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A category used to show the difference or similarities based on form, style, or subject matter

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Standard photographic format for an SLR camera; it gave way to the more high end cameras that we have now.

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Also known as a TLR, it is a type of camera with two objective lenses that have the same focal length. One is used for taking the picture while the other is used as the viewfinder.

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These cameras have a large film size and use sheet film. In photography, the bigger the film is the better the quality is.

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A photographic progress used with black and white films as well as printing papers. What happens is a suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support.

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Someone who collects, exhibits, researches, and maintains photo collections. They are responsible for storage and how collections are presented as well

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A public display of works of art which are normally held in art galleries or museums.

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Framing is used to draw your eyes to a certain part of a picture. For example, shooting through a window, doorway, tunnel, etc.

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A collection of photos. It also could be defined as a large room used for the exhibition of photographs.

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A legal device that gives the artist the right to publish and sell their work. Photos are protected by copyright.

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A point moving through space;

a long, narrow mark

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Symmetry around a central axis

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Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry

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Having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry

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The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Containing or using using only one color.

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Depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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A two-dimensional flat surface

limited by height and width

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The visible shape of a

three-dimensional figure

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The lightness or darkness of tones of colors with white having the lightest value and black having the darkest.

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An area where positive and

negative spaces are defined

or where there is a sense of depth.

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An element which is made up of hue, value, and intensity.

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The feel, appearance, or surface

quality of an object.

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Rule of thirds is a type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and the subject of the image is placed at the intersection of those dividing lines, or along one of the lines itself.

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When used in a design, it fosters organic and natural-looking compositions that are aesthetically pleasing to the eye.

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A technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image.

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Refers to the objects in the frame and the main focus of a picture.

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Negative space is the space between and around the objects in the frame.

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A style of photography that shows the world how it really is.

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A style of photography where the photographer try to show the world how they see it or it is used to make the world look interesting.

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The process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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When you take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as your own.

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A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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A person who follows good morals or standards.

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Illumination from behind.

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A soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

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The light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows. (It could also be lighting from artificial room lights).

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The use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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A common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.

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The blue hour occurs before sunrise in the morning and after sunset in the evening. The sun has dipped a certain amount below the horizon.

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The period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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Any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet.

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Pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors. Complementary colors may also be called "opposite colors."

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Any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Examples of warm colors include red, yellow and orange.

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Colors to which you can't give a definite color name.  These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood.

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A standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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You're able to produce higher quality images, as well as correct problem images using RAW

A file with the CR2 file extension is a Canon Raw Version 2 image file created by a Canon digital camera. They're usually high quality, uncompressed, and large.

NEF (Nikon Electronic Format) NEF is the is Nikon's RAW data from the camera.

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop.

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A common format for compressing image files.

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TIF is an image format file for high-quality graphics. A computer file format for storing raster graphics images

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A mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph

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This mode gives the user control of either aperture or shutter speed, while letting the camera determine the remaining setting for best exposure.

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A setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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Lets you specify a shutter speed and leaves the camera to figure out everything else. You choose TV mode when you want to control motion in your shot (often in order to either “freeze” or “blur” it).

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A mode where you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo.

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ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. As you increase the ISO, the sensor becomes more sensitive to light, which allows it to capture more light without slowing down the shutter speed or opening up your aperture.

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It looks similar to grain found in film photographs. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light.

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a measurement of film speed, or sensitivity to light. The ISO / ASA rating describes how quickly the film reacts to light.

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The random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds

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a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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It stands for digital single-lens reflex camera. It combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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A small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space.

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An abbreviation for “Straight Out Of Camera”, meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Points the camera uses to focus on a subject. Stands for Auto Focus Points. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up (red or green) in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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The general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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Predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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A technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image.

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A shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject

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The unit of measurement that defines the size of the opening in the lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or digital sensor. The size of the aperture is measured in F-stop.

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The aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light."

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The distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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A measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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The length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph

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An exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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The apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure

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The act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Tripod: a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.

Monopod: a one-legged support for a camera or fishing rod.

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White balance is a camera setting that adjusts the color balance of light the you're shooting in so that it appears a neutral white, and it's used to counteract the orange/yellow color of artificial light.

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It is a time when there is a very low level of ambient light but just enough blueness to the sky to give interest to the scene. The natural light of the day.

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Comparative darkness and coolness caused by shelter from direct sunlight.

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(of the sky or weather) covered with or characterized by clouds; overcast.

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This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors. The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos.

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Process that records the glow or visible light given off by certain substances when they are irradiated by ultraviolet rays.

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A device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light. A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene.

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Shadows shape the light, draw attention to the light, and integrate with the light to produce striking photographic opportunities.

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range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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A tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones (though since it is still a monochromatic image it is still considered black and white).

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The process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image.

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Using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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A technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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The art form of using handheld lights to paint and/or draw in a scene while the shutter of a camera is left open during a long exposure photograph.