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Racially Restrictive Covenant is a contract that restricts people of color from purchasing homes in white communities.

- legally enforceable contract
-owners who violate the contract risk forfeiting their property

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In 1917, the court ruling of the Buchanan v. Warley case ruled that racial zoning is not legal. The Supreme Court of the United States addressed civil government instituted racial segregation in residential areas. But because this only applies to public properties, private properties can have legally bounding contracts based on race, and that is exactly what happened.

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Racially Restrictive Covenants in Today's Society

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Racially Restrictive Covenants in Today's Society

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Racially restrictive covenants are still known to be present in today's world. Based on a study by the Fair Housing Center of Great Boston, citizens of African-American and Latino descent are discriminated against 2/3 of the time when seeking Section 8 housing, by ways such as high loans, less options, and being steered away from the homes.

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When did restrictive convenants become illegal?

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When did restrictive convenants become illegal?

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The Supreme Court ruled against racially restrictive covenants  in 1948, and they were outlawed by the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968. However due to so many of them remaining in deeds and neighborhood bylaws, some states, including California, have moved to eliminate them.

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This was a United States Supreme Court case that held that courts couldn't enforce  racial covenants on real estate.
-The Shelley family was an African American family who purchased a house in St. Louis, Missouri
-At the time the Shelley family wasn't aware that a restrictive covenant had been in place on the property
-Louis Kraemer (who lived 10 blocks away) sued to prevent the Shelley family from gaining possession of the property
-the court rejected the argument that since state courts would enforce a restrictive covenant  against white people, judicial enforcement of restrictive covenants wouldn't  violate the Equal Protection Clause
-the court noted that the Fourteenth amendment guarantees individual rights

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A ghetto is a separated part of town, usually run down and occupied by minorities. After a migration in the early 1900's of African Americans from the south to the north, racial integration began to decrease and ethnic borders set in. Conditions were often poor, crime was prevalent and there was no economic stability.

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Homes for Discriminating People

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Multiple restrictive deeds have been found in King County Archives for the neighborhood of Blue ridge Seattle. They read:
"No residence property shall at any time, directly or indirectly, be sold, conveyed, rented or leased in whole of in part to any person or persons not of the white or Caucasian race."
Many neighborhoods were restricted in Seattle, black families were only able to find homes easily in central neighborhoods

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley_v._Kraemer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanan_v._Warley
http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/covenants.htm
http://www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1920s1948-Restrictive-Covenants.html