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How does Golding show the conch as something increasingly problematic in Chapter 2? 

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How does Golding show the conch as something increasingly problematic in Chapter 2? 

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How does the character of Ralph develop in chapter 2?

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How does Golding portray Jack’s leadership? 

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How does Golding portray Jack’s leadership? 

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How does Piggy’s character develop throughout the novel?

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How does Piggy’s character develop throughout the novel?

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How does Golding show that Simon represents fairness and equality in society?

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How does Golding show that Simon represents fairness and equality in society?

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How does Golding present the fire as dangerous and wild?

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How does Golding present the fire as dangerous and wild?

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is shown are very domineering and dictator like. This is shown by the quote “Jack clamoured among them, the conch forgotten.” This shows that when Jack is in power, the democracy and equality represented by the conch is left behind, both literally and metaphorically. The society created by Ralph is made redundant as soon as Jack becomes more powerful.

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As the chapter continues we begin to see Ralph become more aggressive and threatening towards the other boys. For example; “Ralph elbowed him to one side” shows his increasing aggressiveness as he starts to take advantage of his physical strength. When Ralph “took a sudden step forward” his threatening tendencies begin to come to light as he is settling into his position of power. This is the first time in the novel we have seen Ralph in this way.

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At the beginning of chapter 2, it becomes clear to the reader that the conch is problematic and it’s power is fragile. When Piggy says ‘The conch. I got a right to speak,’ it emphasises the significance of the conch is fading since he has to remind the boys he’s in possession of it. Furthermore, the reader begins to sense the conch is starting to divide the boys instead of holding them together. Following Piggy’s reminder of his right to speak, ‘Jack turned on him... ‘You shut up!” This is the first sign of impending problems between the boys.

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Towards the end of the chapter when the other boys bully Piggy, Simon stands up for Piggy by saying “we used his specs ... he helped  that way”. This quote shows that Simon is just as he notices that Piggy is weaker than the others and helps him to prove himself to the other boys.

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At the beginning of chapter one, when Piggy is teased by Ralph, ‘he bares this with a sort of humble patience’ and is very accepting of the poor way he is treated. However in chapter two, we see him begin to stand up for himself and becomes ‘daring’ and ‘indignant’. When the boys do not listen to him he shouts ‘I got the conch! Just you listen!’ and this highlights how he has become more confident and authoritative.

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Golding presents Jack as a natural leader.

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Golding presents Jack as a natural leader.

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The boys are willing to follow Jack, believe his ideas and his explanations to the arising problems. Jack speaks with clear confidence, for example “if there was a snake we’d hunt it and kill it”, this reassures the other boys and gains their respect. Jack is using his own power and physical dominance to gain admiration. Furthermore, as soon as Jack says “Follow me!”, the boys “all at once the crowd swayed ... following Jack”. This shows his dominance and respect from all the other boys.

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Golding shows that it doesn’t take long for the fire to grow into something uncontrollable

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Golding shows that it doesn’t take long for the fire to grow into something uncontrollable

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The fire begins as a “thin trickle”, but it is shown to grow quickly within the same paragraph with verbs such as “thickening”, and “enriched”. By the end of the paragraph a branch “exploded with a sharp crack” due to the power of the fire. This use of onomatopoeia suggests a sudden and forceful action took place from the word “crack”, which further emphasises the point that the growth of the fire is very sudden and dramatic.

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Golding describes the fire as dangerous and wild with his use of animal imagery. 

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Golding describes the fire as dangerous and wild with his use of animal imagery. 

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He does this when he said the flames “although they were a kind of wild life, crept as a jaguar creeps on its belly ” and by describing the fire as a “jaguar” he uses zoomorphism to suggest the fire’s almost animalistic, predatory nature suggesting it’s a wild thing with a mind of its own. By describing the fire as a predator, Golding foreshadows that the fire could become dangerous and destructive. He achieves this idea of a predatory nature by using the verb “crept” which suggests the fire is lying in wait for its moment to pounce which further emphasises its wild, dangerous nature.

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The first instance in which we witness Ralph losing control is when he is unsure of how to start the fire, and is seen to become “crimson in the face”. It is instead Jack who has the solution, perhaps foreshadowing a shift in power. Furthermore, when Ralph was “shouting for quiet, but nobody heard him”, we see that for the first time in the novel, the children are not blindly following his leadership, and that Ralph may not have as much authority over the group as we previously thought.

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Jack begins to rise to power beside Ralph.

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Jack begins to rise to power beside Ralph.

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Jack feels that he is in a position of power which makes him feel superior to Piggy so he starts to bully him by saying ‘You’re always scared. Yah—Fatty!’ This also highlights Jack’s aggression within his newfound courage to rise into power with Ralph.

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As the chapter progresses, the authority of the conch starts to be questioned by strong-minded individuals.

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As the chapter progresses, the authority of the conch starts to be questioned by strong-minded individuals.

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Although Piggy has the conch Jack tells him, “you shut up!”. This suggests Jack is already challenging the ideology behind the conch, not allowing Piggy to speak even though he’s with the conch. Jack also explains “the conch doesn’t count on top of the mountain”, this clarifies that the conch will only have power when everyone grants it. This becomes problematic because as soon as one person attempts to overthrew the conch it has no physical influence and it turns back into being just a shell. The idea of equality is easily overthrown by physical dominance.

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as the reader digs deeper into the novel, by the obvious hierarchy present and the other boys abandonment of the conch. This is shown by the quote “you say shut up; but if Jack or Maurice or Simon—“. The use of polysyndeton, with the word ”or” suggests that Piggy is getting more frustrated as the chapter goes on.

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Piggy is described as a frustrated parental figure

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Piggy is described as a frustrated parental figure

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This is shown through the way he speaks to the other boys. For example, he calls them a “pack of kids”, which suggest that he is separating himself from them as he feels he has a higher level of maturity. He also feels like he has to “keep up with the senseless ebullience of the children”. This again shows that he doesn’t think of himself as a child, but rather a parental figure.

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The fire is presented as fast and dangerous, as suggested by “Life became a race with the fire.” This shows how underestimated the fire is because the boys would have thought a race fun, especially the boys like Ralph who like to make the most of their surroundings (“swept a double armful of sand into a pile against his chest. Then he sat back and looked at the water with bright, excited eyes.”) however the “race” might be more dangerous than they might have thought previously; the small boy was lost while they were celebrating about the fire.

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Simon is clearly very practical since he provides a solution to problems the boys face - “We could make scratches on bark,” … “and rub stuff in”. This conveys Simon as pragmatic making him an extremely useful character. Furthermore, he is also intelligent and this is portrayed through his extensive and helpful  practical knowledge. This can sometimes be useful in everyday life, however, since they are now alone on an island, this would be even more essential as it tests their lifetime experiences in order to survive.

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Golding presents Jack’s leadership as violent

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Golding presents Jack’s leadership as violent

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Golding shows that Jack leadership is more violent compared to the other boys. An example of this is when Jack says “if there was a snake we’d hunt it and kill it” which shows how resorting to violence is Jack first course of action instead of thinking thought the problem peacefully.

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We see further examples of Piggy’s intelligence when he realises the subjective power and importance of the conch

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We see further examples of Piggy’s intelligence when he realises the subjective power and importance of the conch

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This is shown when Piggy realises how he is treated differently to the other boys, regardless of whether he has the conch or not when he says “ ‘if I say anything’ cried Piggy with bitter realism ‘you say shut up; but if Jack, Maurice or Simon—‘ “. This is pivotal because in this moment he realises “with bitter realism”  that the conch only has power in the hands of certain members of the group and how it just accentuates the importance and power of those members. By using the phrase “with bitter realism” when describing how Piggy says this, Golding shows that Piggy realises this will not change and that there is nothing he can do about this. Golding chooses for Piggy realise these things which displays just how intelligent Piggy compared to the other boys, who haven’t even noticed it. By making Piggy so intelligent, yet by making him so powerless regardless of it, Golding highlights the unjust, biased nature of society and the hierarchy within it

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Read through each column. Add one more paragraph to a column of your choosing. 

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Read through each column. Add one more paragraph to a column of your choosing. 

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Also - read Chapter 3 :)

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Keeps the boys calm and under control to some extent 

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Keeps the boys calm and under control to some extent 

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Ralph’s natural leadership gets more questionable as the novel goes on however he successfully keeps the boys calm when the problem of the ‘beastie’ becomes relevant. He repeatedly says that ‘there isn’t a beastie’ to the boys so they do not get scared or panic. He may also be saying this to try and convince himself that it is not real and the little boy imagined it. Another time Ralph says something to keep the boys away from states of panic is when he confirmed that his dads ship would save them. Even though, Ralph obviously does not know when or if they will be saved he states this to keep the tranquility of the group.

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Golding presents Jack as just as important as Ralph

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Golding presents Jack as just as important as Ralph

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Initially, Ralph was the authoritative figure who was more liked by the boys and consequently voted leader over Jack. However, as the novel has progressed, Jack has increased in status by often coming up with solutions before Ralph, such as when he figured out how to start a fire. Moreover, his approach to leadership is more violent and less logical than Ralph’s and because of the vulnerable and naïve nature of the young children, they do not understand the consequence of acting on irrational instinct. Therefore, they often go along with Jack’s plans as they want someone to follow and trust and the first person to show authority will do. An example when ‘all at once the crowd swayed towards the island - following Jack.’

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When Ralph starts to feel he is losing control, he automatically refers to his dad, and how he is in the navy, to regain respect and also to calm everyone down and keep everything in control. “It might even be daddy’s ship” suggests that he wants everyone to believe how much his dad cares about the boys’ rescue, and that he will come for them. He wants to tell them the best possible scenario so they feel hopeful, and grateful to him that something good might happen. This suggests he is insecure, and at times maybe a bit incapable of leadership without the mention of his dad.

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We see that Ralph is actually able to get the other boys to act on his orders

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We see that Ralph is actually able to get the other boys to act on his orders

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The reader come across this when the boys must collect bark and wood for the fire. For example when "Ralph shouted... life became a race". In addition, when Ralph says "I told you to", this is evidence of him following up on his orders. This shows us that the character of Ralph, does have some sense of discipline and a level of maturity.

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Jack uses malice to undermine the other characters and make himself more important.

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Jack uses malice to undermine the other characters and make himself more important.

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He particularly picks on Piggy, calling him “fatty” and telling him “you shut up!” He picks on Piggy as a way of asserting dominance and making himself seem more relevant. The fact that he also feels he has the power to bully Piggy suggests he thinks he is better than him and more significant.

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Ralph establishes himself as a leader is empowered as a character

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Ralph establishes himself as a leader is empowered as a character

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The other boys on the island respect Ralph’s authority and leadership style. This empowers him and also strengthens his fundamental beliefs in the simple goodness of man. Ralph starts to devise plans to sustain the group. This helps to motivate everyone and “half the boys were on their feet.” This quote tells us that Ralph can lead the group effectively and that he is listened to. Furthermore, Ralph assures the boys that “we shall be rescued,” suddenly lifting the groups spirits with the “weight of Ralph’s new authority.” This makes the group comfortable and therefore more likely to listen to him.

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It becomes clearer that the power of the conch is used in different ways by different characters 

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It becomes clearer that the power of the conch is used in different ways by different characters 

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In chapter 2 when Piggy is handling the conch, he “caressed the conch respectfully”. This shows us that he is aware of the power the conch has the potential to grant people, especially someone like him who is often ignored or disrespected, which is why the conch is revered by Piggy. Contrastingly, when Jack shouts to the group to go build a fire on the mountain, everyone gets excited and run from the assembly, “The conch forgotten” in all the hurry. This is reflective of Jack’s leadership style emerging, which is that he will offer the group what they want and they will follow him, rather than sticking to a democratic way of living. Another difference is when “Ralph waved the conch. ‘Shut up! Wait! Listen!’”. Ralph is reminding people of his power as elected leader of the group, and the rules he has created, which are not always being followed. We can see that everyone has different ideas of what should be happening in terms of leadership on the island, and this will cause division among the group.

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As the chapter progresses we see how the conch’s powers is subjective. 

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As the chapter progresses we see how the conch’s powers is subjective. 

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Initially it seems as though the conch’s power is respected, for example “Jack held out his hand for the conch” he was respected by the other boys as they listened to what Jack was saying. Furthermore, the phrase “held out his hand” shows how expectant Jack was as he knew that he was going to be given the conch since he is a strong member in the group whereas the weaker members of the group won’t be treated this way. This is evident when the conch’s power is not given to Piggy members of the group. When Piggy says ‘if I say anything’ cried Piggy with bitter realism ‘you say shut up; this shows that Piggy has realised the conch has no power in the hands of the weak members and the phrase “bitter realism” shows that this won’t change.