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Maddy begins to worry more about Beverly's freedom. Even though Sally and her children are enslaved, she has raised them alone and well. Master Jefferson's daughter, Martha has many children, who sometimes make bad choices. Regardless of race, social class, wealth, problems come in all colors. Mama asks Beverly to look after Harriet when they leave Monticello. Harriet says, "You taught us well, we'll do fine.

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Had children:Beverly, Harriet, James Madison...
Slave at the Monticello plantation
Beverly's mother
Had children with Thomas Jefferson,
She went went to France when she was 14 as a nursemaid to Maria, T.J.'s daughter,
learned to speak french and lived there for three years

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beverly's family: Sally Hemings (mother), Jefferson (father)
Sisters:Harriet, Thenia, Harriet.
Brothers:James Madison, Thomas Eston.

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Likes kids: gave Beverly a kit violin
He is smart
Writer thinker polytician reader
Named Beverly
glad because Beverly plays violin well.
curious: he asks why Joe went to see Edith

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Beverly's father
Politician, writer, thinker, reader
wrote the Declaration of Independens
secretary of state
purchased the Louisiana Purchase
3rd President of the US
His wife is Martha Wayles. her father, Mr.Wayles is Sally's father too. He was also the father of Sally's siblings. When he dies, Jeff inherits his slaves.

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Sally doesn't want Beverly to call T.J. papa ever again. It is to keep it secret
a secret that every body knows, Sally said. She tells to Beverly some about slavery and T.J. He didn't realize that he and Mama were slaves. And that Mama and Master Jeff' can't marry because it's illegal

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Grazed: To touch causing slight damage
pickaninny: Small black child
Cope: Deal with something difficult.
Glared: stare in an angry or fierce way
Kin: One's family and relations
Forged: Make or shape by heating in fire
Overseer: someone who supervise others
Chaperone: person who accompanies and looks after another person
surged:Moving suddenly and powerful
Chaos: complete disorder
inferior:Lower in rank status
astonishing: extremely surprising
palming: hit with palm

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Son of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson

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Son of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson

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Character traits:
Sarcastic pg6
Curious pg9
Obsevant and Smart pg4-7
*confused, doesn't understand why he shouldn't tell the"secret"
proud: he wants to play violin to        T.J. He wants him to be proud too
Scared: afraid that they are gonna have to whip   Joe
Imaginative thinks about how it would be if mama was married to Jeff.

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Joe Fossett announces to the mountaintop people that James Hubbard ran. Hubbard had a fake pass and got caught and went to jail. Mama explains about slavery to her children. It is very confusing, especially for Beverly who asks a lot of question. Mama explains that they will be freed by T.J. when they were 21.
"Nobody is a slave on their own... That makes yo a slave, thatsays you have to be one that saysyou're different from somebody who isn't a slave. The difference is other people who makelaws and put other people into slavery and work to keep from there.(pg.35)

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She doesn't want to be related to them, she can't tolerate them
T.J.'s daughter

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Where the African American slaves worked and lived

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cooked their own food in their cabins

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Mountaintop people: worked in the Great House

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Mountaintop people: worked in the Great House

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ate their meals in the kitchen in a groupe

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Unfortunately, James Hubbard receives a harsh punishment. Mama makes her children watch so they understand the difference between the Hemings' life at Monticello and the others'. She explains that all that James Hubbard wanted was to live his life."Running away is not wrong. Sometimes laws are wrong." Beverly has a hard time understanding that T.J. ordered the punishment. He doesn't know T.J. that way only he gave him a violin and a great smile.

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Parthenia, the great grandmother, came from Africa. She was captured and put on a ship to Williamsburg VA. Mr.Francis Eppes purchased her.
"Your great grandma wasn't born a slave... She didn't have something wrong her turn ed her into a slave. She didn't do something wrong. She didn't deserve to be captured..."(pg56)

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Captain Hemings
a merchant from England. They had Elisabeth Hemings, who is Beverly's grandma , and Sally's mother.

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Sally was Miss.Martha's chaperone in France. She knew she could have stayed in France. She knew how to find a job . She was paid a wage. Why did she come back? T.J.'s term was over, and he was going to come back. She was going to have a baby and her family wasn't here. She was loyal to T.J. and to Miss.Martha.

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Miss Martha and her grumpy husband had 6 children along with T.J. to live in Monticello. They are home for Christmas. Miss Edith comes home with her baby James to see Joe Fossett. Beverly hopes to see T.J. and have conversations with him. Sally walloped Beverly for

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Beverly is crying because he is scared that they will hurt Joe Fossett, mama reassures him saying he didn't run from Jeff. he's running toward Miss Edith.
Joe runs to make the trouble between him and Edith right. Mama went to the Great House. Mama says it will be alright until Jeff. doesn't take Joe's leaving personally. Beverly goes back to the great house  and he sees Jeff' door open he looks in the room and sees jeff writing a letter but to who. nobody  heard of joe for over a week, the blacksmith shop fell apart. long after, joe was caught, he wasn't gonna be whipped because they found him in the President's house with Edith

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The rules of the great house was not to steal anything that belonged to master Jeff. Punishment was a whipping. Taking vegetables wor other food from the slave community, that was stealing to. But taking or helping yourself with handful amounts of food from the gardens was justice. It was the way to be fed
The Hemings have a privilege, master jeff provides them of what they need
Beverly runs in TJ and his grandaughter, Ellen, he feels invisible and grumpy because he feels ingnored by master jeff
Beverly wants his father to acknowledge him. Mama and Uncle John tell him that

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Nostalgic about her times she had in France.
Friends with miss Martha
She talks about why she goes to France
 Angry: when Beverly calls Jeff. "Papa," and when Beverly tries to meet with Jeff.
Caring:loves her children, Harriet, Beverly and Maddy, wants to be with her family thus returning from France 
Truthful to her children, that Jeff was his father. Tells them about slavery. Made them watch the whipping 
When they are 21 they will be freedShe knows how the institution of slavery works she understands the laws.
Wise knowledge of the future of her children , she made Jeff promise that her children would be freed 
Strict: hit Beverly when he called Jeff papa. Then gives them a sterner warning 
empathetic:she talks to master jeff and intervenes on the behalf of Joe Fossett and Miss Edith
Discreet: she makes sure that her secret is safe

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Three important things happened in the second half of 1807
Joe is now the head of blacksmith he can earn his money for his family
he became blacksmith because the Stewart was a common drunk and set Joe's pants on fire
2. Sally was having another baby Thomas Eston and Miss Martha is having her 8th baby
3. Beverly figured that in order to be a lady, Harriet would have to be white
white people make rules in this country
the lines of hearth mean that mama showded Beverly

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Thomas Eston is born on may 21, 1808. Jeff named him after one of his friends,
Thomas Eston . Mama said it wouldn't do to call him Thomas, so she called him Eston. Beverly s big brother was named Thomas to, but he died so soon, he could hardly breathe before he died. Jeff wasn't here for the baby when he was born. He was in Washington. One more year and he will stay here at home with us. Beverly is now a carpenter.
Anything could happen, jeff could die all of a sudden. You'd belong to miss Martha then. and heaven knows what she would.
"You can't steal love, you can't sell it. It can't run away." Said Uncle John.
Finally, pa was coming home to stay

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Everything sounded like happiness, Jeff was coming home to stay with his carriage, Beverly was so exited, john didn't care if he stayed in the shop so he went out,
Finally, they arrived, but Beverly couldn't find mama, then he saw her next to the Great house porch, she looked like she was waiting for something without being in a hurry,
They open the carriage and helped Jeff going out of it
He found mama

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The return of Jeff is chaotic, Miss Edith comes as head chef
Monsieur Julien accompanies her to help design a new kitchen
There is a fancy equipment such as copper pots
Sally had white friends in France. France didn't see African American as inferior, Class matters in France, there you can be any color, but if you start lower class you couldn't end up a gentleman
Beverly and M.Julien have a conversation about mama and miss Edith Julien tells Beverly that he and his   white
Beverly feels sad for miss Edith and mama for what  they may have had if they were free
Beverly resents the fact that Miss Martha is going to live at Monticello.

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Miss Martha has begun to dislike Beverly even more. He looks like Jeff. Sally keeps telling him that he can't be saying  that he is his father. She worries about his future. Beverly would never be free if he became a famous slave. he wouldn't be able to, pass,Jeff will never treat his children as if they were his. Jeff visits Beverly at violin lessons. Beverly tries to quit hoping
Harriet comes back to great House, and declares, there's nothing in that house

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Maddy answers the door of the Great house, and begins to talk to the white man who is a guest. The white man mistook him for a white boy, he becomes angry when miss Martha and her well educated children come to the door. he realizes by the clothing that the children are wearing from his mistake. Maddy is at the Great house because miss Ellen, Miss Martha's daughter , is teaching him to read. Maddy already understands that he is black and a slave until the magical day of freedom. He is smarter because he has learned as well as Beverly and Harriet. Miss Martha's worst fear is that all the guests would figure out the truth about Maddy's family. mama decides it's ok for Maddy to learn to read because no one can take it away from him. He will teach everyone else to read.

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Quelled: to put an end to
nonsensical: making no sense
solemnly: causing serious thoughts
crossed:mixed
bound: tied
inherit: to take or receive
apprenticed: work in order to learn
unnerved: deprive courage
extravagance: fantastic excess
scorn :disdain
wary: watchful
panic: worry, stress
meager: deficiant in quantity
indignation eager

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James's the son of Edith and Joe. He and Maddy went fishing when an overseer that needed a water boy guesses that Maddy is Sally's son. He chooses James instead. Maddy , mad, heads over to the kitchen where Miss Edith is cooking for a crowd. She asks him why he isn't with James? he tells her that the overseer chose James as a water boy. Edith gives him a hard look, and he asks her if he can help in the kitchen. he picks the beans in the kitchen, and realizes that he got out of work not because he was Sally's son but for being Jefferson's. That was something neither he or Edith could say. (133)

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Both Miss Ellen and Maddy have something in common, Both can't achieve something:knowledge
Miss Ellen wants to go to college but society doesn't allow it  because she is a girl
Maddy as a enslaved person wasn't allowed to learn to read or write because society does't allow it.

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Master Jeff had a mockingbird that died. James and Maddy went hunting for one. They capture it and bring it to Master Jeff. Jeff pays em 50 cents each. Maddy feels guilty because he put the bird into slavery: The bird had been free and now it is a slave. Maddy gets in a fight with James about being paid. Maddy wanted to give the bird, and james wanted the money

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Mama told Maddy it was time learn the violin. Maddy was glad, but he was still sad that he sold the mockingbird to Jeff. Mama tried to console him by saying that he'll be free and the others too. Mama says that Maddy has to keep loving James even if James is mad at him. Maddy wishes Joe was his dad.Maddy, Beverly and Eston went to the violin lessons. when they arrived, Eston took a violin and started playing. Jesse said that when he had long enough arms, Jesse will teach him. A week after, James went in Maddy's cabin and asked him to go fishing and he said yes;

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He ran away again, he was going to be whipped. Beverly said it was to hard. Then he covers eston with his hand so he can see.

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Maddy gets to learn alone now since Miss Ellen gave him now his own primer He is sad because miss Ellen says she can't learn to him anymore because Mama learned about the teaching and she doesn't allow it.

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Mama tries to make Maddy feel better because he is different
Jeff draws up plans for a new landau to take him to Poplar forest, his other farm. Miss Martha has her seventh child, septimia, she called her, maddy thinks it's a strange name because it sound a disease.Maddy finds Miss Ellen and tells her his reading is coming along they plot to plant a book in potatoes. Miss Edith Finds it and nonchalantly gives it to Maddy, who then reads it to Harriet and tells the Aesop fables to everyone on Mulberry row

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Rumors say that Jeff is running out of money, but nobody knows whether or not they are true
Gallons of white whine arrived at Monticello, it cost a lot
Harriet was turning 13, she wasn't a woman yet, but close
Miss cornelia asked Harriet as her maid
Maddy and James planted melon seeds, by the time winter came, they had grown35 melons. Maddy saved his money, everything added up to $1.8, he said he would keep it for when he needed it Eston had no money but he said he would by a violin, he said that people would pay him to hear him play, Maddy said nobody would pay him, but beverly Just gave Eston a penny to hear him play money Musk. Aston and Beverly looked happy, they were like their father, only Maddy didn't.

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Maddy got his first pair of shoes at Give-out time, he learns new words, like Apocalypse: the end of the world, he asks if it's going to be like an apocalypse when Jeff dies, that people talked about money, but worry too.

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In the beginning of the chapter, T.J. sells his books to the  Library of Congress for $2o,ooo because the money problem were bad. Maddy wondered how long it will  take for the money to last and how many field hand socks it could buy. Maddy worries that he isn't going to pass . "I worry that it is always going to be different for me." (pg 198) Miss edith and joe Fosset have a new baby named Peter. Maddy and James are both exited for him

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Mr Beacon, the overseer, comes to the kitchen to announce that James is going to Edgehill, Mr Randolph's farm Miss Edith, Maddy, and Sally are all POWERLESS to help James.          Maddy wasn't sure who he hated more, papa or mama. Maddy and Beverly talk about the slaves, who were field hands that had been sold by T.J.Maddy understand that master jeff is unfair. Joe Fossett tells Maddy he's going to miss his son. It connects to everyone because they all feel the same way. Maddy talks with Joe Fossett, and he learns that some of Joe's kin became free: his mama, Sally, his sister, and his brother, Robert. He and his sister, Betsey were kept by Tj. Joe has a hard time believing that James was sold. Harriet explains to Maddy that slaves don't have ANY say or choice. She asks him, "What do you think slavery is?" Harriet tells Maddy to ask mama about her 11 brothers and sisters.

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What did Master Jeff see when he looked at Maddy, his slave, or his son? Maddy wrestles with his anger about Jeff selling James. Neither his mother or Maddy understand why he sold James, and why to Mr Randolph. Jefferson's wheat crop has not been profitable. Maddy is concerned about Jeff having no money and his debts. Jeff is running races with his grandchildren when Lewis knocked him down. He gets the wind knocked out of him. Maddy tells Beverly who said it was a good thing that he'd helped Jeff. Maddy had pushed away his anger

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James is really nuts for Peter. He wants Maddy and Eston to play the violin for Peter .

Maddy starts working as a carpenters apprentice with Uncle John and Beverly. Uncle John shows him the webster dictionnary, and Maddy asks him if he could look up his words in the primer. Maddy decides to look up th e words in the Declaration of Independence. He decided theentences were to complicated. Beverly Uncle, and him talked about Slavery.
"Government rules  by content of the people."  meaning that slavery isn't a government, and if it was, they could get rid of it. James and Maddy decided to save up enough money to free themselves and Peter. Maddy worries Papa is going to die before he is twenty-one. He trusts mama, not Jefferson

One evening dinner, a guest stares at Beverly and Maddy and at T.J. Maddy realizes how that they looked like T.J. The guest is shocked. Maddy asks what Beverly will say when he is 21,, what is he going to tell people about his parents when he is twenty-one. Beverly says he will just say that it's none of their business

Jan 1st, James Fosset is sold by Jeff

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Master Jefferson sends uncle John Beverly and Maddy to Poplar Forest. They are having a great time along the way. Maddy asks Beverly if it's like freedom, but Beverly says it's nothing like it. They have a conversation about white people making rules for black people. A black who doesn't follow the rules is a dangerous man in the eyes of white people. A black person who doesn't follow the rules doesn't live a long time. He tells Beverly that he needs to be white inside and out. "Don't you ever tell."

Maddy's turning point is when he cuts his hand on the saw. Master Jefferson takes care of him; He sends for the doctor who gives him stitches. Life at Poplar Forest is different because jeff has a secret side where he acts like the father of his two sons. Beverly says "We are his children whether he thinks about us that way or not... He loves Mama... Il"ll give him that."

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In the summer of 1919, disaster after disaster strikes Master Jefferson. It's so hot that the crops died. The country went into a panic. Therefore, the bank failed and the people lost their money. Everyone is worried at monticello. Maddy, Sally, Harriet, and eston are concerned about Beverly has a job. At poplar Forest, a Hailstorm strikes, and destroys the property. Maddy, Uncle John, and Eston go there and find Burwell very sick. Master Jeff suffers from arthritis. Miss Elen and Miss Cornelia order Maddy around. M. Jefferson receives a letter from M.Nicolas and learns that he is responsible for a 20,000 loan

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Beverlt returns because he is bad at lying and he can't make up his own story alone. Black folks have paper or they don't. A white person wants to know who they belong to and if the- are supposed to be. Harriet make shim a story for them to tell, but Maddy says he'll be OK alone

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Peter is the luckiest boy because he mom's the best cook, and his father is the best blacksmith. he has no responsibility except that he takes care of Master Jefferson's horse eagle. He lives at Monticello, the best place. Maddy and Peter talk about freedom;"Don't ever let anybody make you believe that it's fair."

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In the summer of 1822, Peter worries about being sold. his father tells him that he'll always tell him the truth.

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In 1822 Maddy and Uncle John build new house steps as carpenters. Maddy explains to Peter even the little details matter. They also talk about the importance of Peter learning to read. Jefferson lumbered down the porch and broke his arm. all of a sudden, all the newspaper men come and want to write about the broken arm. They wander down Mulberry Row and start to ask question: they asked Joe if he like being owned by Jefferson, he answered that as long as Jefferson is alive , everything is fine.
Peter and Joe talk about what would happen if Jefferson died. Joe believes there isn't a will because Sally tells him that MJ devides his property between his daughters. Peter still refuse to read. Peter senses that there is something wrong at Monticello. everyone is concerned that MJ will die. The debts are increasing, a merchant came to the door and asked payment. Peter learns that his daddy has 365 dollars

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"We the people hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are LIFE, LIBERY, and the PURSUIT of HAPPYNESS"
Old marqui de Lafayette pays a visit. The two old men burst into tears when they saw each other. Maddy explain to Peter what these words meant. That is obvious that everyone know them.

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Master Jefferson runs out of money, Miss Martha and Miss Ellen have a conversation over Monticello's decline. Peter overhears the talking while serving breakfast. Miss Martha says that they can sell some extra negros