungs are sets of muscles that are able to cause air to be inhaled or exhaled from the lungs.

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Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.

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The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck and into the thorax. The rings of cartilage making up the trachea allow it to remain open to air at all times. The main function of the trachea is to provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.

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The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck and into the thorax. The rings of cartilage making up the trachea allow it to remain open to air at all times. The main function of the trachea is to provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.

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The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. It is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its center moves caudally (downward) and its edges move rostrally (upward).

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The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a short section of the airway that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea. The larynx is located in the anterior portion of the neck which allows the body to produce the sounds of speech and singing.

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The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a short section of the airway that connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea. The larynx is located in the anterior portion of the neck which allows the body to produce the sounds of speech and singing.

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larix brings the oxygen from the nasal cavity and

bronchial tree

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The lungs and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also enabling the body to get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.

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The bronchioles or bronchioli are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to thealveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage or glands in their submucosa.

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The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body's airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs

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The nose

the nose has several function some of them are sensing odors, filtering air and making mucus

The larynx

the larynx for the sound that comprises speech

The pharynx

The pharynx acts as a passageway for food from the mouth to the oesophagus, and as an air passage from the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx

The Trachea

the trachea Connects the external respiratory organs with the lungs.

The Bronchi

Components essential for external respiration.

The  Broncioles

Components essential for external respiration.

Each terminal bronchiole conducts air to an acinus in the lung.

The pleura

The covering of the lungs.

The Alveoli

Components essential for external respiration.

The  Diaphragm

The diaphragm plays an important part in breathing.

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The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the superior end of the esophagus and larynx. 

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The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the superior end of the esophagus and larynx. 

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the arteries have a smooth tissue called Endothelium

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There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration. The airway, which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx,larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, carries air between the lungs and the body's exterior.

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Within the alveoli, an exchange of gases takes place between the gases inside the alveoli and the blood.
Blood arriving in the alveoli has a higher carbon dioxide concentration which is produced during respiration by the body’s cells. However, the air in the alveoli has a much lower concentration of carbon dioxide, meaning there is a concentration gradient which allows carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the blood and into the alveolar air.
Similarly, blood arriving in the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration (as it has been used for respiration by the body’s cells), while the air in the alveoli has a higher oxygen concentration. Therefore, oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion and combines with the haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.

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The conducting zone also includes the nostrils of the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, and their function is to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.

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Thick walls
Thick layer of muscles
Elastic fibres
Carries blood from the heart.

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the mouth is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. 

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the mouth is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. 

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but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed.

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Components of the respiratory systems: Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi and Bronchioles 

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Components of the respiratory systems: Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi and Bronchioles 

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(mouth) also know as the oral cavity  , the mouth is the hollow cavity that allows food and air to enter the body.
(nose) The nose is commonly known as the organ that produces the sense of smell, yet it is the structures deep to the nose in the nasal cavity that produce this important sense.
(nasopharynx) The nasopharynx is located above the soft palate. It communicates with the nasal cavity and provides a passageway for air during breathing. The eustachian tubes, which connect the pharynx with the middle ears, open through the walls of the nasopharynx.
(oropharynx)  The oropharynx, or pharynx, is a passage that connects the back of the mouth and the nose to the esophagus. This muscular tube, which is lined with mucous membranes, is a part of the respiratory and the digestive systems. The top section of the pharynx is an air passage that connects the nasal cavity to the region behind the soft palate of the mouth.
(laryngopharynx) The laryngopharynx is where both food and air pass. It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go. It is a part of the pharynx. A smooth mucous membrane covers the side and back walls. At the back of the larynx, the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx exists.
(larynx) The larynx is a tough, flexible segment of the respiratory tract connecting the pharynx to the trachea in the neck. It plays a vital role in the respiratory tract by allowing air to pass through it while keeping food and drink from blocking the airway. The larynx is also the body’s “voice box” as it contains the vocal folds that produce the sounds of speech and singing.

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The mouth, also known as the oral cavity, is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract.

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The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs. Hairs and mucus lining the nasal cavity help to trap dust, mold, pollen and other environmental contaminants before they can reach the inner portions of the body

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The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs. Hairs and mucus lining the nasal cavity help to trap dust, mold, pollen and other environmental contaminants before they can reach the inner portions of the body

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3)list the components of the respiratory system and briefly describe the function of it  

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3)list the components of the respiratory system and briefly describe the function of it  

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- windpipe or the trachea: allows air flow to and from the lungs
- lungs: where gas exchange happens, eg blood picks up the oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide, the lungs inflate drawing in the oxygen and deflates pushing out the carbon dioxide
- diaphragm: you breathe in and the diaphragm contracts making your lung capacity bigger
-pharynx: is to warm, moisten and conduct it to the lungs
-larynx: flap at the top of the trachea so your food goes down the esophagus not the trachea
- nasal cavity: its an open cavity that enables the inhalation and exhalation . it also filters out dust and foreign objects particles from the air we breathe in

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they have thick outer walls
it has no valve
The lumen is smaller than the vein

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The blood in veins is under lower pressure than the blood in arteries. The veins have: thin walls. thin layers of muscle and elastic fibres.

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The blood in veins is under lower pressure than the blood in arteries. The veins have: thin walls. thin layers of muscle and elastic fibres.

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 1) Arteries regulate diastolic blood pressure, carry blood away from the heart and have thick muscular walls. 

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 1) Arteries regulate diastolic blood pressure, carry blood away from the heart and have thick muscular walls. 

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3) Trachea  - The tube connecting the throat to the bronchi .
Bronchi - The trachea divides into bronchi (tubes). One leads to the left lung, the other to the right lung. Inside the lungs  each of the bronchi divides into smaller bronchi.
Broncheoli - the bronchi branch off into small tubes called broncheoli which end in the pulmonary alveolus.
Pulmonary alveoli - tiny sacs (air sacs) delineated by a single-layer membrane with  blood capillaries at  the other end.
Lungs - A pair of organs found in all vertebrates.
The structure of the lungs includes the bronchial tree - air tubes branching off from the bronchi into smaller and smaller air tubes, each on ending in a pulmonary alveolus.
4) Gas exchange - The diffusion of gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, especially the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between and organism and its  environment.
5) 1- Fertilisation
2- fertilised egg drops into the womb.
3- The zygote becomes an embryo.
4- The embryo develops
5 - Fetal development ends with labor.
6- the baby is born.
6) Gonadotropin - releasing hormone is produced by a part of the brain called hypothalamus. It causes the release of two important hormones.
Follicile - stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland in the first half of the menstrual cycle.
Leutenizing hormone - Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen and progesterone.
Oestrogen - promotes the maturation and release of an ovum in every menstrual cycle .
7) the testes are oval shaped organs. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the male sex hormone and for generating sperm.

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thick walls
carries blood away for the heart
carries carry blood to the lungs before oxygenation

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Have thick muscular walls

Carry blood away from the heart

contain blood under high pressure

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2 features of the arteries:

thick outer walls

thick layers of muscle and elastic fibres.

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1. State three main features of the arteries.

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1. State three main features of the arteries.

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- carries blood away from the heart
-has a small lumen
- high blood pre

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Blood in the arteries is under high pressure generated by the heart.

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Blood in the arteries is under high pressure generated by the heart.

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arteries have thick outer walls, thick layers of muscle and elastic fibers.