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https://bizfluent.com/facts-7601794-definition-global-communication.html
"Global communication is the ability to provide and access information across cultures through speaking, listening, or reading and writing. Global communication skills are particularly vital in a business environment, where language and cultural barriers can impact efficiency."

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https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/Rude-hand-gestures-of-the-world/rude8/Means Five Fathers in Arabic, meaning your mother was a whore and 5 men could be your father

Mildly insulting brush-off, in Europe, "go f*** yourself

Moutza - "to hell with you, I rub s*** in your face, I'm going to violate your sister"

Greece, Africa, Pakistan

"Corna" meaning your wife is unfaithful in the Baltics, Brazil, Columbia, Italy, Portugal

In Arabic the hands fan out at the head like a stag

Cutis in India and Pakistan, meaning "Screw you and your whole family"

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https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/syrian-culture/syrian-culture-etiquette
Verbal

Indirect Communication:

communicate in an indirect fashion

express point is reached in long, roundabout way to avoid embarrassment or offence

The best way of reaching an understanding is to ask open-ended questions that allow them to reach their answer in their own time and give agreeable and accepting responses that do not directly disrupt the speaker’s discussion.

Communication Style:

joke and banter during conversation

try to one-up each other with witty insults.

Raised Voices:

not immediately interpreted as aggressive

Speaking loudly and with passion shows one’s sincerity and investment in a matter

Refusals:

yes or no answers, politeness automatically requires “yes” whether true or not

A flat “no” can indicate that you want to end the relationship

The polite way to say no is to say something along the lines of, “I’ll see what I can do”, no matter how impossible the task may be.

Such an indirect response also means “I am still your friend/ally, I tried”.

Non-Verbal

Personal Space:

often sit and stand closer to each other

Physical Contact:

very tactile between members of the same gender

often hug and kiss one another, lean on each other and walk holding hands or with linked arms

display of affection between friends or family members of the same gender is more common in public than that between a husband and wife

Feet: Displaying the soles of your feet to someone is considered rude.

Eye Contact: Syrians expect people to maintain eye contact during interaction. It demonstrates respect, attentiveness and confidence. However, devout Muslims may lower their gaze when talking to those of the opposite gender.

Body Language:

may be quite animated

gesture largely with their hands and head to emphasize their words.

Refusals: Tilting one’s head back while raising the eyebrows can indicate “no”.

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Has quickly evolved into a universal language

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Indian, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan cultures waggle their heads to indicate "yes/ok"; whereas, in North America we nod for "yes/agree" - quite oppositional non-verbal gestures, which can be confusing for ELL students and their families; we think they are disagreeing with us, when they are actually agreeing.
I interacted with a student today who speaks English but has just arrived from Pakistan. He wanted to join my billiards club but it was full. I told him he could join on Tuesdays and he shook his head and asked for a permission form, obviously indicating yes, he wanted to join.

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https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/intercultural-communication/roles-of-nonverbal-communication-with-culture.htm

"Gestures, another form of kinesics, are culturally specific. Researchers have sub-divided gestures into four areas: emblems, or gestures shat substitute for words and phrases, such as raising your shoulders for "I don't know"'; illustrators help illustrate what we are trying to say, perhaps by indicating "this big"; regulators are used to control, maintain, or "regulate" the pace and flow of conversation, such as putting up your forefinger to indicate you're not finished speaking; and adaptors are habits or gestures that fulfill some kind of psychological need, such as picking lint off your shirt or playing with your hair."

"Haptics is the study of touch, and its rules vary considerably across cultures."

"The study of space is proxemics, and it too is culturally regulated."

"In the consideration of interpersonal boundaries, what is a comfortable distance for members of one cultural group can feel like crowding to those of another. In the US, research suggests that we have four spatial zones: intimate, personal, social, and public. The intimate zone is reserved for those closest to us such as family, close friends, and an emotional situation. Its distance is zero to 18 inches. The personal zone is reserved for closer friends, some acquaintances, and colleagues. Its distance is eighteen to forty-eight inches. The social zoneis what we typically find at a larger event such as a party, and its distance is forty-eight inches to twelve feet. Finally, the distance of twelve feet or more is the public zone. When any of these zones is violated, anxiety or discomfort can result.

For European Americans, the average conversational distance is approximately twenty inches. In many Latin American and Caribbean cultures, that distance reduces to fourteen to fifteen inches. In Saudi Arabia, among same-sex speakers, the ideal conversational distance reduces even further to nine to ten inches. The concept of personal space is unseen, yet can result in a good deal of intercultural discomfort and misunderstanding."

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http://www.learningdynamicsinc.org/2012/04/23/fostering-communication-in-your-child/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIs5zMsLXu2AIV2rjACh0fgQt2EAAYASAAEgImZ_D_BwE

1. Games and activities
2. Playing charades
3. Colouring books
4. Traditional board games
5. Outdoor games
6. Sensory activities
7. Watching foreign films (engaging videos)
8. Guess the facial expression (using vocab)
9. Personalized dictionary
10. Emphasizing words in phrases
11. Social stories

"No matter the activity, remember that positive reinforcement of appropriate communication is essential to improving your child’s skills. Giving your child a high-five, a pat on the back, or telling them they are doing a great job will work to encourage and empower them while they are learning and playing."

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Communication without the use of spoken language. Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, and body positions (known collectively as “body language”), as well as unspoken understandings and presuppositions, and cultural and environmental conditions that may affect any encounter between people.

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http://online.pointpark.edu/business/cultural-differences-in-nonverbal-communication/

High context and low context cultures

1. High - rely heavily on non-verbal comm.
2. Low - rely heavily on words

A) paralanguage - accent, pitch, volume, articulation
B) posture
C) facial expression
D) physical space
E) gestures
F) touch
G) eye contact

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https://www.autoeurope.com/travel-blog/european-hand-gestures-body-language-culture-crash-course/

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Being from a culture that thrives on non-verbal communication (Italian), and teaching in an inner city school where the majority of our students are immigrants or from immigrant families, I have noticed a difference in how various cultures use non-verbal communication in different contexts than in Canadian culture. I am interested in comparing and contrasting these differences and noting how different non-verbal communication methods are effective in teaching ELLs.

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How does the use of non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions, body language) impact the teaching of ELLs and their comprehension, specifically in regards to East-Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Afghani, Sri Lankan), Eastern European (Syrian, Czech, Roma), and Caribbean, taking into account the cultural differences in non-verbal communication?

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Cultural barriers to effective communication

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Cultural barriers to effective communication

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https://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/cultrbar.htm
www.businesstopia.net/communication/cultural-barriers-comm
1. Cognitive constraints
2. Behaviour constraints
3. Emotional constraints

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https://goo.gl/images/SwX4qD
https://goo.gl/images/LaATVM
https://goo.gl/images/HE1881
https://goo.gl/images/TMqgus
Diagrams/images of non-verbal communication