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A biodiversity hotspot is a region with high biodiversity. They contain large number of endemic species (species not found everywhere else)

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Many species of birds are also found exclusively in Madagascar. Some ex

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As an island habitat, Madagascar has developed a unique biodiversity with species of animals and plants that are exclusive to the island. These organisms have been isolated and adapted to the specific environmental conditions of the island for millions of years.

An estimation of 90% of the plants species and 85% of animal species is endemic.

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Table depicting number of species group that can be found in Madagascar

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Table depicting number of species group that can be found in Madagascar

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(table from Duke Lemur Center)

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Large variety of other reptiles, amphibians, and insects are also found in Madagascar. Many scientists have relied on the amphibians diversity in Madagascar as an indicator for climate change.

In addition, Madagascar is the home to more than 100,000 species of insects.

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80% of the world's chameleon species is found in Madagascar. One of the most notable one being the Brookesia nana, which is the smallest chameleons known on Earth.

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It is estimated that lemurs might have inhabited Madagascar for around 65 million years. There are more than 100 species of lemurs in Madagascar, as their diversity is the result of significant and unique abilities of adaptation. However, most lemur species have been endangered due to loss of habitats.

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Madagascar, located in the Indian Ocean, is the largest African island. It has an area of 587,041 km² and is about 450 km east from the shore of Mozambique.