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For such defects, and not for other guilt,
Lost are we and are only so far punished,
That without hope we live on in desire.”
Great grief seized on my heart when this I heard,
Because some people of much worthiness
I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended.

Tone: Sadness or sorrow

How the Dante shows this: Dante uses words like grief and phrases like, "without hope"

Literary Device: Simple Sentences

Annotations:

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Exerpt: And this arose from sorrow without torment
Tone: sadness, but happiness

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The infernal hurricane that never rests
Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine;
Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them. (Alighieri 31)
Tone : Restrained
How the author shows this : Alighieri explained that it was like being in a hurricane that never stops through imagery to show the punishment they go through.
Annotations :
- The hurricane shows that the souls can never rest
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Exerpt: The infernal hurricane that never rests

Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine;

Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them.

Tone: Very unforgiving

How was the term created: The term was created when the author used word choice.  One example of this is when he says molested and hurtles.

Annotations supporting:
Hurricane- very destructive and not paired with fun

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Great grief seized on my heart when this I heard,

Because some people of much worthiness

I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended.

“Tell me, my Master, tell me, thou my Lord,”

Began I, with desire of being certain

Of that Faith which o’ercometh every error,

Tone: Its sad, depressing, pleading, desperation

He used repetition to create pleading tome that is desperate giving a sorrowful mood.

Annotation:
Traped in Limbo: stuck in the middle, cant be one way or another.
Repetition: “Tell me, my Master, tell me, thou my Lord,” creating a surprised/uneducated tone, Dante is learning about hell before he can see his wife.
Apostrophe: "Great grief seized on my heart " Creates the depressed, grief-stricken tone from Dante showing how un-knowledgeable Dante is.
"Began I, with desire of being certain

Of that Faith which o’ercometh every error," Shows how Dante is trying to accept that such great people are stuck in the sadness of limbo because of thing not their fault. He is struggling to put a positive moral on a negative situation.

Narrative Technique: See above.

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The infernal hurricane that never rests

Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine;

Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them.

I understood that unto such a torment

The carnal malefactors were condemned,

Who reason subjugate to appetite.

Tone: The tone is condemning, hopeless, and malicious.

Alighieri created this tone by including strong, harsh words and uses a constant flow of thoughts to establish what he thinks.

1. "I understood that unto such a torment, the carnal malefactors were condemned." - This piece shows an agreement with the punishment the souls got, he is satisfied and content.

2. "Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them." - The deeper meaning is that one who can never decide anything is punished to what they know best. Their worst attribute is used against them.

3. "The infernal hurricane that never rests" - The use of infernal creates a negative connotation and they idea that it never rests implies an eternal punishment.

The assonance in the final line shows a completeness to the stanza showing the punishment is their end. There is also the imagery of the hurricane

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Name of you and your partner: Andrew

Paste your passage: “O thou who honourest every art and science,

Who may these be, which such great honour have,

That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?”

And he to me: “The honourable name,

That sounds of them above there in thy life,

Wins grace in Heaven, that so advances them.”

What is the tone of the passage?: The tone of this passage is more genuine and honorous, as Dante is looking up to all of the Greek poets and Philosophers.

How did Alighieri create this tone?
Alighieri creates this tone through the repetition of the word "honor", and through Dante's praise of the Greeks.

Provide 3 Annotations that inform your understanding of the passage:
- Dante is asking why his revered Greek poets and philosophers are in Hell
- To Dante, faith is really, really important
- The use of the word "honor" in its different forms exaggerates the genuine quality of Dante's demeanor towards the Greeks

Identify and explain the function of 1 narrative technique: One of the techniques used is polyptoton, when Dante uses honor in different forms to express his feelings and admiration for the Greek poets and philosophers. This also establishes a tone for the author, Dante.

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There, as it seemed to me from listening,

Were lamentations none, but only sighs,

That tremble made the everlasting air.

Tone: scared
The author made us feel scared because he used words that refer to being scared.

.Trembling is a result from being scared
.lamentations means grief or sorrow
.everlasting airs means something bad will last forever.

Narrative technique: Simple sentences- using as little words and description as possible but still getting the point across.

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After the voice had ceased and quiet was,

Four mighty shades I saw approaching us;

Semblance had they nor sorrowful nor glad.

To say to me began my gracious Master:

“Him with that falchion in his hand behold,

Who comes before the three, even as their lord.

Tone: awestruck/admirable

The tone was created through diction/word choice in the description of Virgil

"gracious" means he is thinking of Virgil as fair/reasonable
"master" means he is thinking of Virgil as a superior being who has control over him
"after the  voice had ceased and quiet was" means that in Dante's perception, Virgil is "god almighty" and he feels as if he and the four poets are the only people in the vicinity and no one else matters

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That they sinned not; and if they merit had,

’Tis not enough, because they had not baptism

Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest;

tone: is depressing, it is created by using hopeless word choice.
narrative technique: juxtaposition he compared the baptized or the good to the unbaptized the bad

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The infernal hurricane that never rests

Hurtles the spirits onward in its rapine;

Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them.

What is the tone of the passage?:
The stanza creates an unforgiving and harsh tone.
How did Alighieri create this tone?
Alighieri used descriptive words to enhance the lack of sympathy
Provide 3 Annotations that inform your understanding of the passage:
Hurtles is a reference to the nonstop wind.
Whirling them round will never let them stop.
Molests describes how they should feel due to their sins.
Identify and explain the function of 1 narrative technique:
Alighieri used assonance in the final line. He used the word them at the beginning and end of of the line. It happened to mention the unrest in the Fifth Canto.

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Use this template to correctly post your close reading:

Name of you and your partner:

Paste your passage:

What is the tone of the passage?:

How did Alighieri create this tone?

Provide 3 Annotations that inform your understanding of the passage:

Identify and explain the function of 1 narrative technique: