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The effect of acid rain on the environment.

What is Acid Rain or Toxic Rain ?

Ans :-
Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water, including drinking water, has a neutral pH that exists between 6.5-8.5, but acid rain has a pH level lower than this and ranges from 4-5 on average. The more acidic the acid rain is, the lower its pH is. Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. These efforts have had positive results due to the widespread research on acid rain starting in the 1960s and the publicized information on its harmful effects. The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are anthropogenic, but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes and Sulphur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters, and soils, killing microbes, insects and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health.

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Why is acid rain a concern?

Ans :-  Acid rain can be extremely harmful to forests. Acid rain that seeps into the ground can dissolve nutrients, such as magnesium and calcium, that trees need to be healthy. Acid rain also causes aluminum to be released into the soil, which makes it difficult for trees to take up water.

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A tree dying because of toxic rain or Acid rain in Air

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What are the environmental problems caused by acid rain ?

Ans :-  Acid Rain Can Cause Health Problems in People Air pollution like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause respiratory diseases, or can make these diseases worse. Respiratory diseases like asthma or chronic bronchitis make it hard for people to breathe. The pollution that causes acid rain can also create tiny particles.

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This Above Diagram is the Diagram of an Acid rain or known as Toxic rain.

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What measures are to be taken against Toxic rain or Acid rain ?

Ans :- Acid Rain or Toxic Rain : 5 Important Measures to Control Acid Rain are :-

Reduce amount of Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere.

Use cleaner fuels.

Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD).

Use other sources of electricity (i.e. nuclear power, hydro-electricity, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy).

Reducing the effects of Acid Rain by Liming.

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The phenomenon of acid rain is highly interactive problem and remedial measures to control it are very expensive.

1. Reduce amount of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere

i. Use less energy (hence less fuel burnt)

ii. Use cleaner fuels

iii. Remove oxides of sulphur and oxides of nitrogen before releasing

(a) Flue gas desulphurization

(b) Catalytic Converters

2. Use cleaner fuels

i. Coal that contains less sulphur

ii. "Washing" the coal to reduce sulphur content

iii. Natural Gas

3. Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)

i. Removes sulphur dioxide from flue gas (waste gases)

ii. Consists of a wet scrubber and a reaction tower equipped with a fan that extracts hot smoky stack gases from a power plant into the tower

iii. Lime or limestone (calcium carbonate) in slurry form is injected into the tower to mix with the stack gases and reacts with the sulphur dioxide present

iv. Produces pH-neutral calcium sulphate that is physically removed from the scrubber

iv. Sulphates can be used for industrial purposes

4. Use other sources of electricity (i.e. nuclear power, hydro-electricity, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy)

i. Issue of cost

5. Reducing the effects of Acid Rain by Liming

i. Powdered limestone/limewater added to water and soil to neutralize acid

ii. Used extensively in Norway and Sweden

iii. Expensive, short-term remedy

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Acid Rain: 5 Important Measures to Control Acid Rain

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ADVERTISEMENTS: Some of the major procedures that must be followed to control acid rain are as follows: The phenomenon of acid rain is highly interactive problem and remedial measures to control it are very expensive. 1. Reduce amount of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere i.