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a category of artistic composition, as in music literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard

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A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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the term 'large format' refers to a camera which records images in a format larger than 4 x 5 inches.

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A curator is someone employed by a museum or gallery to manage a collection of artworks or artifacts.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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Framing in photography refers to the technique of drawing focus to the subject in the photo by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography,

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The path of a moving point

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The contour a flat object

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a 3d object with depth

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an objects internal/external space

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an objects darkness/lightness

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A objects chromatic quality

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the tactile surface of an objects

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Balance in photography is observed when an image has subject areas that look balanced throughout the composition

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring

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Pattern photography utilizes elements that are repeated.

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole.

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Movement in photography is related to the way the gear is set and also how it is manipulated.

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph

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Emphasis​is defined as an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a ​focal point.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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Each photograph is equally balanced if split down the middle, yet one is literally symmetrical and the other uses different elements of the composition to appear symmetrical.

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When a photo is asymmetrical, it has unequal visual weight on either side. But those visual elements balance out each other

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The definition of juxtaposition is placing two things together to show contrast or similarities.

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Abstract photography, sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials

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Just one color. By picking different shades of the same color, you can highlight different areas of your photographs.

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The rule of thirds describes a basic compositional structure of a photograph. The rule indicates that you should place key elements of your scene at one or more of these areas in a photo. The rule of thirds suggests placing key elements of your photo at the points where any of the lines intersect.

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Diffused light is non-directional light, where the intensity of light is even. For example, an overcast day provides diffused light.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space is the area surrounding the main subject in a photograph which is left unoccupied. Put simply, it is the space around the object itself that helps define the positive space (or main focus).

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Anything objective sticks to the facts, but anything subjective has feelings. Objective and subjective are opposites

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions. Rather than providing general advice, constructive criticism gives specific recommendations on how to make positive improvements.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow, and variations of those three colors.

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Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out (lose hue) by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors.

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A triadic color scheme is comprised of three colors evenly spaced on the color wheel. The two most basic triadic palettes are the primary colors red, blue, and yellow and the secondary hues orange, purple, and green.

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The diptych—two images combined into a single frame or presented together—originated in art as a drawing or painting in two parts. ... In photography, the diptych has become a popular format where pairs of portraits, images or themed pictures are used together to complement one another.

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A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together. But crucially, the 3 images are more than just 3 photographs set out next to each other - they work together to create something more than that. ... Some you can try with images you already have (like the first one below - splitting a single image).

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The word “pixel” means a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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The blue hour refers to the darker stages of morning and evening twilight, when the Sun is quite far below the horizon, coloring the sky deep blue

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Image file formats are standardized means of organizing and storing digital images.

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JPEG stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”. It's a standard image format for containing lossy and compressed image data.

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A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, a motion picture film scanner, or other image scanner.

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TIFF (short for Tagged Image File Format) is an industry standard designed for handling raster or bitmapped images. TIFF files can be saved in a variety of color formats and in various forms of compression

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PSD (Photoshop Document) is an image file format native to Adobe's popular Photoshop Application. It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple image layers and various imaging options.

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Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic depth of a photo.

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Midtones. A mid-tone is precisely that – all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. Most of the time our camera meter will attempt to expose for this average brightness when in 'Automatic Mode.

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Highlights are usually defined as the brightest area in a photo. ... With that in mind, I would like to redefine highlights as the brightest area in a photo in which one can still see detail.

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Sepia toning is a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown. The color is now often associated with antique photographs

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Post processing is the process of editing the data captured by a camera while taking the photo taken to enhance the image. The better the data captured from a camera to create the photo the better the enhancement possibility is.

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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Shutter Priority is an auto-exposure mode, so that means the camera uses its metering system to adjust for light in the scene to determine the final exposure. Basically, Shutter Priority allows the photographer to choose the shutter speed while the camera automatically chooses the aperture

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Manual mode is one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

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In photography, ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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ISO originally referred to the sensitivity of film—it's "light gathering" ability. ... For digital photography, ISO refers to the sensitivity—the signal gain—of the camera's sensor. The ISO setting is one of three elements used to control exposure; the other two are f/stop and shutter speed.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons

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In digital photographs, “noise” is the commonly-used term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light.

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An image sensor is a solid-state device, the part of the camera's hardware that captures light and converts what you see through a viewfinder or LCD monitor into an image. Think of the sensor as the electronic equivalent of film

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Shutter speed is a measurement of the time the shutter is open, shown in seconds or fractions of a second: 1 s, 1/2 s, 1/4 s … 1/250 s, 1/ 500 s, etc. ... In other words, the faster the shutter speed the easier it is to photograph the subject without blur and “freeze” motion and the smaller the effects of camera shake.

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Bulb mode is an exposure setting on your camera that allows you to hold your shutter open for as long as you want. When Bulb mode is set, your shutter will stay open for as long as you have your finger on the shutter button, either on the camera or via a remote release.

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In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image, and is often used in both nature photography and sports photography.

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Camera shake is one of the major curses of handheld photography. ... Camera shake occurs when your shutter speed is slow enough that it will not freeze your natural body shaking (breathing, muscular tension, etc.).

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Tripods are more stable, while monopods are more mobile. Tripods are ideal for long exposure photography and macro work. Monopods are great for steadying long lenses while on the move sports photography. You might need both stability and mobility.

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What is aperture in photography? Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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Bokeh is created by using a wide aperture to render a busy background into a soft expanse of color, turning small points of light into soft circles. his establishes a shallow depth of field which causes the background to blur.

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Put simply, it refers to how blurry or sharp the area is around your subject. A shallow depth of field refers to a small area in focus. Often the subject is in focus, while the background is blurred. ... A deep depth of field captures a larger area in focus, often keeping everything in the image sharp and clear

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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The main difference between a prime lens and a zoom lens is of focal length. While prime lenses have a fixed focal length, zoom lenses, on the other hand, have a wider and variable focal length. Prime lenses tend to be smaller, lighter and offer better low light performance than zoom lenses.

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Turn the camera's mode dial to Manual or Bulb shooting mode and use a slow shutter speed (5-30 seconds) for a longer exposure. The longer the exposure, the mistier the water appears. Use your camera's self-timer or a cable release to take the photo with absolutely no blurring.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency that is used to view the sequence

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Sometimes called light drawing or light graffiti, light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph.

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Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object. It is a way to keep your subject in focus while blurring your background. Panning is typically done on a subject moving horizontally, such as a moving car, or a running dog

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The term "Resolution", when used to describe a digital camera refers to the size of the digital image the camera produces, and is usually expressed in terms of "megapixels" or how many million pixels it can record in a single image.