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The police use downward convergence to allow criminals (possibly intoxicated) to understand what is happening and what may happen to them and also use it to help family members understand.

Doctors will do this whilst passing information to patients and families. Lawyers may do this when passing information to clients, converging to explain the Latin legalese.

They also do this whilst adhering to maxims of manner and quality to maintain neutrality and clarity.

This links to Labov's study of Martha's Vineyard.

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-Suggested that there are 3 power types.
1) Political: Power help by those with backing of the law.
2)Personal: Power held by individuals as a result of their  status in an organisation.
3)Social Group: Those who hold power as a result of social variables e.g. class, age, gender etc.

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Compliments tend to flow from those of higher rank to those of lower ranks

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The police often use scripted language designed to avoid ambiguity, linking to Grices maxim of manner, which is how clear information is given.

Moreover, neutral terms, for example, 'assisting with investigations', are deliberately used because people are deemed innocent until proven guilty by a competent court of law.

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Accommodation theory describes how speakers change their language to adapt to the society. They may converge or diverge

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2009) - Korean Pilots. They looked at the communication difficulties experienced by Korean pilots and air-traffic staff when communicating with their American colleagues. They found that difficulties were NOT caused by poor language skills by th Koreans. Instead, the miscommunication was often due to native speakers not using the agreed phrases - instead they either abbreviated unhelpful lay, or elaborated unnecessarily and sometimes used idiomatic expressions

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A lingua franca is required to allow international cooperation and communication.

Korean air traffic control couldn't communicate with the slang using American pilots which almost caused catastrophe in the form of a plane crash.

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occupational discourse,, goal orientation ect

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Said that occupational register is not always shared, but goals,

routines and social hierarchy is.

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Call centre conversations- they were highly formulatic

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A study by Haworth, Kate (2009) built on Drew and Heritage.

"Here the IR (police officer) repeatedly addresses the IE (suspect) by name, displaying knowledge of both his first and surnames. Indeed the IE‘s name is the topic of discussion for several turns. Yet after this, the IR asks the IE to give him his name . It is clear that the IR does not need this information himself, and hence that it is being elicited for the purposes of other audiences for this talk. It is interesting to note that the IE does not question this, but gives his name in full. This is possibly an indication of the IE‘s own awareness of the institutional requirements of the context, but equally it could be a response to the very formal and full terms in which the IE introduces himself."

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-Phatic talk is important in work place, allowing employees to support each other.

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-Negative semantic space for women.
-Women can't be "Doctor", only "women doctor".

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Legalese Discourse Community. Members of specific communities who share a set of common goals use specialist lexis and discourse. Have to possess a required level of knowledge and skill to be considered eligible to join the community

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Shared goals, lexis and ideas.  Teaching - goals - get results, lexis - subject specific, ideas - work hard and succeed- good beaviour is rewarded, bad behaviour punisshed