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March 3, 1865, Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865, Freedmen’s Bureau created

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Congress passed “An Act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees” to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.

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April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln is assassinated

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April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln is assassinated

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At Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
Shot in the head by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth

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April 15, 1865, Andrew Johnson becomes president

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April 15, 1865, Andrew Johnson becomes president

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Became president because of assasination
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 years of service

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Slave Codes: Crash Course Black American History #4

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 December 6, 1865, 13th Amendment is ratified

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 December 6, 1865, 13th Amendment is ratified

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abolished slavery “within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864; by the House on January 31, 1865; and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865

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Formed in Pulaski, TN
Under a platform of philosophized white racial superiority, the group employed violence as a means of pushing back Reconstruction and its enfranchisement of African Americans.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens, "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."
Although President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation, that veto was overturned by the 39th United States Congress

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The riot began when a white police officer attempted to arrest a black ex-soldier and an estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him
The victims initially were only black soldiers, but the violence quickly spread to other blacks living just south of Memphis who were attacked while their homes, schools, and churches were destroyed.  White Northerners who worked as missionaries and school teachers in black schools were also targeted.

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March 2, 1867, Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867, Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states
the act became law on March 2, 1867, after Congress overrode a presidential veto

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January 14th and ending March 17th, 1868, Southern constitutional conventions including freedman

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January 14th and ending March 17th, 1868, Southern constitutional conventions including freedman

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proclaimed the need for black inclusivity in the political and judicial processes
gave more freedom

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July 9, 1868, 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 9, 1868, 14th Amendment is ratified

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granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people,"
provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”

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February 3, 1870, 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870, 15th Amendment is ratified

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granted African American men the right to vote
even though they could legally vote, there were still voting blocks

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1875, Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875, Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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white conservatives in the state came up with the "Mississippi Plan" to insure their victory in the upcoming elections
this plan used intimidation of black voters and outreight fraud to guarantee that white Deomcrats would take control of the state government

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it resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and ending the Reconstruction Era
an unwritten deal, informally arranged among United States Congressmen, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election