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A.Morand

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EPIC The Irish Emigration Museum in Dublin | Official Site

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EPIC The Irish Emigration Museum | Home | EPIC Museum Dublin, Ireland

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EPIC The Irish Emigration Museum, Dublin, a museum experience like no other! Winner of Europe’s Leading Tourist Attraction 2019, 2020 & 2021.

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A.Morand

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European Emigration

Between 1815 and 1915, some 30 million Europeans arrived in the United States. For many it was a long and arduous journey. In the early part of the century, just getting to a port of embarkation might mean days or weeks of travel on foot, by rivercraft, or in horse-drawn vehicles. Because regularly scheduled departures were rare in the age of sail, immigrants often had to wait in port for days or weeks before their ship departed.

In Northern Europe, many immigrants departed from Dutch or German ports like Amsterdam and Bremen. Later, when immigration from Central and Eastern Europe was on the rise, immigrants often had to travel down the Danube River to Black Sea ports like Constanta and Varna. From there, they had to endure weeks or months at sea aboard sailing ships subject to the vagaries of wind and weather.

The spread of the railroads across Europe in the mid-1800s greatly shortened travel time to embarkation ports, while the introduction of steamships cut passage time from weeks to days, in the case of the fastest ships. Ships also increased in size, some carrying more than 1,000 immigrants in steerage class.

Except in places where immigration was restricted—like the Russian Empire—it was fairly easy to travel from an obscure European village to the United States by the late 19th century. A potential immigrant contracted with a shipping company agent, often a local cleric or teacher, who informed the head office at the departure port. The agent then received a departure date and ticket voucher, which he passed along to the immigrant, who boarded a train for the port city. If the port of embarkation was Bremen, immigrants could almost step directly from the train onto their ship—the city had railroad track leading right onto the docks.

Between 1882 and 1917, the U.S. government introduced laws regulating immigration. In 1891, for example, Congress barred from admission those "suffering from a loathsome or a dangerous contagious disease" and those "convicted [of] a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude" like anarchists and polygamists. As a result, steamship lines became increasingly careful about whom they let on board. Immigrants had to have their papers checked and their health inspected before departure. Sometimes immigrants had to spend several days awaiting boarding, during which they were lodged and fed by the steamship company.

Source: Destination America by Charles A. Wills

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Destination America . When did they come? | PBS

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European Emigration Between 1815 and 1915, some 30 million Europeans arrived in the United States. For many it was a long and arduous journey. In the early part of the century, just getting to a port of embarkation might mean days or weeks of travel on foot, by rivercraft, or in horse-drawn vehicles.

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Syria:The world's largest refugee crisis

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Syria:The world's largest refugee crisis

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Syria: The World's Largest Refugee Crisis - Full Episode

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You are investigative reporters and will be presenting the news based on the courses seen during the week. You will show the causes and consequences of each (real journalism).
topic.

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V. Capelle & A. Ledos
Videos

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Tools for the communication skills course

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Tools for the communication skills course

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how to use keynote

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Tools for the communication skills course

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Tools for the communication skills course

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How to use iMovie

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But where did ISIS come from? What does it control? And how does it govern? CNN explains.

Where did ISIS come from?

The group began in 2004 as al Qaeda in Iraq, before rebranding as ISIS two years later. It was an ally of -- and had similarities with -- Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda: both were radical anti-Western militant groups devoted to establishing an independent Islamic state in the region.

But ISIS -- unlike al Qaeda, which disowned the group in early 2014 -- has proven to be more brutal and more effective at controlling territory it has seized.

ISIS put governing structures in place to rule the territories it conquers once the dust settles on the battlefield. From the cabinet and the governors to the financial and legislative bodies, ISIS' bureaucratic hierarchy looks a lot like those of some of the Western countries whose values it rejects -- if you take away the democracy and add in a council to consider who should be beheaded.

Oil and land: What ISIS controls

ISIS spread fast, capturing large territories on both sides of the Iraq-Syria border. Then, in June 2014, it declared a caliphate -- a state, governed by an Islamic leader.

Its territory includes oil fields, which give the group a major source of income.

Energy expert Luay al-Khateeb said that at the height of ISIS power, the oil was finding its way to the black market and could have been making ISIS up to $3 million each day.

But ISIS has been pushed back on many fronts, losing 12% of its territory in in 2016, according to one expert estimate.

Does that mean ISIS is becoming less dangerous?

Probably not. Outside of the territory it controls in the Middle East, ISIS both directs and inspires acts of terrorism around the world.

More than 2,000 people have been killed in those attacks, which have occurred in at least 29 countries outside of Iraq and Syria, according to CNN calculations.

And what exactly is this group's name?

They want to be known as the Islamic State, but no government in the world recognizes them as a state, and many Muslims are appalled by their definition of Islam.

ISIS stands for the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. ISIL means basically the same thing - the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.

There is another name that the group rejects, but which many officials use: Daesh.

It's an Arabic acronym that means the same thing as ISIL, but sounds like an Arabic word meaning "stomp on." And ISIS hates it so much they have threatened to cut out the tongue of anyone who uses it.

CNN's Atika Shubert, Nima Elbagir and Ivana Kottasova contributed to this report.

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isis: everything you need to know about the group - cnn

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Richard Allen Greene and Nick Thompson. Graphics by Sean O'Key, CNN

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But where did ISIS come from? What does it control? And how does it govern? CNN explains. Where did ISIS come from? The group began in 2004 as al Qaeda in Iraq, before rebranding as ISIS two years later.

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How to use Prezi

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The Arab Spring refers to a period of protests beginning on December 18, 2010 in Tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other Arab nations and resulted in regime change in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Yemen, and repression and/or violence in Syria, Bahrain, Sudan, and elsewhere. In Egypt, protests and strikes began on January 25, 2011 (National Police Day) and lasted for 18 days, bringing together various opposition groups representing a wide cross section of Egyptian society including secularists, feminists, Islamists, anti-capitalists, and many others. Notably, while the January 25 protests were initiated by a group of opposition activists, the Egyptian Arab Spring did not have a centralized leadership and no single element of the opposition was in control.
We Are All Khaled Said
While it was the death of Muhammad Bouazizi in Tunisia that sparked the Arab Spring in Tunisia, then elsewhere, in Egypt another death proved an important symbolic catalyst for revolution. In 2010, a young man named Khaled Said was beaten to death by two police officers after being dragged out of a cybercafé in in Alexandria. Photographs of his disfigured body were shared online. Wael Ghoneim, an Egyptian Google Executive living in Dubai-who would go on to become a prominent Arab Spring youth activist-created a Facebook group called "We Are All Khaled Said," which quickly drew membership in the hundreds of thousands.

What seemed to have particular impact was the fact that Said had neither been a political dissident nor an Islamic radical, but rather a young Egyptian Everyman victimized by the police. Said's remembrance was articulated through the lens of religious martyrdom, which has deep historical resonance among Egyptian Muslims and Christians. The Facebook page and other social media sites became public forums for the remembrance of Said and for discourse around what he died for. These issues became fundamental to the outbreak of protests in the coming year. Though police brutality could account for scores of other deaths in Egypt, it was the role of new media that made this death particularly salient. Police claimed that Said died by suffocation after attempting to swallow a bag of hashish; however, during the trial it became apparent that Said had been targeted by police for posting a video online accusing the police of colluding with drug dealers. Small-scale, local demonstrations took place protesting Said's death, but it was on Ghoneim's Facebook page that the announcement for the January 25 protests-held on January 25, National Police Day-was first publicized.
Arab Spring Protests
Chanting "The People Want to Bring Down Regime" ( al-shaab yurid isqat al-nizam),a broad spectrum of protestors, from labor and youth activists to feminists and individual members of the Muslim Brotherhood (there without sanction from the organization),sought political change in the wake of decades of corruption, police brutality, media censorship, unemployment, inflation, and other problems. The protest took various forms, from the occupation of downtown Cairo's Tahrir Square, to labor strikes, acts of civil disobedience, clashes with armed forces, and others. Violence between protestors and the police resulted in 846 deaths and several thousand injuries.

President Hosni Mubarak -in office since 1981-was deposed on February 11, 2011, after which the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) dissolved the Egyptian Parliament, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the nation's "emergency laws." Protestor deaths formed the basis of allegations against Mubarak, for which he was sentenced to life in prison in June, 2012, but was released in August 2013 under the post-coup military government.
Islamism and the Arab Spring
While individual Islamists may have been present during the early days of the protests, as cohesive entities, Islamist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood did not sanction the first protests. However, the Brotherhood did endorse protests beginning on January 28, 2011, and supported Muhammad El-Baradei's candidacy for transitional president in the days following. When Islamist groups did participate-including Salafi groups-they embraced the same non-violent tactics used by secular activists.

In the wake of the Arab Spring, Islamist groups were able to legally form political parties for the first time in Egyptian history. A variety of parties emerged representing a broad spectrum of political thought, from the moderate and business-oriented Muslim Brotherhood which had decades of experience on the margins of Egyptian politics, to Salafi parties that had no political experience. Islamist parties were remarkably successful; the Muslim Brotherhood Freedom and Justice Party candidate, Muhammad Morsi, became president on June 30, 2012. These gains have since been eroded by the popular military coup on a year later, and changes to the constitution that bar political parties based on religious ideology.
Al-Azhar and the Arab Spring
Senior members of Al-Azhar took a cautious stance on the Arab Spring protests; Grand Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayyeb affirmed the legitimacy of President Mubarak, and Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa urged protestors to return home, citing concerns for public welfare. However individual members of the faculty (including prominent members of the ) and students did participate in demonstrations. As fervor built, protests occurred on Al-Azhar's campuses, including among university employees. The revolution had the effect of reviving oppositional scholarly networks, including supporters of the Brotherhood and Salafis, who were able to openly engage with Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayyeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar and president of the university, for the first time.

The Arab Spring has brought change to Al-Azhar. Since 1961 the university has been under strict government oversight, making it an extension of subsequent military regimes. In the weeks and months that followed the Arab Spring, faculty members and Egyptian society more broadly supported greater independence for Al-Azhar and its related institutions, for example, by making the position of Grand Imam an elected as opposed to government-installed position. On June 20, 2011, Al-Azhar issued the "Al-Azhar Document," an 11-point program recommending changes to benefit Egyptian society, which promoted constitutional democracy. It also promoted its own institutional independence and its role as the highest Islamic authority in Egypt. Despite public support of institutional independence, Al-Azhar remains under government oversight. However, these debates have exposed a variety of schisms within the 'ulama including generational differences, relationships to the previous regime, support for Sufism or Salafism, and others that have heightened tensions within Al-Azhar.
Christians and the Arab Spring
The Coptic Church urged Christians not to participate in protests (WHY), though powerful images in the media showed Coptic Christians protesters protecting Muslim protesters at prayer following state attacks against praying Muslim protesters. Similar images of Muslims protecting Coptic Christians suggested solidarity among protestors. This solidarity unraveled in the months to follow when a Copts gathered to protest the demolition of a church in Upper Egypt, and was attacked by state security forces, resulting in 28 deaths and hundreds of injuries.

The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood heightened interreligious tensions, particularly as some emboldened Islamists began attacking and destroying Coptic churches. The deposition of President Muhammad Morsi has intensified violence against the Copts, whom many Islamists presumed had widely supported his removal. At the same time, other Muslims have supported their Coptic friends and neighbors, by forming protective barriers around churches, for example.
Women and the Arab Spring
Women actively participated in the Arab Spring protests, sharing the same concerns as male protestors, and included veteran women's rights activists as well as scores of young women who had never before been politically engaged. Many hoped that regime change would bring greater attention to issues of gender justice in Egypt.

Beginning with the transitional period led by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, it was clear that women's issues were being neglected in articulations of a remade state. Worse, the Morsi regime was willing to roll back reforms that had been achieved in previous decades. Sexual violence was increasingly used to target female protestors, with rumors that it was directed by the government via paid thugs. Nonetheless, women continued to protest against the SCAF and against the Muhammad Morsi government. Female supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood also actively participated in protests against the 2013 coup.

Alaa Al-Din Arafat, Hosni Mubarak and the Future of Democracy in Egypt

Nathan J. Brown, "Post-Revolutionary Al-Azhar," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, September 2011, accessed January 13, 2014.

Jeffrey R. Halverson, Scott W. Ruston and Angela Tretheway, "Mediated Martyrs of the Arab Spring: New Media, Civil Religion, and Narrative in Tunisia and Egypt," Journal of Communication, Vol. 63, No. 2 (2013), pp. 312-332.

Noha El-Hennawy, "Al-Azhar reform draft law stirs controversy," Egypt Independent, September 1, 2012, accessed January 16, 2014.

Ioana E. Matesan, "The Impact of the Arab Spring on Islamist Strategies," Journal of Strategic Security, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2012), pp. 27-46.

Manalal-Natour, "The role of women in the Egyptian revolutionof 25 January 2011" Arab Spring and Arab Women, ed. Muhamad S. Olimat (New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 70-85.
Image Credits:
"," Aslan Media, from Flickr Creative Commons.

"Untitled," Sarah Carr, from Flickr Creative Commons.

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The Arab Spring refers to a period of protests beginning on December 18, 2010 in Tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other Arab nations and resulted in regime change in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Yemen, and repression and/or violence in Syria, Bahrain, Sudan, and elsewhere.

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In 2011, the Arab Spring swept through the Middle East with the prospect of change. However, in Syria, that movement turned into a bloody civil war with chaos and destruction.

The purpose of the Arab Spring was to bring democracy, freedom and a better life to people. As it revolutionizes the Middle East, power changes hands in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. Demonstrations also took place in Morocco, Bahrain, Algeria, Iran and Sudan to name a few. Leaders in some of those Arab countries subdue their population with promises of democracy; others use brute force to contain the unrest.

As the Arab Spring galvanized an entire region that was for centuries accustomed to dictatorship, kingship and a perennial form of government, it also brought both the global collapse of a political tendency of governance and a system that introduced the volatile nature of governing altogether. Syria is a prime example.

The Arab Spring arrived in Syria, and protests began on January 26, 2011. The demands of the Syrian people were political reforms, a reinstatement of civil rights and an end to the state of emergency, which had been in place since 1963. As the government remained unresponsive to the protesters' demands, the protests grew and expanded to Homs, Damascus and to most parts of Syria.

In May 2011, the Syrian military tried to crack down the protests with a violent force. Unsuccessful, President Bashar Al-Assad invited his people to a national dialogue and made some empty promises along the way. Immediately, a National Council was established to lead the Syrian revolt.

At this point, what was an uprising turned into a civil war. As Reuters reported claims of thousands of civilian deaths caused by the rebels and the Syrian military, President Barack Obama and British Prime Minister David Cameron blamed Assad for using chemical weapons on his own people. Lawlessness was raging in Syria.

Besides Syrian rebels, ISIS now entered Syrian territory; foreign fighters joined in the battlefield. Using social media, ISIS took no time to recruit followers locally and internationally. They, then, established a Caliphate system of government in lands they occupy. Notoriously, ISIS fighters are killers on the rampage in Syria.

What escalated the Syrian civil war was the intervention of major foreign forces such as Russia, the United States and some of its western allies, and not to underestimate the presence of Iran, Hezbollah and others. Western forces are in Syria fighting mainly for regime change while Russia, Iran and Hezbollah are in the battlefield to ensure the survival of President Bashar Al Assad government.

It's an endless war because of the discord among all the parties involved and the personal agenda they all want to achieve. Also with neighboring countries, Israel and Saudi Arabia, anxiously looking on as their proxies are waging war against Assad, Syria would have fallen to balkanization long ago had not it been for the staunch Russian military involvement that tilts the balance of power.

Casualties mount daily in Syria. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that between March 2011 and March 2017, 321,358 to 451,358 have died in the Syrian civil war. Also more than four million refugees have left the country during the course of the civil war. Most of them fled to neighboring countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, as well as European nations.

Before the war, Syria was a calm, stable, culturally rich, and very beautiful place to visit. It is one rare Muslim country where people practiced their religions without any fear of violence. Unlike other Muslim countries, Syria is tolerant to Christians and others. However, under both Assad regimes, no one dares to whisper a word against the government. Now Syria finds itself in a political quandary without any end in sight. Worse, it could be the reason or the ground that will ignite World War III.

After all, it's worth wondering what the future holds for Syria after 6 years of war. Its future is uncertain. The purpose of the Arab Spring was to bring hope and change. Little did Syrian people realize that their hope and dreams would be shattered in such an unthinkable fashion. With the foreign intervention of small and big players to the conflict, Syria itself has become a bargaining chip.

A war settlement becomes a remote reality. Too many players, too many demands and too much is at stake. It's all about power, greed and dominance. What has added to Syria's uncertainty is the political future that lies ahead, the risk of post-victory payback by Assad or any victorious party.

The Arab Spring may have awakened the entire Middle East with a taste of democracy in a few countries, but Syria has seen the adverse effects of it. What was meant to be an uprising for change turned into a bloody, brutal and endless civil war. Like Germany, England and France in the Second World War, most of Syria is destroyed.

The ruin of Syria is obvious to the naked eyes. It's time to end the war. Since political greed and power often cause people or powerful countries to usurp the sovereignty of nations, the longer we wait for reason and justice to supersede evil in Syria, the more catastrophic the situation. The time for peace is now. "I am Syrian, I was made in Syria, I have to live in Syria and die in Syria" President Bashar al-Assad.

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The Arab Spring And Its unintended Effects In Syria.

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In 2011, the Arab Spring swept through the Middle East with the prospect of change. However, in Syria, that movement turned into a bloody civil war with chaos and destruction. The purpose of the Arab Spring was to bring democracy, freedom and a better life to people.

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Studies and mobility opportunities in Europe

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Studies and mobility opportunities in Europe

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Association franco-allemande - FAFA pour l'Europe

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Association franco-allemande - FAFA pour l'Europe

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Agence des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne

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The FRA provides the EU institutions and Member States with independent, evidence-based advice on fundamental rights. The aim is to contribute towards ensuring full respect for fundamental rights across the EU.

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L'Office franco-allemand pour la Jeunesse

L'OFAJ est une organisation internationale qui s'engage en faveur de la coopération franco-allemande. Depuis 1963, l'OFAJ a permis à près de 9,5 millions de jeunes de participer à plus de 382 000 programmes d'échanges.

Découvrir les actions de l'OFAJ

Programmes et formations du moment

un an - Allemagne

+1

18.1.2023 - 2.2.2033, France (en cours)

Les membres de " Génération Europe " sont des jeunes personnes engagées professionnellement et/ou bénévolement, avec le souhait de...

+1

5.4.2024 - 14.4.2024, Wasserburg am Bodensee, Allemagne

Le BILD et la GÜZ organisent conjointement, avec le soutien de l'OFAJ, une formation à l'animation de rencontres franco-allemandes...

Rencontre franco-allemande pour jeunes de 15 à 18 ans à Berchtesgaden dans les Alpes bavaroises

Tout au long de l'année, l'OFAJ et ses partenaires organisent de très nombreuses rencontres et manifestations autour de différents thèmes...

Voir les prochains événements

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Découvrez l'Office Franco-allemand pour la Jeunesse qui promeut les échanges et les rencontres interculturelles pour renforcer l'amitié franco-allemande

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http://site.erasmusplus-jeunesse.fr/sve_jeunes-17-30-ans.html

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Studies and mobility opportunities in Europe

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Studies and mobility opportunities in Europe

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European business exchange programme - Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs

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Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs is a business exchange programme, offering new entrepreneurs the possibility to work for up to 6 months with an experienced entrepreneur in his or her small or medium-sized business in another EU country. [ - Europe]

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Studies and mobility opportunites in Europe

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Studies and mobility opportunites in Europe

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Accueil - Erasmus +, le programme pour l'éducation, la formation, la jeunesse et le sport de la Commission européenne

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Teacher's worksheet

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A. Giron

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Studies and mobility opportunites in Europe

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Studies and mobility opportunites in Europe

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G. Saint Hubert

Links for your research

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En se connectant sur la plate-forme eTwinning, des acteurs de l'éducation des pays européens - enseignants, chefs d'établissement, éducateurs, etc. - communiquent, coopèrent, développent des projets, partagent. Ils font ainsi partie de la communauté d'apprentissage la plus passionnante d'Europe.

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Europe and the controversial weedkiller glyphosate

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Europe and the controversial weedkiller glyphosate

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O. Surel

https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/glyphosate_en

http://www.glyphosate.eu/system/files/sidebox-files/qas_1.pdf

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V. Capelle

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M. Wilson

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V. Capelle & A. Cumbie

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A. Morand

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Dunbrody Famine Ship and Irish Emigrant Experience

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The Dunbrody Famine Ship and Irish Emigrant Experience is one of Ireland's premier tourist attractions in the South East.