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Condoms are sexually transmitted disease prophylactics. They are physical sheaths that create a barrier in order to prevent pregnancy and STIs. Originally, they were made from animal bladders, skin, and intestines. But, the modern version is usually made from latex.

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They display a unique product history that, when compared to its original uses, shows an overlap into gender history, as the product is now advertised to a male, sex-driven audience.

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“Durex: Horngry.” Ads of the World, August 1, 2017. https://www.adsoftheworld.com/media/print/durex_horngry.

“Grim Reaper AIDS Advertisement.” YouTube, 3 Jan. 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJ9f378T49E.

“History of Sex Education in the U.S.” Planned Parenthood, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., 2016, www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/da/67/da67fd5d-631d-438a-85e8-a446d90fd1e3/20170209_sexed_d04_1.pdf.

“US5579784A - Male Condom.” Google Patents. Google. Accessed November 12, 2020. https://patents.google.com/patent/US5579784A/en.

Buck, Stephanie. “Condom Ads Were Banned in Mainstream Media, until Too Many People Were Dying of AIDS.” Medium, Timeline, 27 Jan. 2017, timeline.com/aids-advertising-1980s-2b32b73beb7d.

Cain, Taryn. “History of Condoms from Animal to Rubber.” Wellcome Collection, 19 Nov. 2014, wellcomecollection.org/articles/W88vXBIAAOEyzwO_.

Center for Devices and Radiological Health. “Labeling for Natural Rubber Latex Condoms - Class II Special Controls.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, 2008, www.fda.gov/medical-devices/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products/labeling-natural-rubber-latex-condoms-classified-under-21-cfr-8845300-class-ii-special-controls.

Duffy, Mark. “What's New in Condom Advertising?” Digiday, 17 July 2017, digiday.com/marketing/new-condom-advertising/.

Health Education Resource Organization (HERO). “You Won't Believe What We like to Wear in Bed.” Timeline, 2017, miro.medium.com/max/569/1*3qvamAgI8P-8n7mlNHbKlg.jpeg.

Khan, Fahd, et al. “The Story of the Condom.” Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India, Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, Jan. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649591/.

Lieberman, Hallie. “A Short History of the Condom.” JSTOR Daily, June 8, 2017. https://daily.jstor.org/short-history-of-the-condom/.

Marfatia, Y S, et al. “Condoms: Past, Present, and Future.” Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4660551/.

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From animal parts, to rubber, to latex, condoms have developed drastically over their initial uses. While originally they were used to prevent disease, they later held the dual purpose of preventing both venereal diseases and pregnancy.

Also, the modern latex condom is more versatile and accessible than its previous versions. They are no longer a commodity for the lower class, and are instead shown as a prophylactic to diseases that affect anyone regardless of social class.

Condoms are now one of the most popular forms on birth control in Europe and the US. Modern advertisers take advantage of their male audiences to appeal to the desire for sex in mostly humorous ways.

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The AIDS crisis lead to many efforts in destigmatizing the use of condoms that carried on into modern advertising methods.

Now, condoms companies are able to advertisement through many different means, with television commercials and online advertisements the most common.

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Prior to the epidemic, many newspapers and broadcasting networks banned contraceptive advertising from their publications.

In an attempt to combat the disease that killed more than 48,000 people by 1987, public service type advertisements were made to promote the use of condoms.

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However, these advertisements came with significant audience outrage.

“As a birth-control device, such ads are offensive to segments of our audience on moral or religious grounds. Other viewers believe that condom advertising in any context inherently delivers a message about sexual permissiveness which they find objectionable…A broadcast network or local station cannot ignore the fact that condoms are also contraceptive devices.”
Ralph Daniels, NBC Vice President for Broadcast Standards (1987)

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“The routine promotion of condoms through network advertising has been stopped by networks who are so hypocritically priggish that they refuse to describe disease control as they promote disease transmission. While portraying thousands of sexual encounters each year in programming…television is unwilling to give the life-saving information about safe sex and condoms.”
Henry Waxman, Democratic California Congressman (1987)

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After scare-tactic ads were pulled, new approaches were made. Instead of dry PSAs, advertisers were encouraged to make condoms, "an act of love."

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This new way of advertising was an an attempt to remove the negative stigma surrounding condoms, the homophobia affecting the crisis, and the embarrassment produced from the condom-buying process.

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Rubber vulcanization was invented during the Industrial Revolution by Charles Goodyear. Sulfur and rubber are heated together, leading to a much more durable, stronger, and elastic material. By the 19th century, intestine and bladder condoms were outdated in favor of the cheaper, reusable, and made-to-size rubber versions.

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At the end of the Civil War, venereal diseases were a rising concern. Lower, working class individuals were among the most afflicted.
By World War I, for the German army, condoms were deployed along with weapons and ammunitions. Despite condoms being known for preventing venereal diseases, they were not used by British and American armies, resulting in mass infections of gonorrhea and syphilis.

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Latex was invented in the 1920s through a process where rubber is dispersed in water, giving them a much higher tensile strength that can stretch up to eight times before failing. This led to their mass production reaching rates at 3000 units per hours.

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Significant medical foundations were built from the 15th to 18th centuries. Syphilis was known as “The French Disease” that was protected against using linen sheaths covering the glans, fastened with a ribbon, and lubricated with saliva. Others were made from sheep and goat intestine.

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In 17th century England, fertility records indicate that condoms were as a contraceptive as well as a prophylactic. However, their use faced significant religious scrutiny, namely from the Jesuits of the Counter Reformation. They considered the sheaths sinful and unethical.

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The etymology of the word “condom” is believed to be derived from Colonel Condom of the English Civil War. The armies of King Charles I had contracted syphilis from prostitutes, which was often caused fatalities at the time. King Charles II was known to have a string of illegitimate children as well. Condom was said to be his doctor and prescribed him sheaths made of lamb intestine. The doctor’s existence is highly debated, but other theories behind the etymology come from the Latin word “condus,” meaning vessel.

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The use of the word “condom” dates back to English physician Daniel Turner and to a London dictionary in 1785. The invention of the word is believed to have propelled in popularity in the 18th century. Brothels would often sell condoms to costumers before they exchanged services. This developed into the wholesale of condoms later in the century, favoring the animal sheaths over the linen ones for the sake of comfort. Prior to this, condoms were mostly considered an item of the lower-class populations.

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The earliest documentation of condoms goes back to 3000 BCE with King Minos of the Bronze Age. After a lover died after intercourse, Pasiphae, his wife, inserted a goat bladder into her vagina to protect herself from disease.  This was said to cure the couple of their fertility troubles, as Pasiphae later gave birth to a total of eight children.

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Ancient Egyptians used linen sheaths as early as 1000 CE. They were to protect against diseases like bilharzia, caused by freshwater parasites that affect the liver and bladder.

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Ancient Roman civilizations held a lot of focus and attention into public health, specifically syphilis. This lead to the use of condom-like sheaths made of linen, bladder, or intestines of a sheep or goat.

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In Asia, there are records early Chinese civilizations using silk paper to craft condom sheaths and were applied with oil lubrication. In ancient Japan, they used sheath made from a tortoise shell or leather that would fully cover the glans.

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Marketers often use a psychological sell approach, tapping into their mostly male audience's desire for sex. It is not uncommon for these advertisers to rely on a more humorous try at the topic.

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very funny TROJAN commercial - Protect Yourself