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Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest architecture of the seven wonders of the world. Not only that, but it has sparked some controversies regarding its overall built and structure because at the time, the tools for construction were insufficient and not suitable for high-rise methods, yet the Egyptians engineered a way to produce such a structure that has withstanded several environmental factors. Up to this day, the building remains in tact in spite of having it built a thousand years back. (Ancient History Encyclopedia, https://www.ancient.eu/article/124/the-great-pyramid-of-giza-last-remaining-wonder-of/, 2012). With that said, this architecture was built to last for eternity and will continue to reign its name as the oldest building that was not artificially constructed, but handmade.

At Egypt’s height, the third and fourth dynasties maintained stable economic development. The Pharaohs were viewed as “semi-dvine” for they were half divine and human. More importantly, being semi-divine allowed these people to possess authority as mediators of the heavens and earth. For Khufu, second of the eight kings in the fourth dynasty, was the cause of the construction of the building. The pyramid stands about 481.4 feet, which makes it the largest pyramid in the world (History, https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids, 2009). The other three pyramids surrounding it contain the three wives of Khufu. On the other hand, the middle pyramid was for his son, Khafre. A figure which was called The Sphinx, was the largest statue in the world standing 240 feet long and 66 feet high and was placed inside his son’s tomb. (History, https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids, 2009). Moreover, a historian named Herodotus, claims that the construction of the building was made by over 100,000 men; however, in the latter excavations, it was evident that the laborers were only up about 20,000. The findings explain that the people were natives of Egypt who resided near the Nile River.

The architecture was built on two perspectives: (1) The golden ratio and (2) Pi. Firstly, the building entails a “right-angled triangle with a vertical apex, a half base and a slant side” (Barlett, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-014-0193-9, 2014). From that, the golden ratio is applied in all its proportions. Secondly, “The pi (π) theory makes the height of the pyramid equal to the radius of the circle that has a circumference equal to the perimeter of the base of the pyramids” (Barlett, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-014-0193-9, 2014). Moreover, this structure has depicted the gods and the pharaohs in their reliefs, paintings and sculpture with its overall look.

In the previous time, the Ramp Theory was used inside the building to further elevate the topmost part or the apex (Mark, https://www.ancient.eu/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza/, 2016). The outer layer was coated with limestone which is very visible even from afar. Thus, the color emphasizes how steep and pointed the pyramids are.

SOURCES:

Ancient History Encyclopedia. (2012). Egyptian Pyramids. Available at: https://www.ancient.eu/article/124/the-great-pyramid-of-giza-last-remaining-wonder-of/ (Accessed 24 September 2019)

Bartlett,C. (2009). The Design of The Great Pyramid of Khufu. Available at: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids (Accessed 24 September 2019)

Mark, J. (2016). Great Pyramid of Giza. Available at: https://www.ancient.eu/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza/ (Accessed 24 September 2019)

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The Tagolwanen Weaver

Malaybalay, Bukidnon

Where: Mindanao

50% occupied by indigenous people/ lumads

What: peaceful devout and loving tribe; live by tagoloanen river; river-settlers in that specific tribe

- have their own farming system and justice system although they have been isolated in the mountains yet they’re still advanced

- Tagolwanen Weavers: manghahabol and maglalala

- Only daughters are taught to make the banig by the mothers

- Used for rituals/ special occasions; and used as currency for trade using the banig; wrap the body in funerals

- Important for the lumad culture; used everyday

- Use for banig has declined and even the weaving skill has slowly been forgotten and designs were set aside; til one day, someone was intrigued by complex the banig mat was, and they went to the mountains and found out to their horror that the weavers have stopped weaving

- Why? It take 10 days to make 1

- Women would walk uphill and they were taken for granted

- The chair person saw the situation and was concerned by the tribe; they decided to market the banig so Ms Lory asked one weaver to make a banig and she went to facebook would anyone be interested

- Identified the needs of the tribe and formed

- Management, marketing, and goals: to encourage to transfer the weaving skill to the young

- THE TWWA ENTERPRISE: ensure the continuity of the tradition; market outside of the nation

- Later on, they joined several national fairs

- Last year, they were granted the registered trademark

- Wider access to local and international access

- Husband and children help in harvesting the grass as well as cook meals

- Give out scholarships and there r 2 graduates; there are economic, social, and environmental games

Made from sodsod grass in bukidnon

- ritual before starting bayanihan

- Try to preserve as much as they can

- Designs they either learned from moms or imagination or dreams about the design

- It is a divine blessing

- Weaving is done when the sun’s out bc the grass is at its softest

We spend what we earn; renaissance for weaving

- paying for their culture and skill