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Lincoln’s rise caused the southern states to secede from the union and the civil war was started by the battle at Fort Sumter

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The country had begun to think of more of its citizens rights because of the huge active debate of slavery. Things like the Mexican-American war also contributed to the slavery issue by adding more land and territories.

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The North and the South were living very different lives despite being part of the same country. Their views and beliefs also stemmed from their location and what would be better for their community.

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It still echoes today in that African-Americans are poorer than European-Americans. Radical affrimative action is underway however to address classism.

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It brought a lot of land into the US.

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The North was industry and the South was agriculture.

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Their actions sometimes crazy were important part of turning conflict about slavery and not simply state rights.

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Interesting how it had a strong effect on international affairs.

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Some Black Soldiers in the union army refused pay for the first 18 months of war.

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Some Black Soldiers in the union army refused pay for the first 18 months of war.

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Lev

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Confederate President Jefferson Davis shared his name with Union General Jefferson Davis. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Union soldiers in Ohio noticed men coming. A solider asked who they were, and they said "Jeff Davis' troops." The Union soldiers thought they were reinforcements from Union General Jefferson Davis, when really they were Confederate soldiers.
- Natalie
Source: https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/union-general-jefferson-davis.html

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Davis appeared a short while later with a pistol and shot General Nelson in the chest. Nelson died half an hour later.
One Union general in the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis, obviously shared a name with the Confederate president. This circumstance didn't cause as much confusion as might be expected-with one notable exception.

During the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863, as dusk descended upon Horseshoe Ridge, soldiers of the 21st Ohio noticed a bevy of men approaching their position. Their first instinct was to assume that they formed a part of much-anticipated Union reinforcements. Still, a few of the more cautious types feared they were a force of Confederates, looking to overrun the ridge.

As the unidentified troops moved closer like wraiths in the twilight, one Union soldier hailed, "What troops are you?" The collective response was "Jeff Davis' troops."

The Ohio soldiers let out a sigh of relief and relaxed, confident that the oncoming men referred to their Union general. A short while later, they found themselves staring down the muzzles and bayonets of the 7th Florida. The Ohioans promptly surrendered.

The Battle of Chickamauga resulted in the second highest number of casualties after Gettysburg. Ultimately, it was a Confederate victory, albeit a costly one with 18,450 fatalities on their side. The name mix-up that portended the outcome was only a minor sideshow in the grander scheme of things.

https://youtu.be/mYpNz7bvB1g

The name blunder was really a stroke of luck. The Confederate soldiers could just as well have identified themselves using another general's name, like Braxton Bragg, since he was the overall commander of the Confederate army facing the Union at Chickamauga. Or they might have said the name of the tenacious Confederate General James Longstreet, who had just arrived with reinforcements.

The two aforementioned officers would have made more sense because President Jefferson Davis never commanded an army on the field during the American Civil War. Yet, it goes to show how the men revered the politician and his dream of a separate nation.
But who were these two men who shared the same name?
One was called Jefferson Finis Davis and he was the President of the Confederate States of America. The other was Jefferson Columbus Davis, a commander in the Union Army.

The two Davises had another thing in common apart from their shared first and last names. Both of them had their origins in the state of Kentucky. The Confederate president was born there, and the Union general's parents were originally from there before moving to Indiana.

Moreover, both men had military ties and might have even met during the American-Mexican War of 1846-1848. The future Union general served with distinction, which earned him high prestige. Jefferson Finis Davis, on the other hand, served as a colonel in a voluntary regiment.

However, that is where the comparisons end. Jefferson Finis Davis was a Southerner and a wealthy slave owner. He was also a twice-married family man who had six children with his second wife, Varina Howell.

After serving bravely at the Battle of Buena Vista where he was shot in the foot, he was offered a brigadier general's commission by President Polk, which he declined. Instead, he entered politics and became a senator.

Under President Franklin Pierce he became the US Secretary of War. During this tenure, he made some significant changes to the US military, raising the servicemen's pay scale and enlarging the army by four regiments.

With the election of Abraham Lincoln, the secessionist movement in the South gained traction. And although Davis believed that each state had the right to determine its own fate, he was against seceding from the Union.

When South Carolina on December 20, 1860, and then Mississippi on January 9, 1861, adopted ordinances of secession, he called Mississippi's secession "the saddest day of my life." He delivered his farewell address to the United States Congress, and a few months later, the Civil War started.

Jefferson Columbus Davis witnessed the start of hostilities at Fort Sumter-he was a captain at the time. He quickly rose through the ranks, succeeding Brigadier General Ulysses Grant as commander of forces in Northwest Missouri. However, he would never rise above the rank of brigadier general because he killed his superior officer during a disagreement concerning a slight to his character.

Davis entered into an argument with a man nicknamed the "Bull" because of his incredible height and bulk. General Nelson, or the Bull, was unimpressed by Davis's account of troop dispositions at Louisville, becoming enraged, and ultimately expelled Davis from his position.

"Go away you damned puppy, I don't want anything to do with you!" snarled the Bull when Davis approached him a week later with a demand for an apology at Galt House, which Nelson used as his command post.

Davis tried to suppress his anger at this insult and even managed to return to his room without further incident. However, the respite was brief. He appeared a short while later with a pistol and shot General Nelson in the chest. Nelson died half an hour later.

Davis escaped conviction by the skin of his teeth because of the need for experienced officers during the war. He ended up serving in the army for the rest of his life.
Read another story from us: Heroes of America: The Civil War Within the Confederacy
The other Jefferson Davis was not as fortunate. He was accused of treason for his role during the American Civil War and spent two years in prison.

Upon his release, he wrote the book The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government and focused his attention on reconciliation by telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union. The postbellum South considered him a hero and many statues in the region attest to his celebrity.

Christian Oord is one of the authors writing for WAR HISTORY ONLINE

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How was Jefferson Davis a Union General and The Confederate President?

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Davis appeared a short while later with a pistol and shot General Nelson in the chest. Nelson died half an hour later. One Union general in the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis, obviously shared a name with the Confederate president. This circumstance didn't cause as much confusion as might be expected-with one notable exception.

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The first battles of the Civil War started, and President Lincoln was elected into office.

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The first battles of the Civil War started, and President Lincoln was elected into office.

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Lots of abolitionists in the North became known throughout the U.S. 

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Lots of abolitionists in the North became known throughout the U.S. 

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New technological advances helped to boost the economy and the whole of the U.S.

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New technological advances helped to boost the economy and the whole of the U.S.

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After the war with Mexico, the U.S. gained much more land than if they had lost the war against Mexico.

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After the war with Mexico, the U.S. gained much more land than if they had lost the war against Mexico.

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There where many different uses of slang in the civil war some being Big Bug: Important person, Dog Robber: Cook, Lucifers: Matches, And even Calling a boy from the country a Pie eater.
-Lev Temple

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The first battle of the civil war had no casualties

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The youngest Union soldier's name was Edward Black and he was a little over 8 years old. He was also the youngest ever to enlist in the armed services. He initially enlisted as a drummer boy but after Lincoln ordered the drummer boys to be discontinued, Edward re-enlisted with his father. Edward survived the war but died at the age of 19.

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  "Our birth is nothing but our death begun, as tapers waste the moment they take fire." ~ Edward Young "I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it." ~ Mark Twain

Edward Black was born in 1853, and on July 24th, 1861 he signed up with the 21st Indiana Volunteers' 1st Regiment as their drummer boy. At 8 years old, it is believed to this day that he was the youngest Union Army solider, and the youngest ever since to enlist in the armed services.

Drummer boys were in use before the Revolutionary War to maintain a "pace" or rhythm for marching or charging a line. By the time of the Civil War their use had started to decline, and in 1862 President Lincoln ordered that drummer boys be discontinued in order to stem the tide of young boys being killed in the war. The drummer boy was often out in front of the advancing troops, and the enemy often aimed at them in order to cause the advancing line to fall out of step.

Edward went home to Indiana as ordered but didn't stay for long - he re-enlisted again with his father that very same year, and they both served until the war's end. He was taken prisoner in the Battle of Baton Rouge but survived to be a Civil War veteran at the ripe old age of 11.

Unfortunately, he died at age 19 in 1872, never having full recovered from the traumatic experience of war. He is buried in Section 16, Lot 148.

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"Our birth is nothing but our death begun, as tapers waste the moment they take fire." ~ Edward Young "I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it." ~ Mark Twain Edward Black was born in 1853, and on July 24th, 1861 he signed up with the 21st...

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Women fought for their rights and got education. Some schools gave education to disabled people and women.

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Mexico gained independence from Spain and Texas became independent and later became a state.

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The invention of the cotton gin made processing cotton much easier for people.

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The republican party was made and was an anti-slave party.

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A slave state had to join the union at the same time as a non slave state.

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The Civil War Started and Ended at the Same Guy's House

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The Civil War Started and Ended at the Same Guy's House

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The war started in Wilmer McLean's backyard, and ended in his parlor.
- Isaac
Source: https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/wilmer-mclean-beginning-and-end#:~:text=The%20First%20Battle%20of%20Manassas,in%20his%20parlor%20in%201865.

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Wilmer McLean stood on the front porch of his two-story brick house awaiting the arrival of General Robert E Lee. In the early afternoon on that day, General Lee, accompanied by Colonel Charles Marshall, arrived on horseback. Wil extended his greetings to the two Confederate officers and invited them into his parlor. And there, on April 9, 1865, they awaited the arrival of the other guests.

The McLean house
Appomattox Court House
(War Dept.)

At about 1:30pm, a group of Union officers arrived on horseback. Among those were Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, Major General P. H. Sheridan, Major General E. O. C. Ord, Major General Wesley Merritt, Major General George Armstrong Custer, and Captain Robert Todd Lincoln, son of President Abraham Lincoln.

General Grant and several of the Union officers entered the parlor where General Lee was waiting. For the next hour and a half, General Lee and General Grant discussed and came to agreement on the terms of surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, which, for all practical purposes, ended the long, bloody war.

Wil, a retired Major in the Virginia militia, was too old to be conscripted when that Civil War began. For the majority of the war, he was a merchant primarily dealing in the buying and selling of sugar, but, at the outset of the war in 1861, he was a farmer living in northern Virginia with his family.

The war struck close to home early on and McLean moved his family from northern to central Virginia out of concern for their safety, settling eventually in the home at Appomattox Court House. The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) took place on Wilmer McLean's farm on July 21, 1861 and inspired the move. So, in a most unusual twist of fate, the Civil War started in McLean's backyard in 1861 and ended in his parlor in 1865.

Copyright November 2002 by Simone J. Pace

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Wilmer McLean -- The Beginning and the End

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Wilmer McLean stood on the front porch of his two-story brick house awaiting the arrival of General Robert E Lee. In the early afternoon on that day, General Lee, accompanied by Colonel Charles Marshall, arrived on horseback. Wil extended his greetings to the two Confederate officers and invited them into his parlor.

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The cotton gin actually helped boost slavery and the overall value of a slave.
- Isaac

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Slaves were unable to read and it was illegal to teach them. This is also where the cornrow tradition came from.

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P.G.T. Beauregard graduated second in his class in the Army Corps of Engineers.

https://civilwarintheeast.com/west-point-officers-in-the-civil-war/class-of-1838/

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45 officers graduated in the West Point Class of 1838
21 served in the Civil War

Class of 1838 members who served in the Civil War

For Federal officers indicated rank is as U.S. Volunteers unless shown as "USA," which indicates rank in the Regular U.S. Army.

Cadets who did not serve in the Civil War
< to Class of 1837 * to Class of 1839 > Main West Point Officers page
with list of class years Alphabetical Index of West Point Officers in the Civil War
A * B * C * DE * FG * H * IJKL * M * NOP * QR * S * TUV * W

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West Point Officers in the Civil War - Class of 1838

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45 officers graduated in the West Point Class of 1838 21 served in the Civil War For Federal officers indicated rank is as U.S. Volunteers unless shown as "USA," which indicates rank in the Regular U.S. Army.

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Grant was famously a lover of Whiskey and it is said that his favorite whiskey is Old Crow which is a straight bourbon whiskey. Famously, Lincoln asked what his favorite whiskey was and due to his succes, Lincoln would send a barrel of Grant's favorite to every general in the army. (May have been fake though)
-Ethan Chen
https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2012/oct/21/whiskey-and-the-war-civil-war/#:~:text=Grant's%20favorite%20brand%20is%20said,that%20is%20still%20sold%20today.
https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/02/18/barrel-of-whiskey/

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Legend has it that when critics of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant complained to President Abraham Lincoln about Grant's drinking, Lincoln replied, "I wish some of you would tell me the brand of whiskey that Grant drinks. I would like to send a barrel of it to my other generals."

Grant's favorite brand is said to be Old Crow, a Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey that is still sold today.

With Steven Spielberg's film "Lincoln" due to hit theaters in November and the Civil War sesquicentennial under way, it's anyone's guess whether supporters of the North will scour liquor store shelves so they can sip Grant's favorite bourbon while Southern sympathizers seek a suitable counterpart.

One thing's certain: Whiskey and other forms of alcohol played a role in the epic conflict, from the tax on whiskey that helped fund the Union Army to an incident in Chattanooga that sent one of Grant's colonels home in disgrace.

"Grant was what we would call today a binge drinker," said Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park historian Jim Ogden.

And -- Lincoln's quip aside -- it was a serious matter to the North.

Chickamauga temptation

A principal responsibility for Grant's chief of staff, Brig. Gen. John Rawlins, was, Ogden said, "to make sure Grant did not succumb to the temptation ... to drink."

Grant decided before the war that he needed to get his drinking under control, Ogden said, which he did through abstinence.

But temptation loomed when Grant had his headquarters at the Latner House at 320 Walnut St. in downtown Chattanooga. Rawlins kept a wary eye on Col. Clark B. Lagow, one of Grant's staff officers who had a penchant for partying. Rawlins worried Lagow might offer Grant a drink.

"Rawlins goes to Grant and says [Lagow] must go," Ogden said. "He is setting you up for a fall from the wagon."

Things came to head before the Battle of Missionary Ridge, a key Union victory that took place on Nov. 24-25, 1863.

According to a diary from the time, Lagow threw "quite a disgraceful party" at the Latner House on Nov. 14.

"General Grant breaks up the party himself at 4 in the morning," Ogden said.

Lagow was "greatly mortified," Ogden said, and tendered his resignation not long after that.

Despite Grant's reputation as a drinker, Ogden said, "During the Civil War there is not a documented case where any use of alcohol by Grant negatively impacted his performance in the field."

Drunk in the saddle

That's not the case for Confederate Gen. Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, a Tennessean who was so drunk on Dec. 31, 1862, Ogden said, "he actually fell out of the saddle at one point" at what Southerners called the Battle of Murfreesboro and Northerners call the Battle of Stones River.

Cheatham and Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg didn't see eye-to-eye on things, Ogden said, and "that incident only further reduced Bragg's opinion of him."

Cheatham survived the war, and later earned a whiskey-related honor.

"There was an early Jack Daniel's bottle with a portrait of Cheatham on it," Ogden said.

So Jack Daniel's might qualify as a Southern sympathizer's counterpart to Old Crow, though the Jack Daniel Distillery wasn't formally founded until 1866, after the Civil War ended.

Rebel Yell, a bourbon that was created to "personify the South" and has a label showing a Rebel soldier charging off to battle, wasn't created until 1936.

Chattanooga whiskey honors lee

Chattanooga had its own brand, Deep Spring Whiskey, that was launched in 1866, the same year as Jack Daniel's. It had advertising that paid homage to the Confederacy.

A Deep Spring Whiskey poster shows Gen. Robert E. Lee on horseback, surrounded by soldiers carrying aloft Confederate flags. In the foreground, a female battlefield nurse holds a hefty glass of whiskey to the lips of a wounded Rebel soldier. A case of Deep Spring Whiskey is shown near his bandaged leg.

"Deep Spring distillery was on the south end of what today is the Market Street Bridge," said Joe Ledbetter, co-founder of the modern-day Chattanooga Whiskey Co., which has sold some 3,000 cases of Chattanooga-branded whiskey since starting up six months ago. The whiskey is distilled in Indiana, because distilleries aren't allowed in Chattanooga, but Ledbetter's business is campaigning to repeal the law prohibiting distilleries here.

Civil War re-enactors who wanted to get their whiskey right wouldn't want to buy a bottle off the shelf, anyway, because that's not how Civil War soldiers drank, said Michael Veach, Associate Curator for Special Collections at the Filson Historical Society in Louisville, Ky.

"The major package for selling whiskey was the barrel. You would take your flask or your jug to the liquor store or saloon and get it filled there," said Veach, who's authored a book due out in February: "Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey an American Heritage."

"It wasn't bottled by the distiller," Veach said. "Bottles were very expensive at that time, because they had to be hand-blown."

Whiskey Part of U.S. history

While discouraged by the Army brass, soldiers did whatever they could to get their hands on booze.

"Alcohol was an extremely pervasive part of United States culture," Ogden said.

The South prohibited bourbon distilling during the war, Veach said, partly because corn was needed to feed soldiers.

"The other big thing was, they wanted the copper for the stills, so they could turn that copper into cannons," he said.

The North kept whiskeymaking going and taxed it, Veach said.

Whiskey, and the tax on it, is intertwined with American history, he said.

"It paid for the Revolutionary War debts," Veach said.

President Thomas Jefferson repealed the whiskey tax in 1802, but it was reinstated from 1814-1817 to fund the War of 1812. The tax on whiskey was reinstated in 1861 and has remained in place since then, Veach said, accounting at times for between 50 percent and 70 percent of the federal budget.

Contact staff writer Tim Omarzu at tomarzu@timesfreepress.com or 423-757-6651.

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Whiskey and the war: Alcohol played a role in the Civil War | Chattanooga Times Free Press

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Legend has it that when critics of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant complained to President Abraham Lincoln about Grant's drinking, Lincoln replied, "I wish some of you would tell me the brand of whiskey that Grant drinks. I would like to send a barrel of it to my other generals."

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Joseph Pierce was a Chinese immigrant that served in the Second Brigade of the Third Division, Second Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He is believed to be the only Chinese immigrant to fight in the Army of the Potomac and served in campaigns in Antietam and Gettysburg.
-Ethan Chen
https://news.va.gov/50843/civil-war-veteran-joseph-pierce/

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#VeteranOfTheDay Civil War Veteran Joseph Pierce - VA News

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Today's #VeteranOfTheDay is Army Veteran Joseph Pierce (his chosen name as a Chinese immigrant). Joseph served during the Civil War.

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Ulysses S. Grant was not his real name. His real name was Hiram Ulysses Grant  and he got his name from a mistake made by a benefactor on his application to West Point. One thing that came out of this was having the name U.S. granted him the nickname "Sam" referring to Uncle Sam among his soldiers.
https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/10-fascinating-facts-about-president-ulysses-grant#:~:text=Hiram%20Ulysses%20Grant%20was%20stuck,doesn't%20stand%20for%20anything.
-Ethan Chen

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Today marks the birthday of Ulysses Grant, who played a unique role in American history. Here is a look at a military leader who later became President in one of the nation's most troubled decades.

Grant was the top commander for the Union side at the end of the Civil War and became the 18th President after Andrew Johnson's disastrous term. Recently, Grant's eight years in office have been re-evaluated after receiving poor marks for decades from many historians.

Scandal in the Grant administration and the battle over Reconstruction had led historians to rank him as one of the three worst Presidents. But in many recent surveys, Grant has escaped the bottom tier in presidential rankings.

Here's a quick list of 10 interesting Grant facts that put his career in perspective.

1. Ulysses wasn't his real first name. Hiram Ulysses Grant was stuck with the name Ulysses S. Grant due to a mistake by a benefactor on his application form to West Point. And as with President Harry S. Truman, the middle initial "S" doesn't stand for anything. But having the name "U.S." Grant him the nickname "Sam"--as in Uncle Sam--among soldiers.

2. Grant was an average student at West Point. Grant wasn't great at academics and avoided church services, but he was a skilled horseman. His future battlefield foe, Robert E. Lee, was one of West Point's greatest students and later its commandant.

3. Grant and Lee served in the army during the Mexican War. Lee was the chief of staff for General Winfield Scott, while Grant served as a regimental quartermaster under General Zachary Taylor. Both men received high marks from their superiors.

4. Grant and Lee met twice at the end of the Civil War. After their famous meeting at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, Grant rode out to the Confederate Army the next day, accompanied by a few men, to seek out Lee. The men discussed military matters, and Grant asked Lee to ask all the Confederate armies to lay down their arms. Lee deferred, saying that was a matter for President Lincoln to address.

5. Grant wasn't a fan of President Andrew Johnson. As a general, Grant was close to President Lincoln. But when Johnson, a former Democrat, became President after Lincoln's death, the two men eventually became opponents. While Grant was a former Democrat himself, he became aligned with the Radical Republicans.

6. Grant was the youngest president elected at the time. The former general was 46 years old and never held elected office when he took office in 1869. His inexperience would be a factor in a tumultuous eight-year term amid Reconstruction.

7. Grant tried to annex the Dominican Republic to the U.S. The President wanted the Dominican Republic in the Union for several reasons: as a military base, as a sanctuary for freed slaves, and as a market for U.S. goods. The treaty was approved by the Dominicans but stalled in the Senate. Grant's fight with Senator Charles Sumner divided the Republican party.

8. Grant's two terms in office had lots of drama. As President, Grant's terms in office were a roller coaster. In addition to the fight over the Dominican Republic, Grant had to grapple with corruption, numerous scandals within his administration, an economic disaster (the Panic of 1873), the 15th Amendment, Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan, and the threat of war with Great Britain and Spain.

9. Grant was a gifted writer. After leaving the presidency, Grant became ill and was financially destitute. His memoirs, written as he was dying from throat cancer, show a clear, concise style, and his autobiography is considered among the best, if not the best, written by a President.

10. OK, so who is really buried in Grant's tomb? That's a trick question. Grant and his wife, Julia, are interred inside the tomb, but their crypt is above ground. It is the largest mausoleum in North America.

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10 fascinating facts about President Ulysses Grant

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Today marks the birthday of Ulysses Grant, who played a unique role in American history. Here is a look at a military leader who later became President in one of the nation's most troubled decades. Grant was the top commander for the Union side at the end of the Civil War and became the 18th President after Andrew Johnson's disastrous term.

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The tallest civil war general is Henry Clay Thruston who stood at 7'7.
-Ella Berger

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Full Name: Henry Clay Thruston Birth Date: November 6, 1827 Died: March 29, 1908 Spouse: Eliza Baxter Harris Biography: Henry Clay Thruston was beyond a doubt the tallest man in the Confederate Army, and was perhaps during the time that he lived, one of the tallest men in the world. He was 7 feet 7 inches tall. His name has been spelled "Thruston", "Thurston" and "Thouston", but It Is believed that "Thouston" is the correct spelling. There is a deed recorded in Vol. 19, Page 171, of the Deed Records of Titus County, Texas, dated March 30, 1889, n which he is selling land, and the record of that deed shows it to be signed as "Thouston".Facts relative to his early life and service in the Confederate Army are best set out in an article appearing in the Confederate Veteran magazine, December, 1909 issue, following his death. That article is as follows:"H. C. THRUSTON, TALLEST MAN IN THE WORLD.""The Texas giant and the world's tallest man died at the home of his son, Edward, in Mount Vernon, Texas, soon after his return from the last Confederate Reunion in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of seventy-nine years. In 1832, there migrated from South Carolina and settled in the western portion of Morgan County, Mo., then sparsely settled, a family remarkable for its uplifting and moral influence and for the physical stature of its men. Five sons ranged in height from six feet six inches to seven feet seven and a hall Inches. When the great war began, the family espoused the case of the South, and its members never faltered until the end came. In the spring of 1861, George Butler, who married a Miss Thruston, organized the Morgan County Rangers, and was elected as its captain, with Sid Thruston as a lieutenant, Hal Thruston a sergeant, and H. C. Thruston as a private. When the Federal General Lyons invaded Missouri, he broke up the Legislature and drove the Governor, Claiborne F. Jackson, from the Capitol. He also took prisoners a company of State Guards in St. Louis, shot down women and children in the streets, and proclaimed that the blood of women and children should run as water before Missouri should go out of the Union. Jim Lane and Jennison, the noted Kansas Jayhawkers, were commissioned officers of the United States army, although the government had pursued them all over Kansas, and their leader, John Brown, bad been captured at Harper's Ferry, Va., and executed. These outlaws advanced at the head of the United States troops, and plundered and burned as they went. The Morgan County Rangers, eighty strong, went forth under Captain Butler. to defend their homes and property. Mrs. Butler upon a cot was carried into the streets of Versailles, Mo., to say farewell to the company; and when our gallant captain, with streaming eyes and frame quivering with emotion, parted with her, she was calm as a summer's evening, caressed him, and told him to go and fight for his country and remember he was from South Carolina. She soon passed away. Somewhere in the South in an unmarked soldier's grave is Colonel Butler. It is 'Fame's eternal camping ground.'H. C. Thruston remained with the State Guards until after the battle of Pea Ridge, in which Joe Thurston, a nephew, was killed. The Missouri troops, under Generals Van Dorn and Price, were ordred east of the Mississippi River. In one of the fights after this H. C. Thruston was well in advance. The enemy was camped near a house from which a woman ran out shrieking, 'Run, boys, run; the woods are full of them.' Tom Tipton, a noble boy who was shortly afterwards killed, called out to her: 'Go In the house and get under the bed, or you will be killed.' About that time Thruston caught sight of their major running, and fired upon him. The major lived long enough to tell that he saw the man who shot him while 'standing upon a stump.' After that we were transferred to the 4th Missouri Cavalry, Manna- duke's command, then at Batesviie, Ark., and soon we started the Cape Girardeau raid. John Q. Burbridge was lieutenant colonel under Col. W. I. Preston. The next day we were on dress parade; and when Colonel Preston gave the command, 'Attention!' he ordered Thruston to 'get off that stump.' He gave this command the second time; but as nobody moved, he drew his saber and declared: 'I will make you obey orders.' He came running right at Thruston and said: 'What are you standing on? Thruston replied: 'I am standing on the ground.' Thruston was afterwards wounded in the side at Poison Springs, Ark., and, strange to say, a bullet grazed the top of his head on Price's Missouri raid."He is buried in the old cemetery in Mt. Pleasant, and on his monument it says that he was born May 14, 1833 and died July 2, 1911. This inscription with reference to his having died in 1911 is certainly in error as the report of his death and a picture appears in the Confederate Veteran magazine of December 1909. There are also buried in the cemetery his wife, Mary, who was born May 14, 1833 and died September 23, 1891; and two of their sons. It is not known when Henry Clay Thruston first came into Titus County, but a search of the Deed Records shows that he bought 160 acres of land from Ann Hunt on September 12, 1874. This deed is recorded in Vol.14, Page 287, of the Deed Records of Titus County. This land is located in the northwestern part of the country just south of White Oak Creek, and Thouston continued to buy other lands in that area until at one time he owned several hundred acres. A portion of this land is still owned by his grandson. He lived on these lands until his last few years when, due to his health, he moved into Mt. Vernon and lived there with his son, Edward, until the time of his death. He was known among his acquaintances in this area as Colonel Thouston. It seems that practically all Confederate veterans in their later years either became Major or Colonel. His acquaintances pronounced his name as "Thuston. For many years following the Civil War, he spent most of his time in traveling with circuses, and was always billed in these side shows as being "The World's Tallest Man". In order to accent his height, he wore a tall beaver hat, high-top boots and a long coat. As one of his acquaintances said: "This made him look to be 10 feet tall". In those days, one of the big events of a circus coming to town was the parade through the downtown section, and when the circus that Thouston was with was showing in any of the Confederate States, he would always walk in the lead of the parade carrying a large Confederate flag over his shoulder, and this was one of the most popular things of the parade. Then on the other band, when they were showing in a Union State, he would usually lead the parade, dressed as Uncle Sam, and carrying both the Union and Confederate Flags. Judge R. T. Wilkinson, of Mt. Vernon, was perhaps one of his closest acquaintances in this area, and he says that Col. Thouston was a vain old fellow and proud of his height, and was always willing and ready to recount events of the Civil War and of his life. The Judge says that his hands were as big as hams and his feet were so large that he had to have his shoes specially made. He rode horseback quite a bit and when he was riding a small horse, his knees were usually pulled up as high as the horse's back in order thak his feet would not drag the ground. He had a buggy specially built for him with the seat built high up in order that he could ride more comfortably. In fact, Judge Wilkinson said that the old fellow always took great pains to call attention to his great height.

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The first death in the Civil War (if we consider the Battle of Fort Sumter to be the first battle), was due to an accidental discharge, which killed Daniel Hough of the 1st U.S Artillery.

https://www.npr.org/2011/04/09/135247928/the-civil-wars-first-death-was-an-accident

-Ethan Yan

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April 14 marks the date 150 years ago that the first person was killed in the Civil War - but there's more to the story.
The First To Die
The first shots of the War Between the States were fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor in 1861. Federal troops, under command of Maj. Robert Anderson, surrendered to Confederate Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard after an artillery bombardment that had begun on April 12.

No one was killed during the actual engagement, but as the Union soldiers lowered their flag, they honored it with a 100-gun salute. A premature discharge from one cannon caused an explosion that killed Pvt. Daniel Hough of the 1st U.S. Artillery. Not technically a battle death, but it did make Hough the first person killed in the Civil War.
A Special Connection
Hough had been a friend of Patrick Murphy, part of the Fort Sumter garrison and my great-great grandfather.

Murphy was a musician who had been stationed with the military band in Charleston for several years. He had married and started a family, and Hough was the godfather of one of his daughters.

Families Leave Loved Ones Behind
Women and children weren't with Federal soldiers during the actual bombardment, but had accompanied the men when they took possession of Fort Sumter the previous December. The families were stationed with the garrison outside Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island, but the location was indefensible, so Anderson secretly had them moved to Fort Sumter - still under construction at the time.

Anderson begged the government to send supplies and reinforcements, but lame duck President James Buchanan waffled. He did finally send a ship, but it was fired on by the southerners as it entered the harbor and went back home instead.

Now desperately concerned about supplies and safety, Anderson arranged for a ship to evacuate the women and children (including Murphy's family) in February. Harper's Weekly had this report on Feb. 23:

"On nearing the fort the whole garrison was seen, mounted on the top of the ramparts, and when the ship was passing fired a gun and gave three heart-thrilling cheers as a parting farewell to the dear loved ones on board, whom they may possibly never meet again this side the grave."

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The Civil War's First Death Was An Accident

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April 14 marks the date 150 years ago that the first person was killed in the Civil War - but there's more to the story. The First To Die The first shots of the War Between the States were fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor in 1861.

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Thaddeus Lowe was an air balloonist who performed missions for the Union. This gave him the title of 'Chief Aeronaut to the Army of the United States.' He also once brought General Fitz John Porter along in his balloon.
https://mb-henry.com/2018/06/07/up-up-and-away/
Also, my book ("Must The Maiden Die," by: Miriam Grace Monfredo) mentions him.

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Up, Up, and Away! - The Adventures of Thaddeus Lowe - M.B. HENRY

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Once upon a boring Saturday, my husband and I retreated to the Echo Mountain hiking trail located in Alta Dena, California. The workout and the views left us breathless, but there was so much more. I've always believed that somehow, history finds me.

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The battle at Fort Sumter was the first of the Civil War.

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Transportation came with costs like devastating train crashes and shipwrecks.

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Transcendentalism, the Second Great Awakening, women's rights activists, abolitionists, and the rise of better and slightly more equal education were big movements that changed the US in the 1800s.

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Major Parts of the civil war took place at the sea. The Union hoped to block Confederate ports and weaken their economy.

The Union force was surprisingly multicultural. Out of the estimated 2,000,000 men, about 7.5% were Irish, and 10% were German. There were also many immigrant soldiers from France, Italy, Poland, England and Scotland.

https://facts.net/civil-war-facts/

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The Secession of the Southern States Was Determined Unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Prior to the actual start of the Civil War, 11 states seceded from the Union, starting with South Carolina in December 1860, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana in January 1861, Texas in February 1861 and the last four states (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee) between April and June 1861. Although the Union eventually won the war and dispelled the new-founded Confederation, many Civil War facts deal with the question of whether the secession was legal in the first place.

The answer is no, although it was ruled illegal only after the war. The United States Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, ruled that secession was unconstitutional in 1869. Chief Justice Salmon Chase explained, "The ordinance of secession...and all the acts of legislature intended to give effect to that ordinance, were absolutely null. They were utterly without operation in law."

The Battle of Gettysburg Was the Bloodiest Battle of the Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg is one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, but Civil War facts unfortunately reveal also that is was the bloodiest battle of them all (when taking the total number of casualties into account).

After 3 days of battle between July 1 and July 3, 1863, 51,000 individuals of both sides were killed, wounded, captured or missing. This battle is not only memorable by the number of its casualties, but also because it was the turning point in the war - the Confederate Army under the leadership of General Robert E. Lee suffered its first major loss in the war at Gettysburg, giving the Union a chance of winning the war. Although the war lasted for an additional two years after the battle, it is considered by many to be the turning point of the war.

The second bloodiest battle was the Battle of Chickamauga in September 1963, claiming over 34,000 casualties. And the bloodiest one-day battle in the Civil War? The Battle of Sharpsburg in September 1862 with more than 22,000 casualties.

Read also: 100 WW2 Facts About the Biggest and Bloodiest War in History

Slavery Was One of the Most Important Causes of the Civil War

Civil War facts show that the causes for the war were many and complex, and also controversial during the war itself, further complicated by historical revisionists who always search for new answers and explanations.

The simple truth is that slavery was the central reason for tensions among the states and the Republican Party was determined to put an end to slavery.

When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Presidential election for the Republicans without winning in a single Southern state, the South felt alienated and saw secession as their only option. Secession intensified the tensions and eventually led to the war.

The Civil War Battles Were Usually Named after Geographical Features in the Area

The naming of battles in the Civil War is sometimes complicated by some battles having two names - one given by the Union and one given by the Confederacy. The Union usually named their battles after bodies of water (rivers, creeks and similar) or other significant geographical features on or near the battlefield.

On the other hand, the Confederacy named their battles after nearby towns, settlements or other manmade landmarks. Two of the most famous battles of the Civil War were the Battle of Antietam for Northerners (the Battle of Sharpsburg for Southerners) and the First Battle of Bull Run for Northerners (the First Manassas for Southerners).

The Civil War Began in South Carolina and Ended in Virginia

The greatest conflict in history on American soil began in South Carolina on April 12, 1861 when Confederate shore batteries under the leadership of General P.G.T. Beauregard started firing on the Union-held Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor.

The official end of the war is usually cited as being almost exactly four years later, on April 8, 1865 when the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered his army at the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Court House in Virginia. Although there were some minor battles and skirmishes after this date, it is generally considered as the official end of war.

The Abolishment of Slavery Is One of the Most Important Results of the Civil War

Slavery was one of the most important reasons why the war even started in the first place, so it seems reasonable to call the abolishment of slavery the most important result of the Civil War.

There were, however, many other consequences of the war too - both positive and negative: the reinforcement of the concept of "One America" with the Union and the Confederation dissolved, the preservation of territorial integrity, the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln (just three days after General Lee's surrender), the beginning of the Reconstruction Era and the establishment of the Ku Klux Klan, the extremist group that advocates white supremacy, extreme nationalism and anti-immigration politics, whose third reincarnation (the Third KKK) is still active today.

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Was a Part of the Civil War

Just three days after General Lee surrendered his forces to the Union in Virginia, on the evening of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a pro-slavery Confederate sympathiser, shot President Lincoln in the head as the President was watching a play at the Ford's Theatre in Washington. Lincoln died the next morning and Civil War facts reveal that he had premonitions about his death and expected something to happen.

Although the leader of the Union was assassinated, this couldn't change the fact that the Union had won the war. Lincoln's efforts were continued by Andrew Johnson, his Vice President, who succeeded him in office after the assassination, and their collaborators who guided the USA through the demanding Reconstruction Era that followed the Civil War.

Read also: 30 Important Juneteenth Facts And Meanings Explained

Women Had an Important Role in the American Civil War

Women legally had no right to fight in the war, but many disguised themselves as men to be able to participate. It is estimated that 400-800 women fought in the Civil War. Their motivation? The same as the motivation of men: ardent patriotism, promise of reliable wages, desire for adventure or sharing the experience with their loved ones.

But women who didn't fight in the war carried out many other important duties that supported the men who fought - a lot of women served as nurses or spies. Some of the most famous women involved in or connected to the Civil War were Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin - a book which exposed the harshness of slavery to the North - Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave who worked as a spy for the Union, and Clara Barton, a nurse who established the American Red Cross.

The Civil War Is Considered the First Modern War

Civil War facts reveal that the American Civil War is considered to be the first modern war in human history, since many advanced warfare machinery and techniques were used for the first time.

This advanced warfare included the use of mines, rapid fire weapons, rifles, submarines, railroads, ironclad ships, aerial observation and also telegraphs and telecommunication for military intelligence.

The Civil War was also the first true industrial war - a war where industry was widely used for the war effort, with civilian factories, shipyards, banks and transportation companies all playing an important role in the war.

More Men Died during the American Civil War than in Any Other American Conflict

Approximately 650,000 people died in the Civil War, making it the bloodiest conflict on American soil in the country's history. More Americans died in the Civil War than in World War I, World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War combined. All in all, 2 % of the population died - equivalent to 6 million men (and women) today.

Rifles were the deadliest weapons of the war, but the majority of men still died of disease such as malaria, mumps, chicken pox, measles and other epidemics that rapidly spread through unhygienic camps.

The Union Army Was Surprisingly Multi-Cultural

It is estimated that the Union Army's strength surpassed 2,000,000 men over the total duration of the war, including many foreign soldiers that made the Union Army a true multi-cultural force. By some estimates, 7.5% of soldiers were Irish and 10% German.

In addition, there were many immigrant soldiers from France, Italy, Poland, England and Scotland. On average, foreigners were the majority in one in four regiments. From 1863, black soldiers were also permitted to join the Union army (about 1 in 10 soldiers was African-American) - a decision that might have won the war for the Union in the end...

Read also: 50 Cinco de Mayo Facts To Celebrate About

Black Union Soldiers Were Paid a Lot Less than White Union Soldiers

Although the main purpose of the Union was to unite the USA and end slavery, black soldiers received much smaller wages than white Union soldiers. In 1863, when blacks were first allowed to join the Union army, they were paid $10 per month with a deducted fee of $3 for clothing. White soldiers were paid at least $13 per month and were not required to pay any clothes fee.

But black Union soldiers were not ready to suffer this inequality any further; they rebelled and protested by refusing their salaries for 18 months, and Congress, pressured by abolitionist congressmen, finally decided to improve the situation in September 1864 by paying fair wages to their black soldiers. For many of them this meant that they were able to send some money home to their families for the first time in their lives...

Robert E. Lee Is Considered the Bloodiest General of the Civil War

Although Mary Lincoln, the wife of President Abraham Lincoln, labeled the Union General Ulysses S. Grant a "butcher" (for the big losses his army suffered in the Overland Campaign in 1864), it is actually a general from the other side - the famous Robert E. Lee - who deserves the title of the bloodiest general of the Civil War. Losses in the Confederate army, when counted proportionally, were far greater than losses in the Union army, making General Robert E. Lee the real "butcher" of the war.

Civil War Soldiers Often Used Books instead of Toilet Paper

Civil War facts also reveal details of soldiers' lives on the battlefields that are not directly connected to fighting. Did you know that Civil War soldiers used leaves, twigs, grass, corncobs and even books instead of toilet paper? Or that they mostly ate pork, beef, hardtack, cornmeal, molasses, rice and dried beans? Or that they spent the little free time that they had on fun activities such as gambling, smoking, chewing tobacco, singing, dancing, writing letters, playing cards and even baseball? Well, now you do...

Read also: 50 Shocking Auschwitz Facts You Dont Learn In History Classes

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Top 20 Civil War Facts - History, Effects, Battles & More - Facts.net

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Prior to the actual start of the Civil War, 11 states seceded from the Union, starting with South Carolina in December 1860, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana in January 1861, Texas in February 1861 and the last four states (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee) between April and June 1861.

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Sort of like a technological boom. The cotton gin was invented, and this greatly increased slavery in the near future.
-Veer

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After going to war with mexico, the US greatly increased their land with the addition of California, Texas, much of New Mexico, etc.
-Veer

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Before the Civil War, the most prestigious hospitals would perform 200 surgical operations in a year. During the Civil War, an average field hospital would do more than that in a few hours!

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Before the Civil War, the most prestigious hospitals would perform 200 surgical operations in a year. During the Civil War, an average field hospital would do more than that in a few hours!

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Estimates show that the Union's doctors alone operated on at least 80,000 surgeries during the war! - Olivia Guido

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The Republican Party was made and Lincoln was elected into office, creating more tensions between the North and the South over slavery.

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Factories began to be popularized and with this came over-working employees. Some of them were children. They would work over half the day and only get one day off in the week.

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Texas, California, and Utah were added to the Union. In order to gain Texas, America had to go to war against Mexico.

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married the great-granddaughter of the First Lady Martha Washington! - Ella Berger

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Abolitionists made others aware of how anti-slavery was a pressing matter. They would do this through books, newspapers, and protests.

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Henry Halleck's middle name is Wager!! - Kylie Min
Source:https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/henry-w-halleck

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Henry Wager Halleck was born January 16, 1815, on the family farm in Oneida County, New York. Finding that he despised farm work, Henry ran away from home at a young age and was raised primarily by his uncle, who set him on the path to a military education. At West Point, Halleck was a favorite student of esteemed theorist Dennis Hart Mahan, and graduated third in the class of 1839. As a second lieutenant in the prestigious Army Corps of Engineers, a young Halleck helped improve the defenses of New York harbor and traveled to France to learn about European fortifications. Upon his return, Halleck delivered a series of lectures in Boston which were collected and published in 1846 as Elements of Military Art & Science. His work, which was well received in the community, is considered to be one of the first instances of American military professionalism and earned him the nickname "Old Brains."

When the Mexican War broke out, Halleck set sail for California. En route, he translated Jomini's Vie Politique et Militaire de Napoleon into English, further enhancing his reputation as a military scholar of conspicuous ability. By the time of the Civil War, almost every major commander on either side had read it. While he did see combat while out West - at Mazatlán, in 1847 - Halleck was mostly engaged in administrative functions during the war. He became secretary of state of newly-annexed California, helped draft the state's constitution, and established a law firm in San Francisco. Halleck married Elizabeth Hamilton - Alexander Hamilton's granddaughter - in 1854 and resigned from the army to devote himself full-time to his lucrative legal activities. Halleck, Peachy and Billings was one of the most prominent law partnerships in the state, and Halleck further added to his personal fortune through land speculation and a stint as president of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad. He was also a major general of California militia.

When civil war broke out in 1861, Halleck unhesitatingly offered his services to the cause of the Union, and Abraham Lincoln promptly made him a full major general. At the war's outset he was ranked only by Winfield Scott, George McClellan and John C. Frémont. In November, Halleck was sent to St. Louis to replace Frémont, who had been nothing short of a disaster in command of the Department of the Missouri. Halleck quickly put his considerable administrative talents to work, and within a few months restored a measure of order to a region defined up to that point by chaos. A series of important Union victories in his department followed: Pea Ridge, Island No. 10, Fort Donelson and Shiloh. Even though he had not led the troops personally, his organizational work had helped and Halleck, rightly or wrongly, received much of the credit.

When Old Brains himself took the field, however, his ponderous and methodical style found him wanting. He allowed Confederate forces under Beauregard to pull out of Corinth, Mississippi, unmolested, for which he was widely criticized in the press. Nevertheless, in July 1862 Lincoln appointed Halleck General-in-Chief of all Union forces, perhaps recognizing that his administrative skills could be utilized just as well in Washington. Halleck succeeded as an organizer, but failed utterly as a strategist. His time as General-in-Chief was defined by his inability to get along with or have his orders followed by nominally subordinate commanders. McClellan characterized Halleck as "the most hopelessly stupid of all men in high position" (though, to be fair, McClellan also called Lincoln "the original gorilla" and predicted that Robert E. Lee was "likely to be timid & irresolute in action"). Halleck's superiors were not happy with him either. Gideon Welles wrote that he "originates nothing, anticipates nothing... takes no responsibility, plans nothing, suggests nothing, is good for nothing." Lincoln determined that he was "little more than a first rate clerk."

In the spring of 1864, Lincoln demoted Halleck to chief of staff, placing Grant in command of all Union forces. Halleck served out the rest of the war discharging many of the same duties as before, ensuring that Northern armies were properly equipped, fed and reinforced, which he did exceedingly well. After Appomattox and the cessation of hostilities, Halleck was transferred back to San Francisco to command the Military Division of the Pacific. In 1869, he was reassigned to the Division of the South, headquartered at Louisville, Kentucky, where he died in 1872. He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. History has not been kind to Halleck, who soured his relationships with other leaders of the time and whose military promise, which he displayed so brilliantly on paper, never came to fruition in the field.

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Henry Wager Halleck was born January 16, 1815, on the family farm in Oneida County, New York. Finding that he despised farm work, Henry ran away from home at a young age and was raised primarily by his uncle, who set him on the path to a military education.

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One-third of the soldiers who fought for the Union Army were immigrants, and nearly one in 10 was African American - Jairo

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One-third of the soldiers who fought for the Union Army were immigrants, and nearly one in 10 was African American - Jairo

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John Brown's rebellion was influenced by Nat Turner's Rebellion from 1831.

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The U.S. had multiple different forms of manifesting their destiny. Also, new inventions revolutionized both the North and the South.

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The Free Soil Party was formed by anti-slavery individuals leaving their parties.

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dominic:  the cival war had two states created

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dominic:  the cival war had two states created

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two states were created during the cival war

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Uncle Tom's Cabin was a short story that spreaded recognition about South slave treatment.

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The whig party was torn apart

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Dylan Black: Fun Facts About the Civil War

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Dylan Black: Fun Facts About the Civil War

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Black Union soldiers refused their salaries for 18 months to protest being paid lower wages than white soldiers.

More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease.

Before William Tecumseh Sherman became a great Union general, he was demoted for apparent insanity.

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The invention of the cotton gin pushed and expanded the industrial revolution by far

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The invention of the cotton gin pushed and expanded the industrial revolution by far

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Many new inventions paved the way for the future and changed the economy

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Sometimes soldiers were instructed to retreat from a battle in a calm matter by calmly walking away while getting shot at.
Nicky

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Women disguised as men fought in both the Union and Confederate armies, with estimates ranging from 400 to 1,000 women who served in combat roles.
Lucas Carlson

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More than 3 million men total fought in the civil war

Over 2% of the entire US population died during the civil war.

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One-third of the soldiers who fought for the Union Army were immigrants, and nearly one in 10 was African American - Giancarlo Simonetti.
https://www.history.com/news/10-surprising-civil-war-facts

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Lincoln was almost killed prior to his assassination.

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Lincoln was almost killed prior to his assassination.

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Two years before Lincoln's assassination, Lincoln was riding a horse by his summer house, where he was shot at. A bullet hole was later found through Lincoln's hat, which he was wearing at the time.

Source: history.com

-Ethan Yan

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A bunch of new inventions made the south very rich and it also provided the north with more cotton to make clothes with this gave the north a lot of money the industry was hustling and bustling

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A bunch of new inventions made the south very rich and it also provided the north with more cotton to make clothes with this gave the north a lot of money the industry was hustling and bustling

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Abolitionists spread the message of anti-slavery through papers and books.

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One-third of the soldiers who fought for the Union Army were immigrants, and nearly one in 10 was African American.

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One-third of the soldiers who fought for the Union Army were immigrants, and nearly one in 10 was African American.

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https://www.history.com/news/10-surprising-civil-war-facts

-David Parrot

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Explore 10 surprising Civil War facts, brought to you by the authors of “The Seven‑Day Scholar: The Civil War.”

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some women had to teach them selves to get a job because of unequal education they where always treated unequally witch made their lives 10x harder.

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The 1830 census shows that in rare cases there were black slave-owners.
-Deavon Bradley

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The first battle of the civil war had no union casulties

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New inventions had made it much easier to make money and complete everyday tasks as well as farming crops.

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Woman's rights and ways of education. New ways of education for disabled people.

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New inventions such as the cotton gin made slavery more popular.

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The underground railroad was a useful way to help runaway slaves escape

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New inventions made it easier to make cotton as the cotton gin became a thing but it led to more slaves being hold captive or being sold to others

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New inventions such as the cotton gin helped make seperating seeds from cotton easier (increase of slaces.) Transporation methods helped increase trade and city populations.

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There were a lot of breakthroughs in education such as educating people with hearing and visual impariments.

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The rural poor were stubborn and were looked down upon

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Uncle tom's cabin started the people's thinking about slavery, and their rights

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Abolitionists and women fought for their rights.

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Social reform and second great awakening. Education enhancements and many women rising up to support others with disabilities.

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The battle of Hampton roads was the most devastating naval defeats for America until 1941
James

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the story of uncle toms cabin helped influence the end of slavery

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Inventions such as the cotton gin which made it easier to process cotton, and farming innovations such as the steel tipped plows made life easier for farmers. Slaves became more wanted

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the cotton gin was created by Eli Whitney and it helped removing the fibers from cotton

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That it was one of the most effective ways to combat slavery

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the cotton gin and other advancements changed life

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Women did a lot to fight for their rights, from conventions to protests. Also women did not get voting rights everywhere in America until 1920 even though they were fighting for way longer.

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southern states didn't leave the union only because of slavery

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southern states didn't leave the union only because of slavery

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The new inventions led to new ways of life and a very cotton oriented society.