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Procedures:

1. Assign students with worksheet (shown as example below)

2. While students are doing worksheet, ask them to record the pronunciation of each word.

Advantages:

vowel combination recognition

Pronunciations of words

*worksheets should includes fill-the-blank activities, multiple choice questions, giving examples or spelling.

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Perception:

1. Same or different? (Students listening sheep, sheep; ship, sheep)

2. Pick the correct word (Students listening ship; ship; sheep)

Oral Production:

1. Read the similar pronunciation (Green, Sheep, etc.)

2. Read the different pronunciation. (Grid, Green, etc.)

Advantages:

oral production

pattern drill

conditioning through repetition

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👄 Long vowel /iː/ in 'fleece’, ‘sea’ & ‘machine’ - English Pronunciation Tips

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Procedures:

1. Handout English vowel combination sheet.

2. Demonstrate the pronunciation and ask students to recognize the mouth shape and tongue position during the demonstration (could be a video recording)

3. Ask students to practice in front of a mirror and pay attention to the differences of mouth shape between similar pronunciations.

Advantages:

mouth shape observation

oral practice

pattern drill

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Need to research particular languages

Pay attention to how those language backgrounds may negatively impact or help students acquire English as a second language.

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How can ESL teachers help French speakers pronounce English vowels?

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How can ESL teachers help French speakers pronounce English vowels?

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French Nasal Sound -  (Monod, 1971)

French has nasal sound vowels (i.e. Pont, En)

No corresponding pronunciation in English

Vowel rounding and mispronunciations - (Commissaire et al., 2011)

French center and front vowels use rounded lips

Speakers tend not to make a contrast between /ɪ/ (as in ship) and /iː/. (as in sheep).

Vowel combination - (Giulivi et al., 2011)

There are only 5 types of vowel combinations in French.

Each vowel in English has 5+ its own combinations. (i.e. take)

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Audio-lingual method (ALM) is a language teaching method that emphasizes oral production, pattern drill, and conditioning through repetition (Brown, 2014). ALM will be constructive when teaching vocabulary pronunciation of the target language and listening and speaking skills for intermediate learners.

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Brown, H. D. (2014). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Pearson Education, Inc.

Commissaire, E., Duncan, L. G. & Casalis, S. (2011). Cross-language transfer of orthographic processing skills: a study of French children who learn English at school. Journal of Research in Reading, 34(1), p 59–76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9817.2010.01473.x

Giulivi, S., Whalen, D. H.,  Goldstein, L. M., Nam, H. &  Levitt, A. G. (2011). An Articulatory Phonology Account of Preferred Consonant-Vowel Combinations. Language Learning and Development, 7(3), p. 202-225.

Hill, H. (2005). Bon Voyage! Student edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

Monod, P. A. R. (1971). French Vowels vs. English Vowels. The French Review, 45(1), 88-95.

French language backgrounds - 26 common English pronunciation problems
http://www.tedpower.co.uk/l1french.html

French vowel combinations - a pronunciation guide
https://elysianfrench.com/french-vowel-combinations

American English for Spanish speakers: vowel combinations
http://ingles-americano.blogspot.com/2012/06/vowel-combinations.html