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2.NOR SHAZWANI BINTI MOHD ISA 1. Early kingdomMalaysia history about early kingdom started from how parameswara sitting under the tree named "melaka" on the that time parameswara dog has being kick by a mousedeer.started from the incident parameswara want buid a kingdom "melaka" 2.Before Indepencence Malaysia is a federal constitution elective monarchy and the federation on southeaset asia. the system of gavement is closely modelly on that of the wastminister parliamentary system a lagacy of bristish colonial rule. 3.Up until September 16, 1963, Malaysia was still known as the Federation of Malaya. Two years after Singapore left the federation in 1961, the Bornean states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with Peninsula Malaya to form the new Malaysia.

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2.NOR SHAZWANI BINTI MOHD ISA 1. Early kingdomMalaysia history about early kingdom started from how parameswara sitting under the tree named "melaka" on the that time parameswara dog has being kick by a mousedeer.started from the incident parameswara want buid a kingdom "melaka" 2.Before Indepencence Malaysia is a federal constitution elective monarchy and the federation on southeaset asia. the system of gavement is closely modelly on that of the wastminister parliamentary system a lagacy of bristish colonial rule. 3.Up until September 16, 1963, Malaysia was still known as the Federation of Malaya. Two years after Singapore left the federation in 1961, the Bornean states of Sabah and Sarawak merged with Peninsula Malaya to form the new Malaysia.

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1. Early Kingdom
Malaysian early kingdom  about how malacca was create by parameswara who was a hindu that ran from majapahit to malacca and rest under a tree and saw his dog was kicked by a mousedeer. Since that he called the tree as a malacca tree and build a kingdom there.

2. Before independence
Before 18th and 19th Century Malay , Orang Asli and Kaum Bumiputera which is Sabah and Sarawak became the most population in Malaysia. Malay people is the oldest  race in Malaysia . Before Japan want to conquer Tanah Melayu, the British gave help to the Malay Army with the strategies on how to fight back the japanese. The Malaysian hero was Liutenant Adnan that fight back the japan with his intelligence strategies and his will until his last breath.

3. After Independence
After independence is August 31, 1957: The Federation of Malaya is granted independence from Britainafter close to 50 years of colonial rule. Tunku Abdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister. * September 16, 1963: Federation of Malaysia is formed by Malaya, and neighboring Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore

Then the British brought the Chinese and the Indian to Malaysia by a ship to work at Malaysia and the Chinese work at the mine and indian work at the estate and they didnt have the money to go back home so they stay at Malaysia and become the Malaysian people. So Malaysia have 3 race which is Malay, Chinese and India

September 21, 1970: Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns. Tun Abdul Razak, his chosen successor, is sworn in the following day.

* 1971: Razak’s pro-Malay affirmative action policy, the New Economic Policy (NEP), introduced after national soul-searching blames the Malay-Chinese wealth gap for 1969’s violent riots.

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1) Malaysian history about early kingdom is started from how parameswara sitting under a tree named "Melaka" .On that time , parameswara dog has being kick by a mousedeer. start from the incident Parameswara want to build a kingdom named "Melaka".
2)Malaysian history about  before independence is the earliest British settlement in Malaysia began with the occupation of Balambangan Island in 1769as a result ogf the agreement with the Sultanate of Brunei and the Sultanmate Sulu.   Britain gradually spread it influence and control over all heritage.Straits Settlement include Penang, Singapore and Malacca. In 1867, the english became increasingly aggresive and began to acquire other Malay states. Due to the civil war and the disruption of the chinese association, Britain was chosen to solve the problem of the Straits settlers. Finally, the Pangkor Treaty was signed whicvh led to the strenghtening of British power into the Malay states.
3)The history of Malaysia obout after independence is on August 31, 1957; the federation of M,alaya is  granted independence from Britain after close to 50 years of colonial rule. Tunku bAbdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister.
on September 16; 1963 , Federation of Malaysian is formed br Malaya and neighboring Sabah,Sarawak and Singapore.

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1) EARLY KINGDOM
Malacca history and legends go back as far as the late 14th century, starting from its humble beginnings as a coastal village and rise to prominence under the Malaccan Sultanate to cautionary tales of fairies and loyalty to the king. Locals believe the state’s impetus towards the development of what would eventually become Malaysia. In 1396, a Sumatran prince by the name of Parameswara fled his country out of fear of the attacking Majapahit Empire. Landing in Temasek, he killed the local ruler and established himself over the island that is now known as Singapore. A few years later, he was driven out by a Thai-controlled army and once again, was left scouting for a new piece of land. Eventually, he moved up the West Coast of Malaysia and founded Malacca. Legend says that he was resting under a tree when he saw a mouse deer kicking his hunting dogs into the river and they attacked it. Declaring the place to be auspicious, he decided to set up shop and named the place after the tree he was resting under Melaka. In 1414, Parameswara converted to Islam, leading him become Sultan of Malacca. The city was also growing into a prominent trading ground for traders from across Asia, notably India, Arabia and China. As a result, many Chinese migrants settled here during this time, establishing the Peranakan culture for the future. Malacca also established contact with the Chinese empire through the explorer Zheng He to protect their territory from Siamese forces, culminating in the marriage of Sultan Mansur Shah and Hang Li Poh.

2) BEFORE INDEPENDENCE

In prehistoric times, the region was inhabited by aboriginal people. In the 2nd century BCE settlers arrived from south China. Around the beginning of the 1st century CE, Indian traders began settling in Kedah and along the west coast of the peninsula. Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced during this early period; the Indian kingdom of Kunan was founded in the 1st century CE and Buddhist states developed to the east. The Javanese controlled the peninsula around 1330–50. The port of Malacca was founded in the 15th century; its rulers converted to Islam and traded with Muslim merchants, and Islam replaced Buddhism across present-day Malaysia.The Sultanate of Malacca was seized by the Portuguese in 1511 but, a century later, they were driven out by the Dutch in alliance with the Sultan of Johor. The peninsula then became a Malay kingdom ruled by Johor. In 1786 the Sultan of Kedah granted the island of Penang to the British East India Company for use as a trading post; less than a decade later, the British took Malacca from the Dutch. In 1819 the British also acquired Singapore. Penang, Malacca and Singapore were ruled directly by Britain as the Straits Settlements.
By a series of treaties between 1873 and 1930, the British colonial Administrators took control of the foreign affairs of the nine Malay sultanates on the peninsula. In 1896 the Federated Malay Sates (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak and Pahang) came into existence, with Kuala Lumpur as the capital. The sultanates of northern Borneo – Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak – also became British protectorates.

3) AFTER INDEPENDENCE

After the war, in 1948, a Federation of Malaya was created under British protection, but British and Commonwealth troops had to put down a Communist insurrection, which lasted into the early 1950s. It was by now agreed that Malayan independence was the answer to the Communist claim that they were fighting to free the Malayan people from the British yoke. An election in 1955 was won hands-down by the United Malay National Organisation (UMNO) by running Malay candidates in Malay-dominated areas, Chinese candidates in Chinese areas and Indian candidates in Indian ones. The UMNO’s leader Tunku Abdul Rahman became prime minister when the independent Federation of Malaya came into being in 1957. At a ceremony in the new Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Abdul Rahman proclaimed Malaya as ‘a sovereign, democratic and independent State founded on the principles of liberty and justice, and ever seeking the welfare and happiness of its people and the maintenance of a just peace among all nations.’ He went on to say that Malaya had been ‘blessed with a good administration forged and tempered to perfection by by successive British administrators’ and called for Britain’s legacy not to be forgotten or spoiled in the future. A message from the Queen welcomed Malaya to the Commonwealth and numerous Commonwealth premiers sent goodwill wishes. The Union Jack was lowered and the Malayan flag hoisted in its place, while elsewhere in the country there were fireworks, bonfires, dances and concerts.The federation was renamed Malaysia in 1963, when besides Singapore and all the Malay states it also included two areas in North Borneo – Sarawak and Sabah. Singapore opted out and went its own way in 1965.

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1. Early kingdom
Malaysia history about early kingdom started from how parameswara sitting under the tree named "melaka" on the that time parameswara dog has being kick by a mousedeer.started from the incident parameswara want buid a kingdom "melaka"

2.Before Indepencence
Malaysia is a federal constitution elective monarchy and the federation on southeaset asia. the system of gavement is closely modelly on that of the wastminister parliamentary system a lagacy of bristish colonial rule.

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1 ) The Strait of Malacca helped to create economic and cultural links among China, India, and the Middle East.   Among the earliest kingdoms known to have been based in what is now Malaysia is the ancient empire of Langkasuka, located in the northern Malay Peninsula.

2)  The arrival of the British, European power became dominant in Malaysia.  Before the mid-19th-century British interests in the region were predominantly economic, with little interest in territorial control. British were looking towards southeast Asia for new resources

3) Tunku Abdul Rahman became prime minister when the independent Federation of Malaya came into being in 1957. At a ceremony in the new Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Abdul Rahman proclaimed Malaya as ‘a sovereign, democratic and independent State founded on the principles of liberty and justice, and ever seeking the welfare and happiness of its people and the maintenance of a just peace among all nations.’ He went on to say that Malaya had been ‘blessed with a good administration forged and tempered to perfection by by successive British administrators’ and called for Britain’s legacy not to be forgotten or spoiled in the future.

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1. Semenanjung Melayu berubah menjadi pusat perdagangan Asia Tenggara apabila China dan India memulakan perdagangan mereka melalui pelabuhan di Selat Melaka. Penemuan beberapa tapak arkeologi Zaman Proto Sejarah membuktikan wujud penempatan pesisiran pantai seawal abad ke-2 Masihi lagi. Ia membawa kepada kemunculan kerajaan awal sebelum abad ke-10 yang merupakan penempatan pesisir pantai dan pelabuhan kecil. Kerajaan awal ini termasuk Langkasuka dan Lembah Bujang di Kedah, Beruas dan Gangga Negara di Perak, dan Pan Pan di Kelantan. Pada awal abad ke-15, Kesultanan Melaka wujud dan kemakmuran ekonominya telah menarik minat penakluk daripada Portugis pada tahun 1511 diikuti oleh Belanda dan Britain untuk mewujudkan penempatan atau koloni di Selat Melaka.
2. Haji Mohd Hassan bin Panglima Mat Munas yang lebih dikenali sebagai Tok Janggut kerana memelihara janggut sampai ke paras dada adalah seorang pahlawan Melayu yang terkenal di Kelantan. Dilahirkan pada 1853, beliau ialah seorang penentang penjajahan British semasa menentang pengenaan cukai oleh pihak British di Kelantan. Beliau juga merupakan tokoh agama Islam yang berjaya menarik sokongan banyak pengikut di Kelantan.
3. Selepas kemrdekaan , negara menghadapi pelbagai masalah dalaman terutamanya masalah perpaduan dan intregrasi antara bangsa.Masalah perpaduan wujud implikasi daripada pemisahan tempat tinggal , perbezaaan pekerjaan , fahaman politik , masalah ekonomi , perbezaan kepercayaan dan sistem pemerintahan penjajah.

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1.The early government that I know is that the early government in the land of Malaysia is divided into two governments namely the agrarian government and the maritime government. The agrarian government that I know is the government that performs tasks in the forest ie searching for spices such as clove & black pepper, breeding animals such as cattle & kingdoms also implement a discrete economy using irrigation systems to collect crops such as rice, maize & vegetables.
2.After independence, the Malay land was studied by the Japanese army in 1941 but they surrendered in August 1945 with the British by handing arms to the British after the United States attacked an atomic bomb on the Japanese land of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the Japanese refused to surrender lost to the british
3.After independence in our country, our country has set up a day of malaysia in 1963 which built Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sabah & Sarawak (Borneo)

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1. Early Kingdom - In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2686–2181 BC.The term itself was coined by 18th-century historians, and the distinction between the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom is not one which would have been recognized by Ancient Egyptians.

2. Before Independence - Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.

3. After Independence - On August 15, 1947, the Indian Independence Bill took effect, inaugurating a period of religious turmoil in India and Pakistan that would result in the deaths of hundreds of thousands, including Gandhi, who was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic in January 1948 during a prayer vigil to an area of Muslim-Hindu violence.

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1.The early regime of the melaka began with the prince of the majapahit king that parameswara ran to Melaka and established the great melaka kingdom.
2. before the independence of the Malay land has been erected which begins with portugis and is connected by the Dutch. then taken by british and colonized by japan. after the Japanese defeated british took back for colonization.
3. In 1956 Malaya gained independence and declared independence on 31 August 1957.

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1.Early kingdom

Before the arrival of the first Sultan, Malacca was a fishing village inhabited by local inhabitants known as Orang Laut. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, also known as Iskandar Shah. He found his way to Malacca around 1402 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits.

According to a popular legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river during a hunt, when one of his dogs cornered a mouse deer. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then and there to found an empire on that very spot. He named it 'Malacca' after the tree where he had just taken shelter at, the Malacca tree (Malay: Pokok Melaka).

In collaboration with allies from the sea-people (orang laut), the wandering proto-Malay privateers of the Straits, he established Malacca as an international port by compelling passing ships to call there, and establishing fair and reliable facilities for warehousing and trade

2. Before independence

The road to independence was not without obstacles, the biggest of which was certainly the up rise of the communists, mostly from Chinese quarters. In 1948, a state of Emergency was declared when communist rebels in Sungai Siput murdered three European planters. The communists declared an armed struggle to liberate Malaya from the British and started the bloodiest British undeclared war that should last twelve years. Eventually the communists were beaten through a combination of aggressive jungle warfare, the cutting-off of supplies and the establishment of multi-racial co-operation between the respective race-based parties in Malaya. Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaya’s first Prime Minister, declared the Emergency over in 1960.

3. After Independence

With 1957's independence, a new series of difficult decisions lay ahead of Malaya, the first of which was to determine exactly what territories would be included in the new state. In 1961, the term "Malaysia" came into being after Tunku convinced Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to join Malaya in a federal union (Singapore later opted out of the union, peacefully, in 1965). Afraid that the union would interfere with his expansionistic plans, Indonesia's president Sukharno launched attacks against Malaysia in Borneo and on the peninsula, all of which were unsuccessful.

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1. The Hindu ruler Parameswara, of the then insignificant island of Singapore known in history as Temasek, ran away with a handful of followers after constant attacks on Singapore by raiders from Majapahit.
2.  Early in 1956, the governments of the Federation of Malaya and the UK and the Heads of the Malay States agreed that the Federation should achieve independence by the end of August 1957 if possible. On 31 August 1957 the Federation of Malaya became an independent nation and joined the Commonwealth. Penang and Malacca became states of the Federation. Tengku (prince) Abdul Rahman, leader of the independence movement, became Prime Minister.
3.  August 31, 1957: The Federation of Malaya is granted independence from Britain after close to 50 years of colonial rule. Tunku Abdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister. * September 16, 1963: Federation of Malaysia is formed by Malaya, and neighboring Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore. * August 9, 1965: Singapore quits the federation following a disagreement between the leaders of the two states on Chinese communities, leaving Malaysia with 13 states.

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1) In the first millennium , Malays became the dominant race on the peninsula. The small early states that were established were greatly influenced by Indian culture.According to a popular legend,Parameswara was resting under a gray tree near a river while hunting,when one of his dogs concerned a mouse deer. In self defense,the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer and Parameswara decided on the spot to found an empire on the very place that he was sitting.He named malacca after the tree under which he had taken shelter. Malacca name comes from the Tamil word “Mallakka“ which is mean upside down or on ones back.
2)Education system exist since Malacca sultanate , with the spread of Islam in the 15th century , education was more in Islam.Started at home to mosque , surau and madrasah to pondok school.When portuguese conquered Malacca in 15th century , it changed to Roman Catholic missionaries than to protestant under the Dutch followed by the British Education system in 1786 onwards .In 1511 the first of many foreign invansions of Malacca took place when the Portuguese arrived. The Portuguese were determined to control the east and west trade center until 1641 when the Portuguese surrender Malacca to the dutch. The dutch who had a stronger foothold over the Indonesia archipelago swing the trade center over to Sumatra. In the mean time,Malacca trade also declined due to the silting of it’s part. In 1795 Malacca was given to the British to prevent it from falling to the hands of French, where the Netherlands was captured during the French revolution. By the time British took over in 1824, the focus of the trade has shifted from Malacca to Singapore and Penang.
3)On 31 August 1957 the Federation of Malaya became an independent nation and joined the Commonwealth. Penang and Malacca became states of the Federation. Tengku (prince) Abdul Rahman, leader of the independence movement, became Prime Minister.In 1989 Malacca has been declared as Malaysia history city.

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1. Nama Malaysia mula diguna pakai pada tahun 1963 apabila negeri-negeri Persekutuan Tanah Melayu serta Singapura, Borneo Utara (Sabah) dan Sarawak membentuk persekutuan baru.[5] Sebelum ini nama Malaysia juga pernah digunakan untuk memaksudkan beberapa kawasan di Asia Tenggara dengan sewenang-wenangnya. Sehelai peta yang diterbitkan di Chicago, Illinois, A.S. pada tahun 1914 tertera perkataan Malaysia yang memaksudkan beberapa wilayah tertentu di dalam Kepulauan Melayu.[21] Bahagian semenanjung memakai nama Persekutuan Tanah Melayu hingga tahun 1963, sewaktu pergabungannya dengan wilayah-wilayah Sabah, Sarawak dan Singapura.[22] Para ahli politik di Filipina pernah bercadang agar negara mereka diberi nama "Malaysia", tetapi tidak sempat berbuat demikian apabila Malaysia terlebih dahulu telah menggunakan nama tersebut secara rasmi.[23]Ketika itu, nama-nama lain juga dipertimbangkan, antaranya Langkasuka, sempena kerajaan purba yang terletak di kawasan utara Semenanjung Tanah Melayu pada alaf pertama Masihi.[24]
2.
Upaya kemerdekaan diterajui oleh Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perdana Menteri pertama Malaysia, yang memimpin delegasi menteri dan pemimpin politik Malaya dalam rundingan dengan British di London untuk Merdeka, atau kemerdekaan bersama dengan presiden pertama Cina Malaysia Persatuan (MCA) Tun Dato Sir Tan Cheng Lock dan Presiden Kongres India kelima Tun VT Sambanthan kelima. Sebaik sahaja menjadi jelas bahawa ancaman Komunis yang ditimbulkan semasa Kecemasan Tanah Melayu telah tercetus, perjanjian telah dicapai pada 8 Februari 1956, untuk Malaya untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan daripada Empayar Britania. Walau bagaimanapun, sebab logistik dan pentadbiran menyebabkan pengisytiharan kemerdekaan rasmi pada tahun berikutnya, pada 31 Ogos 1957, di Stadium Merdeka (Stadium Kemerdekaan), di Kuala Lumpur, yang sengaja dibina untuk perayaan hari kemerdekaan negara. Pengumuman hari itu telah ditetapkan bulan sebelumnya oleh Tunku dalam mesyuarat Perikatan di Melaka.

Hari Kemerdekaan (31 Ogos 1957)
3.  Pada malam 30 Ogos 1957, orang ramai berkumpul di Dataran Merdeka (Padang Merdeka) di Kuala Lumpur untuk menyaksikan penyerahan kuasa dari British. Perdana Menteri yang menamakan Tunku Abdul Rahman tiba pada jam 11:58 pagi. dan menyertai anggota bahagian pemuda parti Perikatan dalam memerhati dua minit kegelapan. [2] Pada tengah malam, lampu-lampu telah dihidupkan semula, dan Bendera Kesatuan di dataran itu diturunkan. [3] Bendera Malaya baru dibesarkan sebagai lagu nasional Negaraku dimainkan. Ini diikuti oleh tujuh nyanyian "Merdeka" oleh orang ramai. [2] [3] Tunku Abdul Rahman kemudiannya memberikan ucapan yang menyambut upacara itu sebagai "momen paling hebat dalam kehidupan rakyat Malaya". [2] Sebelum memberikan alamat kepada orang ramai, beliau diberikan kalung oleh wakil-wakil Parti Perikatan untuk menghormati peristiwa hebat ini dalam sejarah, dengan peta Malaya yang tertulis di atasnya. Acara berakhir pada satu pagi pada keesokan harinya.

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1. EARLY KINGDOMS -  In the first millennium CE, Malays became the dominant race on the peninsula. The small early states that were established were greatly influenced by Indian culture. Indian influence in the region dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE. South Indian culture was spread to Southeast Asia by the south Indian Pallava dynasty in the 4th and 5th century .
2. BEFORE INDEPENDENCE -  The Japanese occupied the country from 1941 to 1945. Resistance, mainly from the Chinese, was led by MCP guerrillas. British rule was reintroduced after the war, but met active resistance from the MCP. Malay nationalists also campaigned for independence. The United Malays’ National Organisation (UMNO, the principal Malay party) was formed in 1946.
3.AFTER INDEPENDENCE -  With 1957's independence, a new series of difficult decisions lay ahead of Malaya, the first of which was to determine exactly what territories would be included in the new state. In 1961, the term "Malaysia" came into being after Tunku convinced Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to join Malaya in a federal union (Singapore later opted out of the union, peacefully, in 1965). Afraid that the union would interfere with his expansionistic plans, Indonesia's president Sukharno launched attacks against Malaysia in Borneo and on the peninsula, all of which were unsuccessful.

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1) EARLY KINGDOM
- some great kingdom have been established in the penisula and around the malay archipelagoc the first century.
-  In the first millennium CE, Malays became the dominant race on the peninsula.
- The small early states that were established were greatly influenced by Indian culture.
- on the early centuries of the first millennium, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the Indian religions of Hinduism and Buddhism, religions which had a major effect on the language and culture of those living in Malaysia.
- The Sanskrit writing system was used as early as the 4th century.
2) BEFORE INDEPENDENCE
-  There were numerous Malay kingdoms in the 2nd and 3rd century, as many as 30, mainly based on the Eastern side of the Malay peninsula.
- Among the earliest kingdoms known to have been based in the Malay Peninsula is the ancient kingdom of Langkasuka, located in the northern Malay Peninsula and based somewhere on the west coast.
3) AFTER INDEPENDENCE
- August 31, 1957: The Federation of Malaya is granted independence from Britain after close to 50 years of colonial rule. Tunku Abdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister.
- September 16, 1963: Federation of Malaysia is formed by Malaya, and neighboring Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore. * August 9, 1965: Singapore quits the federation following a disagreement between the leaders of the two states on Chinese communities, leaving Malaysia with 13 states

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1. Early Kingdom.
Their presence resulted in strong Indian and Chinese influences on the local cultures, and the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Sanskrit inscriptions appear as early as the fourth or fifth century. The Kingdom of Langkasuka arose around the second century in the northern area of the Malay Peninsula, lasting until about the 15th century. By the 13th and the 14th century, the Majapahit empire had successfully wrested control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago from Srivijaya. Islam began to spread among Malays in the 14th century.

2. Before Independence
The Portuguese were the first to occupy Malacca (partly due to its perfect location). During the VOC-era (later the Dutch East Indies era) the Dutch seized power in Malacca in 1641. At first, the British didn't put much effort into Malacca, and established themselves on the island Penang (1786). Only until 1795 the British took over command of the Dutch in Malacca, who started focusing more on trade all around Indonesia.

3. After Independence

Brunei withdrew from the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 to form its own state. One problem with the defection was the recently crowned Miss Malaysia, Catherine Loh, was from Brunei and she was expected to preside over independence ceremonies. In 1965 Singapore pulled out of the Malaysian Federation over fears that its mostly Chinese population would discriminated against in Malaysia, which was fighting a Communist insurgency supported by China.

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1) The Strait of Malacca helped to create economic and cultural links among China, India, and the Middle East.   Among the earliest kingdoms known to have been based in what is now Malaysia is the ancient empire of Langkasuka, located in the northern Malay Peninsula.

2)  The arrival of the British, European power became dominant in Malaysia.  Before the mid-19th-century British interests in the region were predominantly economic, with little interest in territorial control. British were looking towards southeast Asia for new resources

3)

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1)early kingdom
some  great kingdom have been established in the peninsula and around the archipelagoc the first century
2) before independence
The Japanese occupied the country from 1941 to 1945. Resistance, mainly from the Chinese, was led by MCP guerrillas. British rule was reintroduced after the war, but met active resistance from the MCP. Malay nationalists also campaigned for independence. The United Malays’ National Organisation (UMNO, the principal Malay party) was formed in 1946.
3)  after independence
During the past 30 years or so Malaysian economy has evolved from an agricultural one based on a few products—namely oil, natural gas, rubber and palm oil—to one largely based on information technology and exports. Malaysia has succeeded despite being too small to compete in the cheap labor market with Indonesia, Vietnam and China and being a step behind the Tiger counties like Korea and Taiwan.

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1. Early Kingdom
Malaysian early kingdom  about how malacca was create by parameswara who was a hindu that ran from majapahit to malacca and rest under a tree and saw his dog was kicked by a mousedeer. Since that he called the tree as a malacca tree and build a kingdom there.

2. Before independence
Before 18th and 19th Century Malay , Orang Asli and Kaum Bumiputera which is Sabah and Sarawak became the most population in Malaysia. Malay people is the oldest .

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1- EARLY KINGDOM

THE Pre Anudhapura period or the early kingdom period of Sri Lanka history begins with the gradual onset of historical records in the final centuries of the prehistoric period and ending in 377 BC. According to the Mahavamsa, the original inhabitants  of Sri Lanka are the Yakhas and nothern Naga tribes. Sinhalese history traditionally starts in 543 BC at the arrival of Prince Vijaya, a semi legendary king who was banished from the Indian subcontinent with his 700 followers, and is recorded in the Mahavamsa chronicle. This period was succeeded by Anuradhapura period.

2- BEFORE INDEPENDENCE

1. 1. Education System Before Independence (1400-1856) Span across two (2) periods namely the British Colonial Period and During the British Colonial Period. Phase 1 – Before the British Colonial Period (1400-1786) Education system exist since Malacca sultanate , with the spread of Islam in the 15th century , education was more on Islam. Started at home to mosque, surau and madrasah to pondok schools.

3- AFTER INDEPENDENCE
With 1957's independence, a new series of difficult decisions lay ahead of Malaya, the first of which was to determine exactly what territories would be included in the new state. In 1961, the term "Malaysia" came into being after Tunku convinced Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to join Malaya in a federal union (Singapore later opted out of the union, peacefully, in 1965). Afraid that the union would interfere with his expansionistic plans, Indonesia's president Sukharno launched attacks against Malaysia in Borneo and on the peninsula, all of which were unsuccessful.

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1) This history about the early kingdom its start from parameswara conquer the malacca land making it a great goverment.
2) Its start to the portuguese colonial kingdom was then handed over to the Dutch goverment and connected with the british goverment.
3) After 1957 , malaya was get the gained independence from britain after negotiating in London.

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1. (EARLY KINGDOM)
in the first millennium CE, Malays became the dominant race on the peninsula. The small early states that were established were greatly influenced by Indian culture. There were numerous Malay kingdoms in the 2nd and 3rd century, as many as 30, mainly based on the Eastern side of the Malay peninsula .

-in the 7th and 8th centuries the state of Srivijaya of Sumatra rose to dominate much of Malaya. It was a kingdom in Sumatra with its capital at Palembang. Srivijaya controlled the coasts of Java, the Malay Peninsula and part of Borneo. However Srivijayan only really controlled the coast. Their influence did not extend far inland.

The prosperity of Srivijaya was based on trade with both India and China. Srivijaya controlled the Malacca Straits, which were the main passage between the Indian Ocean and China Sea. As a result, it grew rich and powerful. Srivijaya was able to dominate the region until the 11th century. Then its power declined and by the 13th century Srivijaya had lost control completely.

-   Later Melaka rose to dominate Malaya. A man named Parameswara founded it at the end of the 14th century. He became the ruler of Temasek, Singapore Island. However, the Thais overthrew him. Parameswara fled with some followers and settled by a river called Bertram.

According to legend when he was hunting a mouse deer turned and kicked one of his dogs. Parameswara took this as an omen and decided to found a settlement there. Since he was standing under a Melaka tree at the time he named it Melaka. Parameswara converted to Islam. (Islam first reached the region during the 8th century. It made many converts between the 14th and 16th centuries). During the 15th century, the new settlement prospered and grew. The wealth and power of Melaka was based on trade with Arab, Chinese and Indian ships sailing there.

The great wealth of the city-state of Melaka came to the notice of the Portugese. In 1511 they sent an expedition led by Alfonso de Albuquerque to capture it. Melaka soon fell to the Portuguese artillery. However, the son of the Sultan of Melaka founded Johor.

2) (BEFORE INDEPENDENCE) before the formation of the Malayan union in 1946, the territories were not placed under a single unified administration, with the exception during the immediate post-war period when a British military officer became the temporary administrator of Malaya. Instead, British Malaya comprised the straits settlements, the Federated Malay States, and the Unfederated Malay States. Under British hegemony, Malaya was one of the most profitable territories of the empire, being the world's largest producer of Tin and later rubber. During the Second World War, Japan ruled a part of Malaya as a single unit from Singapore.

The Malayan Union was unpopular and in 1948 was dissolved and replaced by the Federation of Malaysia, which became fully independent on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, the federation, along with North Borneo (Sabah),Sarawak, and singapore, formed the larger federation of Malaysia.

31st August: Malaya gained Independence and known by the Malay Federation or Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. A historic ceremony took place at Stadium Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur. Tunku Abdul Rahman became the First Prime Minister of Malaya. He began the work of  developing Malaya by focusing on Infrastructure (notably roads), Education, Industrial Development, Agriculture, and Rural Developmen

3)  jun 1961 In May, Tunku proposed the idea of "Malaysia" - comprising the Malayan Federation, Singapore, Brunei, Sabah, and Sarawak while he was a guest at the Foreign Correspondents' Association of South East Asia in Singapore. In July, the Malaysia Consultative Committee was established, headed by Dato Donald Stephens, President of the North Borneo United National Kadazan Organisation, and a member of Sarawak's Executive and Legislative Councils. In August, Malaya and Singapore (represented by Lee Kuan Yew) agreed on merger terms. Brunei pulled out due to internal revolt to the proposal.
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In July, Tunku signed the formal agreement for the formation of Malaysia in Marlborough House, London. The next month, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaya, Tuanku Syed Harun Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail of Perlis, proclaimed 16th September 1963 to be the date for "Malaysia" to be officially formed.
- On 16th September, Malaysia was officially formed and Tunku Abdul Rahman became the first Prime Minister of Malaysia.After Malaysia (which consisted of Federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore) was formed, the national flag was amended by adding three more stripes and three more points to the star. Although Singapore seceded from Malaysia two years later, 14 stripes and 14 pointed-star has been maintained until today. After Malaysia (which consisted of Federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore) was formed, the national flag was amended by adding three more stripes and three more points to the star. Although Singapore seceded from Malaysia two years later, the 14 stripes and 14 pointed-star have been maintained until today.

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EARLY KINGDOMS -  Malays became the dominant race on the peninsula.  Among the earliest kingdoms known to have been based in the Malay Peninsula is the ancient kingdom of Langkasuka, located in the northern Malay Peninsula and based somewhere on the west coast.   Shards of Chinese pottery have been found in Borneo dating from the 1st century following the southward expansion of the Han Dynasty.  Between the 7th and the 13th century, much of the Malay peninsula was under the Buddhist Srivijaya empire . Pattinapalai, a Tamil poem of the 2nd century CE, describes goods from Kedaram heaped in the broad streets of the Chola capital.

BEFORE INDEPENDENCE -  Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.

AFTER INDEPENDENCE -   August 31, 1957: The Federation of Malaya is granted independence from Britainafter close to 50 years of colonial rule. Tunku Abdul Rahman becomes the first prime minister. * September 16, 1963: Federation of Malaysia is formed by Malaya, and neighboring Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore.

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1)  Malay became the first dominant races in the early kingdom of  Peninsular Malaysia. Meanwhile, Buddhism took hold of Borneo until the massive change to Islam in the 15th century. Fun facts: There were around 30 Malay Kingdoms during that time. A place called 'Langkasuka' or also known as 'Kedah' was famously known empire during the early days of Malay Kingdom.

2) Peninsular Malaysia was called Malayan Union in 1946 and was called Malaya in 1948. The Federation of Malaya came on 16 September 1963. In 1965, by agreement, Singapore left the Federation and became an independent state.

3) Tunku Abdul Rahman or also known as 'The father of Independence' declared the independence of Malaya by shouting 'Merdeka!' for 7 times in the 31st of August 1957.  Meanwhile, the name 'Malaysia' was officially formed in the 16th of September 1963 which was now called the 'Malaysia Day'.

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1.Early Kingdom.
What I know about early kingdom in malaysia is. In ancient Indian literature, the term Suvarnadvipa or the "Golden Peninsula" is used in Ramayana, and some argued that it may be a reference to the Malay Peninsula
2.Before Independence.
The British have a thorough plan to get the states in the Malay Peninsula. After successfully getting Penang, Singapore and Melaka forming the Straits Settlements, the British began to step in to get rich states with raw materials such as in Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang. After successfully mastering the states, the Federated Malay States were set up
3. After Independence
The Japanese Occupation in our country within three years and eight months has awakened us about the hardships under colonialism. The Malayan Union was an absolute British colony in Malaya. This was a great protest by the Malays until UMNO was formed. The Federation of Malaya enabled the Federation of Malaya to be formed on 1 February 1948. The federal and state government concepts were introduced, the king's institution was restored, the citizenship was tightened and the protection of Malays was included in the constitution. This became the basis of the free administration of the Federation of Malaya and Malaysia.

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Briefly share about Malaysia History from 1.Early Kingdom 2.Before Independence 3. After Independence