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Founded as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or the German Workers Party (DAP) sometime in 1919 by Anton Drexler, a locksmith.

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Hitler, who had been spying on left-wing political groups as an army informant, was investigating the DAP. He decided joined after being attracted by its philosophy.

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Hitler left the army to become a full time political agitator. He changed the name to the Nationalist Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP), and gave the party its swastika emblem as well as it's drive (25-point programme). The programme embraced elements of socialism and nationalism. The socialist aspects were forgotten later on.

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Hitler became the Party's chairman.

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The SA, a paramilitary force, was created. The Völkish Beobachter (People's Observer) was established as a Nazi newspaper. Regional branches (Gau) were established.

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Benito Mussolini took control in Italy through a 'March on Rome', which inspired Hitler to attempt a similar coup.

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November 8-11 1923 (Munich/Beer Hall Putsch)

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November 8-11 1923 (Munich/Beer Hall Putsch)

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On November 8th, Nazis interrupted a political rally in a Munich beer cellar. Three right-wing Bavarian leaders, including Gustav von Kahr, were persuaded to agree to Hitler's plan to march on Berlin and establish a new government. Immediately after the meeting however, Kahr contacted the police and army. On the 9th, Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff led around 2,000 armed Nazis through Munich, and were met with police intervention. Shots were fired and Ludendorff was arrested. Hitler fled the scene, but was arrested two days later on the 11th.

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Failed as a coup, but was a propagandist success. Hitler's speech at trial gained massive amounts of publicity, and, though he was charged with high treason, he was sentenced to only 5 years due to a sympathetic right wing judge. He was also banned from speaking in public. He was released after 9 months, time he spent writing his semi-autobiographical book Mein Kampf.

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The Nazi Party began to change it's tactics, tightening it's party discipline. Once Hitler was released from jail in December of 1924, he immediately began to reorganize the party, setting up the SS (Schützstaffel) on April 4th, 1925 as AH's personal bodyguard. The SA was refounded in 1926.

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The NSDAP tried to spread the influence of Nazism through democratic means, but were hindered by the prosperity of the Weimar Republic. They did find energetic recruitment in the middle class and the farmers of northern Germany however, who did not benefit from the Weimar Republic.

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On the 14th of February 1926, Hitler called a special Nazi Party conference at Bamberg in response to the building tensions between northern and southern sections of the party. The northern section (led by Gregor Strasser) wanted to emphasize the socialist elements of the 25-point programme. The southern section wanted to emphasize the racist and nationalist elements of the programme, as that is what attracted the middle class and the farmers. Hitler decided at the conference that the points that could be perceived as "communist" would not be pursued, but he still reaffirmed both the nationalist and socialist elements of the programme. He also established a Führerprinzip, exerting himself as the absolute leader of the party.

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*Official founding of the Hitler Youth, an organization dedicated to indoctrinating Nazi Ideology into young boys (aged 10 to 14).

*It's origins date back to 1922, but it was officially recognized as the 'Hitler Youth' in 1926.

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The Bavarian government lifts Hitler's public speaking ban. Later in May, for the first time in years, he addresses 5,000 people in Berlin.

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The Nazi Party participates in the elections, which they hadn't done before as they refused to acknowledge the Weimar Republic as a legitimate government. They won only 12 seats (2.6% of the vote).

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Hitler joined the DNVP (Deutschnationale Volkspartei), the right-wing German National People's party. They campaigned against the Young Plan (August 1929), the plan that had been negotiated to ease the reparations burden. By December of 1929, membership of the NSDAP had increased to 178,000.

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Heinrich Brüning is elected chancellor, though he had no majority in the Reichstag and relied on president's emergency decrees.

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The Nazis become the second largest party, obtaining 107 seats and 18.3% of the vote. Their campaign was described as "a display of energy, demand for discipline, sacrifice, action and not talk" by historian Alan Bullock.

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SA is purged of Berlin SA leader Stennes. Joseph Goebbels is put in charge a more centralized Reich Propaganda Leadership. In October, the Harzburg Front, an alliance between the nationalist, conservative elements and Hitler, attempted to overthrow Brüning's government. Although the attempt failed, it led to an increase in Nazi growth.

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Hitler gains 37% of the vote in the presidential elections in March. The SA was banned in April. The Nazi Party gained a similar percentage of votes in the July elections (37.3%, 230 seats). Although this was a significant improvement, it was still less than an outright majority, and the Nazis were financially exhausted after two elections in quick succession. In August 1932, Hitler asked Hindenburg to be made Chancellor. His request was refused.

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Economic depression continued to affect German citizens (nearly 6 million unemployed by 1932, a significant increase from 1931's 4.5 million and 1929's 2 million). The proposed agrarian reforms angered the powerful Prussian landowners (Junkers) as well as Hindenburg. In May of 1932, Brüning resigns, and is replaced by Franz von Papen in June of that year. The SA ban was also lifted in June of 1932.

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The Nazis lost 2 million votes in the election (decreased to 196 seats, 33.1% of the vote). Franz von Papen, who's government faced pressure from a hostile Reichstag, was dismissed by Hindenburg in November. Hindenburg turned to Kurt von Schleicher.

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Von Schleicher attempts to ally with socialist Nazi Gregor Strasser in order to emphasize the more socialist elements of the Nazi Party. However, after Hitler demanded total obedience from his followers, Strasser resigned. The Nazi Party began to face serious financial problems, as well as a radical pressure to seize power. Von Papen schemed against von Schleicher to get hitler made chancellor with himself as vice-chancellor. On January 28th, 1933, Hindenburg dismissed von Schleicher. And, 2 days later, on the 30th, Hitler was made chancellor.

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Reichstag fire is exploited by Nazis to show the "dangers of communism". Hindenburg, using Article 48, issued the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the Nation and the State. The decree suspended constitutional civil rights, repressed the KPD, gave secret police power to hold people indefinitely in protective custody.

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In the elections, Nazis gained only 44% of the vote. The voter turnout was the highest ever (88.8%). New Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda is established, with Goebbels as its head. Law for terminating the Suffering of the People and the Nation is passed by the Reichstag. Gave Hitler (cabinet) the power to pass decrees without the president's involvement.

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In April, Law for Restoration of Professional Civil Service was passed. Institutions such as schools, courts, and universities were purged of 'aline elements.' On the 1st of May, all trade union offices were seized, and all unions were made into a new German Labor Front.

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Church is banned from political activity, and the government set out to protect religious freedom. Employment Law dealt with major public works schemes. In July, laws were made against the formation of other parties after already banning the KPD and SPD. This made Germany a one-party state.

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In October the Reichstag is dissolved.