# data[].attributes.headline
Effect on Environmental issues (Soil Pollution)

# data[].attributes.subject
Effect on Environmental issues (Soil Pollution)

# data[].attributes.body
The potential toxic elements can be transported in various forms from toxic residues as they can be mobile in air and water. The potential toxic residues may caused air pollution that can affect human heart and pulmonary from aerosols.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
WASHINGTON, DC - Emissions from farms outweigh all other human sources of fine-particulate air pollution in much of the United States, Europe, Russia and China, according to new research. The culprit: fumes from nitrogen-rich fertilizers and animal waste combine in the air with combustion emissions to form solid particles, which constitute a major source of disease and death, according to the new study.

The good news is if combustion emissions decline in coming decades, as most projections say, fine-particle pollution will go down even if fertilizer use doubles as expected, according to the new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

Agricultural air pollution comes mainly in the form of ammonia, which enters the air as a gas from heavily fertilized fields and livestock waste. It then combines with pollutants from combustion-mainly nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles, power plants and industrial processes-to create tiny solid particles, or aerosols, no more than 2.5 micrometers across, about 1/30 the width of a human hair.

Aerosols can penetrate deep into lungs, causing heart or pulmonary disease. A 2015 study in the journal Nature estimates they cause at least 3.3 million deaths each year globally, and a recent study in Geophysical Research Letters found they cause over 500,000 annual deaths in India alone.

Many regional studies, especially in the United States, have shown agricultural pollution to be a prime source of fine-particulate precursors, but the new study is one of the first to look at the phenomenon worldwide and to project future trends. The study's results show more than half the aerosols in much of the eastern and central United States come from farming.

"This is not against fertilizer-there are many places, including Africa, that need more of it," said Susanne Bauer, an atmospheric scientist at Columbia University's Center for Climate Systems Research and NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York and lead author of the study. "We expect population to go up, and to produce more food, we will need more fertilizer."

The fact that agricultural emissions must combine with other pollutants to make aerosols is good news, according to Bauer. Most projections say tighter regulations, cleaner sources of electricity and higher-mileage vehicles will cut industrial emissions enough by the end of this century that farm emissions will be starved of the other ingredients necessary to create aerosols, she said.

"You might expect air quality would decline if ammonia emissions go up, but this shows it won't happen, provided the emissions from combustion go down," said Fabien Paulot, an atmospheric chemist with Princeton University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who was not involved in the study. That means pollutants other than ammonia should probably be targeted for abatement, he said.

Johannes Lelieveld, lead author of the 2015 Nature study, disagreed. "One should be cautious about suggesting that food production could be increased" without increasing pollution, because that "critically depends" on the assumption that societies will successfully curb industrial emissions, he said. Lelieveld pointed out that even with recent reductions in industrial pollution, most nations, including the United States, still have large areas that exceed the World Meteorological Organization's recommended maximum of particulate matter.

If future industrial emissions do go down, much farm-produced ammonia will end up in Earth's troposphere, roughly 2 to 10 kilometers (1 to 6 miles) above the surface, Bauer said. There, lightning and other natural processes may also help create fine particulates, but most of these particles would be trapped by raindrops and harmlessly removed from the atmosphere, she said.

###
The American Geophysical Union is dedicated to advancing the Earth and space sciences for the benefit of humanity through its scholarly publications, conferences, and outreach programs. AGU is a not-for-profit, professional, scientific organization representing more than 60,000 members in 139 countries. Join the conversation on , , , and our other .
Title

"Significant Atmospheric Aerosol Pollution caused by World Food Cultivation"

Authors:
Susanne E. Bauer, Kostas Tsigaridis: The Earth Institute, Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, U.S.A.;

Ron Miller: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A.

Contact Information for the Authors:
Susanne Bauer: +1 (212) 678-5666, [email protected]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Farms a major source of air pollution, study finds

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
WASHINGTON, DC - Emissions from farms outweigh all other human sources of fine-particulate air pollution in much of the United States, Europe, Russia and China, according to new research. The culprit: fumes from nitrogen-rich fertilizers and animal waste combine in the air with combustion emissions to form solid particles, which constitute a major source of disease and death, according to the new study.

# data[].attributes.body
SOLUTION : FOLLOW THE STANDARD

# data[].attributes.body
BIOFERTILIZER

# data[].attributes.body
use organic fertilizer

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Published Dec 17, 2019

Organic gardening emphasizes cultivating your garden to maintain fertile soil, plants, and beneficial insects.

This is achieved by avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and by using products that nurture the garden soil and the organic matter in it.

Proper use of organic fertilizers can give you a bumper crop of vegetables or flowers that will be the envy of your neighbors.

When you adopt the concept of organic fertilizer, your plants and crops will experience a balanced, nutrient-rich ecosystem that can work according to natural expectations.

More info Organic Fertilizer: https://www.doraagri.com/what-is-organic-fertilizer-for-plants/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Published Dec 17, 2019 Organic gardening emphasizes cultivating your garden to maintain fertile soil, plants, and beneficial insects. This is achieved by avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and by using products that nurture the garden soil and the organic matter in it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Chemical fertilizers have aided farmers in increasing crop production since the 1930's. While chemical fertilizers have their place increasing plant nutrients in adverse weather conditions or during times when plants need additional nutrients, there are also several harmful effects of chemical fertilizers. Some of the harm chemical fertilizers may cause include waterway pollution, chemical burn to crops, increased air pollution, acidification of the soil and mineral depletion of the soil.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Harmful Effects of Chemical Fertilizers | Hunker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Chemical fertilizers have aided farmers in increasing crop production since the 1930's. While chemical fertilizers have their place increasing plant nutrients in adverse weather conditions or during times when plants need additional nutrients, there are also several harmful effects of chemical fertilizers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In this article,We will know the essential problems in soil,all of them can not be neglected.Now let's go into these problems.

Soil hardening means that soil structure is destroyed,the tillage layer is hardened,and the air permeability is poor.It seriously affect the normal growth of crop roots.

Main reason

The input of organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient: the content of organic matter in the soil is low and the structure is deteriorated, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil hardening.

Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers: It destroyed the soil structure, and soil organic matter could not be replenished in time,causing soil hardening and cracking.

Agricultral measures such as repression, plowing, and watering have resulted in damage to the upper soil aggregate structure.

Major harm

Root absorbing ability declines. In the case of soil hardening, lack of oxygen causes a decrease in root vigor, does not develop normally, and weakens the respiration, affecting the absorption of nutrients.

Lead to nutrients deficiency symptoms. As root capacity declines, the ability to absorb water and fertilizers weakens,together with poor soil nutrient availability,lead to nutrients deficiency symptoms.

Crop growth requires 17 kinds of essential nutrients.In daily management,only nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers are emphasized,and trace elements are neglected.As a result, trace elements in the soil are depleted, and NPK are enriched.

Main performance

With more and more fertilizer inputs, the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables have not been improved, but have shown a downward trend.

Major harm

Physiological nutrients deficiency symptoms. Such as calcium, magnesium, iron and so on.

Poor growth of crops and reduction of quality of agricultural products.

Soil organic matter is an important part of the soil structure and an important indicator of soil fertility.

Main reason

At present, the number of crop replanting increases, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and organic fertilizer application is seriously inadequate or the use of methods is unreasonable.

Major harm

The loss of soil orgarmnic matter is serious, the structure of the soil pellets is destroyed, the soil water conservation, fertilizer retention capacity, permeability and buffering performance are reduced, and the crop yield and economic benefits are seriously affected.

Soil hardening means that the soil structure is destroyed,the tillage layer is hardened,and the air permeability is poor.Seriously affect the normal growth of crop roots.

Main performance

Due to the long-term use of rotary cultivators, most of the soil cultivating layer becomes shallow, and the effective living soil layer is only 15 to 20 cm.

Major harm

The formation of the "plough bottom" has hindered the circulation of soil moisture, nutrients, and air, hindered the extension of the roots of the crop, reduced the ability of the soil to store water, and drought resistance ability.

Normally neutral soils pH is around 7 but soil pH in many areas is less than 5.

Main reason

Precipitation or watering is large and concentrated.

A large number of chemical fertilizers have been used for a long time. At present, most chemical fertilizers are acidic fertilizers.

Major harm

After soil acidification,the number of harmful micro-organisms in the soil will increase,and the number of beneficial micro-organisms will drastically decrease,thereby increasing the incidence of root diseases.

After the destruction of the microbial environment in the soil,the granule structure of the soil is correspondingly destroyed.

Soil nutrients generally have the highest absorption rate in neutral or acidic soils. When the pH is significantly increased or decreased,the absorption rate of soil nutrients will decrease.

Root-knot nematodes prefer acid soil conditions.When the soil becomes acid, the number of root-knot nematodes will increase,causing root-knot nematode disease.

Cyan cream, red cream, hoarfrost, have you seen these phenomena? This is an intuitive manifestation of soil salinization.

Enclosed facility environment: Under cultivation,crops have a large demand for water,which causes the deep salt content of the soil to migrate upward and accumulate to the surface as the water evaporates.

Unreasonable fertilization: The overuse of large chemical fertilizers and the application of unfermented manure are the main reasons.

Unreasonable farming practices: Thin plough layer,formation of plough bottoms,and easy accumulation of salt in the tillage layer make it difficult to infiltrate, increasing the surface salt content of the soil year by year.

Physiological poisoning of salt segregants.

Causes crop physiological drought.

Affects the absorption of nutrients by crops.

Decline in soil function.When the salt content in the soil is too high,the activity of soil microorganisms is inhibited and the soil function is affected.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What's key problem about soil,Soil hardening/acidification?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Soil hardening means that soil structure is destroyed,the tillage layer is hardened,and the air permeability is poor.It seriously affect the normal growth of crop roots. The input of organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient: the content of organic matter in the soil is low and the structure is deteriorated, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil hardening.

# data[].attributes.body
When excessive use of chemical fertilizer happen, it will cause and effect toward the environment such as water pollution.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Chemical fertilizers have aided farmers in increasing crop production since the 1930's. While chemical fertilizers have their place increasing plant nutrients in adverse weather conditions or during times when plants need additional nutrients, there are also several harmful effects of chemical fertilizers. Some of the harm chemical fertilizers may cause include waterway pollution, chemical burn to crops, increased air pollution, acidification of the soil and mineral depletion of the soil.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Harmful Effects of Chemical Fertilizers | Hunker

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Chemical fertilizers have aided farmers in increasing crop production since the 1930's. While chemical fertilizers have their place increasing plant nutrients in adverse weather conditions or during times when plants need additional nutrients, there are also several harmful effects of chemical fertilizers.

# data[].attributes.headline
Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment

# data[].attributes.subject
Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Abstract

Consumer society, in order to meet the growing need for food, agricultural land per unit area required to achieve maximum efficiency and highest quality product. It is known that the nutrition of the plant is the one of the most important factors to control agricultural productivity and quality. Rates of nutrients in the soil affects the quality of yield. In the permanent agricultural land, the soil will be very poor in nutrients, as a result, inefficient. Therefore, producers, fertilize the soil, combat pests, irrigation and process of agricultural activities to make more efficient to soil. Fertilization among these activities remains a priority at all times. Recent studies, however, excessive use of fertilizers is the need for additional land outside the public and environmental health of the reported adverse affects. Excessive fertilization and mindless, but there were soil salinity, heavy metal accumulation, water eutrophication and accumulation of nitrate, to consider in terms of air pollution in the air of gases containing nitrogen and sulfur, giving and can lead to problems such as the greenhouse effect. In this review, aims to reveal environmental and health problems caused by improper fertilization provides recommendation toward solving these problems.

View Abstract

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Consumer society, in order to meet the growing need for food, agricultural land per unit area required to achieve maximum efficiency and highest quality product. It is known that the nutrition of the plant is the one of the most important factors to control agricultural productivity and quality.

# data[].attributes.headline
Article on How Chemical Fertilizer cause Water Pollution

# data[].attributes.subject
Article on How Chemical Fertilizer cause Water Pollution