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I salute to all the soldiers who are ready to sacrifice their lives for us.

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Indian army is like a mother, does work selflessly, and never asks for anything in return.

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Let's salute all the heroes who risk their lives for the security and safety of our country. Happy Indian Army Day! I am proud of the brave Indian soldiers who protect our country and freedom. Happy Indian Army Day!

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Isn't it looking same like the gif i made it on paint don't think it is a screenshot. Jai hind

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To the bravest and coolest army of India 🇮🇳 

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To the bravest and coolest army of India 🇮🇳 

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Thank you so much for everything you have done for our country India. We are so thankful and we feel safe in the hands of the Indian army. From border patrolling to sacrificing your lives for us, We are so grateful to each and every one of you.
Keep up your amazing efforts!!!!
Bharat Mata Ki Jai!!!!
Thanking all of you
Yours faithfully
Alana 7C ❤🇮🇳🇮🇳

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Celebrating a proud day of indian army day

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1. I am proud to be an Indian. Salute our soldiers on Indian Army Day!

2. Let us celebrate with pride the service rendered to the nation.
By Our fearless & selfless warriors.
Happy Indian Army Day

3. “Let us celebrate National Army Day by promising ourselves to dedicate our lives to our nation.”

4. Bharat Maa ke Veer Sapoot Hamare Veer Yodhaa..
Happy Indian Army Day

5. We know we are safe because we have our Army protecting us....Happy Indian Army Day!

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Salute To The Indian Soldiers
For us they are on border,
Who can't break the order.
Who are always ready to sacrifice,
They are as hard as Himalayan ice.
Salute to the Indian soldiers!

Because of them we are alive,
And, we are secure in Indian hive.
Who always look for command,
Who have only one brand.
Salute to the Indian soldiers!

They fight in Battle without any fear,
There is no security of future year.
Who don't know the difference of day and night,
Who always ready to fight.
Salute to the Indian soldiers!

Who celebrate their festivals with bullets and guns,
We play Holi with colours;
But they play with rifles and guns.
They know only one colour which is 'Blood Red'.
Salute to the Indian soldiers!

We complain for hot and cold day,
While they stay in harsh Siachen everyday.
They are never sure of their own life,
They don't know will they ever meet his daughter, son, and wife.
Salute to the Indian soldiers!

Their village's routes are best friends of their wife.
Why Politicians play with their life?
And, why payment of their life is done by some amount of money,
Is that all our duty towards our great Indian Army?
Again and again salute to the Indian soldiers!

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The Indian Army is home to some of the bravest men in the world. The Indian army is the world's third largest, and its soldiers are renowned for their skill in high-altitude battles. The Indian Army guards one of the world's most dangerous international borders. Throughout the year, India's northern border acts like a battleground. But, thanks to the gods and the Indian soldiers, you are safe to read this post. No one deserves the title of "hero" more than a soldier. The brave men and women of the Indian army are separated from their families, miss every significant event in their lives, and give their lives so that you can be with your loved ones and sleep peacefully at night.
-AYUSHI PAWAR 6B

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Salute to the Indian Army
~Gopesvari Shetty

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My effort on this drawing is for all soldiers(Tell me how is it?)

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Salute to the
Real Heroes who,
Lead by Example,
Live by Chance &
Kill by profession.
Bharat Mata Ki Jai.
- Yash Rane 6B

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On Army Day, I salute all our courageous and dedicated soldiers and their families for their brave and selfless services to the Nation. We are indeed proud of them.

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On Army Day, I salute all our courageous and dedicated soldiers and their families for their brave and selfless services to the Nation. We are indeed proud of them.

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Salute to the brave soldiers, who risk and sacrifice their lives to protect us. Even the Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965 had given the slogan like “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”

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Salute to the brave soldiers, who risk and sacrifice their lives to protect us. Even the Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965 had given the slogan like “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”

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~Vriddhi

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 wonderful people who work to keep us safe

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 wonderful people who work to keep us safe

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by Neel Dhume 6G

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The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. Indian army is one of the outstanding armies in the world. Ensuring national security and national unity is the main focus of the Indian army. Our army is fighting against external and internal threats, and maintain peace and security within Indian borders.Indian soldiers are considered one of the best on high elevations, jungle combat and mountain warfare. The Siachen conflict is an excellent example of mountain warfare. The conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier in Kashmir is common knowledge.I am proud to be an Indian because I have the freedom to speak, write and protest against evil doings. We have the right to stand up and fight when we see human cruelty . India is a country where people respect elders.We Indians salute and are proud of our brave soldiers. We are grateful to them.Jai Hind.

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The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. Indian army is one of the outstanding armies in the world. Ensuring national security and national unity is the main focus of the Indian army. Our army is fighting against external and internal threats, and maintain peace and security within Indian borders.Indian soldiers are considered one of the best on high elevations, jungle combat and mountain warfare. The Siachen conflict is an excellent example of mountain warfare. The conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier in Kashmir is common knowledge.I am proud to be an Indian because I have the freedom to speak, write and protest against evil doings. We have the right to stand up and fight when we see human cruelty . India is a country where people respect elders.We Indians salute and are proud of our brave soldiers. We are grateful to them.Jai Hind.

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Dhruv thakur 6h

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Bharat Mata Ki Jai ! I thank whole heartedly to all Indian Soldiers for protecting our country and all citizen . thank you for all the scarifies you make for us you all are the real heroes
JAI HIND !
ANWESHA RATHI

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 honor to all the veterans who died at war and border protecting us, they didn't die serving us. they died saving us.

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 honor to all the veterans who died at war and border protecting us, they didn't die serving us. they died saving us.

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“And I’m proud to be an Indian, where at least I know I’m free. And I won’t forget the men who died, who gave that right to me.”
-Anushka Iyer 6f

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Thank you soldiers for protecting us !!

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Not gold but only men can make, A People great and strong ,

Men who, for truth and honor’s sake. Stand fast and suffer long

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I honour and respect all the martyred soldiers who have given up their life to keep the country and its people safe, they are the true heroes! Jai Hind!

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1-If death strikes before I prove my blood, I promise, I will kill death
2-Either I will come back after hoisting the Tricolor, or I will come back wrapped in it. But I’ll be back for sure.
3-Some goals are so worthy, it’s glorious even to fail.
4-We fight to win and win with a knock out,because there are no runners up in war.

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Happy Indian Army Day to our wonderful soldiers!
Thank you for protecting us and a big salute to the Indian Army.

Jai Hind!

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salute

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Salute to Indian Army

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A Big Salute!

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Salute to those u have protected us and lost their lives

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The people who are on the border saving our life is the Indian Army . What ever happens Indian Army is always there . 

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A Salute to the Soldiers,

Fact time ,
Many Country has attacked India ,but India never attacks other countries because Indian army want peace and harmony ,but if any other country  attacks India they will keep everything aside  and save us putting their life in risk , this is our Indian Army .

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Maa tujhe salaam

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Our flag does not fly because the wind moves it, it flies with the last breath of each soldier who died protecting it

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Soldiers are the one who are the real heroes. They are the one who keep us safe from any attacks form outsiders. Many people lose their lives while guarding the borders of india only for us. They sacrifice everything only for the safe keeping of The mother india. Happy Indian Army Day.

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he Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army,[4] and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely states, which were merged into the national army after independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in several battles and campaigns around the world, earning many battle and theatre honours before and after Independence

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salute to indian arm

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Jai hind!

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A big thank you to all the soldiers who showed bravery, who had courage, who sacrificed their lives and who did not let any danger reach us so that we all can live peacefully.
- Jai Hind!
- By Aarin Thorat 6C

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Thank you! For your dedication, your hard work, your sacrifice and, for the time you have to spend away from your families so that you can protect us. We are proud of you and your families for everything you have, are and will do for the nation. You all are in our prayers...
- Tanisha Choudhary 7E

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Our Army is Brave and fearless

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salute to the
real heroes who
lead my example
live by chance
love  by choice &
kill by profession

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defrenciatte not It Does

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Dear soldier,

Thank you for the risks you take and the sacrifices you make. Thank you for your service, and for all that you do for our country. SALUTE!!!
HAPPY ARMY DAY !!

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The army is the part of a country's military that fights on the ground. People in the army are called soldiers. Many modern armies have vehicles such as tanks, airplanes, and helicopters to help soldiers fight on the ground. ... Soldiers do many things, from shooting enemies, to digging defensive trenches.

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Indian Army

Founded

1 April 1895; 126 years ago

Country

India

Type
Army

Role
Land warfare

Size

1,237,117 active personnel[1]

960,000 reserve personnel[2]

Part of
Indian Armed Forces

Headquarters

Integrated Defence Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi

Motto(s)
Service Before Self

Colours

Gold, red and black

March

Anniversaries

Army Day: 15 January

Aircraft

Website
indianarmy.nic.in

Commander-in-Chief

President Ram Nath Kovind

Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)

General Bipin Rawat
PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM, ADC

Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)

General Manoj Mukund Naravane, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC

Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS)

Lieutenant General Chandi Prasad Mohanty PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM

Notable
commanders

Flag

Attack

HAL Rudra, HAL LCH

Helicopter

HAL Dhruv, HAL Chetak, HAL Cheetah

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely states, which were merged into the national army after independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in a number of battles and campaigns around the world, earning many battle and theatre honours before and after Independence.

The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal threats, and to maintain peace and security within its borders. It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances, such as Operation Surya Hope, and can also be requisitioned by the government to cope with internal threats. It is a major component of national power, alongside the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. The army has been involved in four wars with neighbouring Pakistan and one with China. Other major operations undertaken by the army include Operation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot, and Operation Cactus. The army has conducted large peace time exercises such as Operation Brasstacks and Exercise Shoorveer, and it has also been an active participant in numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions, including those in Cyprus, Lebanon, Congo, Angola, Cambodia, Vietnam, Namibia, El Salvador, Liberia, Mozambique, South Sudan, and Somalia.

The Indian Army is operationally and geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field formation being a division. Below the division level are permanent regiments that are responsible for their own recruiting and training. The army is an all-volunteer force and comprises more than 80% of the country's active defence personnel. It is the largest standing army in the world, with 1,237,117 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops. The army has embarked on an infantry modernisation program known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System ( F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery, and aviation branches.

British Indian Army

In 1776, a Military Department was created within the government of the East India Company at Kolkata. Its main function was to record orders that were issued to the army by various departments of the East India Company for the territories under its control.

With the Charter Act of 1833, the Secretariat of the government of the East India Company was reorganised into four departments, including a Military Department. The army in the presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras functioned as respective Presidency Armies until 1 April 1895, when they were unified into a single Indian Army. For administrative convenience, it was divided into four commands, namely Punjab (including the North West Frontier), Bengal, Madras (including Burma), and Bombay (including Sind, Quetta and Aden).

The British Indian Army was a critical force for maintaining the primacy of the British Empire, both in India and throughout the world. Besides maintaining the internal security of the British Raj, the Army fought in many other theatres: the Anglo-Burmese Wars; the First and Second Anglo-Sikh wars; the First, Second, and Third Anglo-Afghan wars; the First and Second opium wars, and the Boxer Rebellion in China; and in Abyssinia.

The Kitchener Reforms brought the British Army to a new century. In the 20th century, the British Indian Army was a crucial adjunct to British forces in both world wars. 1.3 million Indian soldiers served in World War I (1914-1918) with the Allies, in which 74,187 Indian troops were killed or missing in action. In 1915 there was a mutiny by Indian soldiers in Singapore. The United Kingdom made promises of self-governance to the Indian National Congress in return for its support but reneged on them after the war, following which the Indian Independence movement gained strength.

In World War II Indian soldiers fought alongside the Allies. In 1939, British officials had no plan for expansion and training of Indian forces, which comprised about 130,000 men (in addition there were 44,000 men in British units in India in 1939), whose mission was internal security and defence against a possible Soviet threat through Afghanistan. As the war progressed, the size and role of the Indian Army expanded dramatically, and troops were sent to battlefronts as soon as possible. The most serious problem was lack of equipment. Indian units served in Burma, where in 1944-45, five Indian divisions were engaged along with one British and three African divisions. Even larger numbers operated in the Middle East. Some 87,000 Indian soldiers died in the war. By the end of the war it had become the largest volunteer army in history, rising to over 2.5 million men in August 1945.

In the African and Middle East campaigns, captured Indian troops were given a choice to join the German Army, to eventually "liberate" India from Great Britain, instead of being sent to POW camps. These men, along with Indian students who were in Germany when the war broke out, made up what was called the Free India Legion. They were originally intended as pathfinders for German forces in Asia, but were soon sent to help guard the Atlantic Wall. Few who were part of the Free India Legion ever saw any combat, and very few were ever stationed outside Europe. At its height, the Free India Legion had over 3,000 troops in its ranks.

Indian independence

Upon the Partition of India and Indian independence in 1947, four of the ten Gurkha regiments were transferred to the British Army. The rest of the British Indian Army was divided between the newly created nations of India and Pakistan. The Punjab Boundary Force, which had been formed to help police the Punjab during the partition period, was disbanded. Headquarters Delhi and the East Punjab Command were formed to administer the area.

The departure of virtually all senior British officers following independence, and their replacement by Indian officers, meant many of the latter held acting ranks several ranks above their substantive ones. For instance, S. M. Shrinagesh, the ground-forces commander of Indian forces during the first Indo-Pak War of 1947-49 (and the future third COAS), was first an acting major-general and then an acting lieutenant-general during the conflict while holding the substantive rank of major, and only received a substantive promotion to lieutenant-colonel in August 1949. Gopal Gurunath Bewoor, the future ninth COAS, was an acting colonel at his promotion to substantive major from substantive captain in 1949, while future Lieutenant General K. P. Candeth was an acting brigadier (substantive captain) at the same time. In April 1948, the former Viceroy's Commissioned Officers (VCO) were re-designated Junior Commissioned Officers, while the former King's Commissioned Indian Officers (KCIO) and Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO), along with the former Indian Other Ranks (IOR), were respectively re-designated as Officers and Other Ranks.

Army Day is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of Lieutenant General K. M. Cariappa's taking over as the first commander-in-chief of the Indian Army from General Sir Francis Butcher, the last British commander-in-chief of India, on 15 January 1949. With effect from 26 January 1950, the date India became a republic, all active-duty Indian Army officers formerly holding the King's Commission were recommissioned and confirmed in their substantive ranks.

Conflicts and operations

First Kashmir War (1947)

Immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan erupted into the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations over the then princely state of Kashmir. The Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to have a standstill position. Since Kashmir was a Muslim majority state, Pakistan wanted to make Kashmir a Pakistani territory. As a result, Pakistan invaded Kashmir on 22 October 1947, causing Maharaja Hari Singh to look to India, specifically to Lord Mountbatten of Burma, the governor general, for help. He signed the Instrument of Accession to India on 26 October 1947. Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar from 27 October dawn onwards. This contingent included General Thimayya who distinguished himself in the operation and in the years that followed became a Chief of the Indian Army. An intense war was waged across the state and former comrades found themselves fighting each other. Pakistan suffered significant losses. Its forces were stopped on the line formed which is now called the Line of Control (LOC).

An uneasy peace, sponsored by the UN, returned by the end of 1948, with Indian and Pakistani soldiers facing each other across the Line of Control, which has since divided Indian-held Kashmir from that part held by Pakistan. A number of UN Security Council resolutions were passed, with Resolution 47 calling for a plebiscite to be held in Kashmir to determine accession to India or Pakistan, only after Pakistan withdrew its army from Kashmir. A precondition to the resolution was for Pakistan and India to return to a state of "as was" prior to the conflict. Pakistan would withdraw all tribesmen and Pakistani nationals brought in to fight in Kashmir. Pakistan refused to pull back, and there could be no further dialogue on fulfilling the UN resolution. Tensions between India and Pakistan, largely over Kashmir, have never been entirely eliminated.

Annexation of Hyderabad (1948)

After the partition of India, Hyderabad State, a princely state under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad, chose to remain independent. The following stand-off between the Government of India and the Nizam ended on 12 September 1948, when India's then Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel ordered Indian troops to secure Hyderabad State. During five days of fighting, the Indian Army, backed by an Indian Air Force squadron of Hawker Tempest aircraft, routed the Hyderabad State forces. Five Indian Army infantry battalions and one armoured squadron were engaged in the operation. The following day, Hyderabad was proclaimed part of India. Major General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri, who led the operation, and accepted the surrender of the Nizam's forces on 18 September 1948, was appointed the military governor of Hyderabad, to restore law and order, and served until 1949.

Assistance during the Korean War (1950-1953)

During the Korean War, although deciding against sending combat forces, India sent its 60th Parachute Field Ambulance unit to aid the UN troops fighting against the North Korean invasion of South Korea, as part of the 1st Commonwealth Division. In the aftermath of the war, an Indian infantry brigade formed the Custodian Force of India, some of whose soldiers were also part of the Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, which assisted in the exchange of prisoners of war and was headed by Lieutenant General K. S. Thimayya.

Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu (1961)

Even though the British and French vacated all their colonial possessions in the Indian subcontinent, Portugal refused to relinquish control of its colonies of Goa, Daman, and Diu. After repeated attempts by India to negotiate were spurned by Portuguese prime minister and dictator, António de Oliveira Salazar, on 12 December 1961 India launched Operation Vijay to capture the Portuguese colonies, which was accomplished by small contingents of Indian troops. After a brief conflict that lasted twenty-six hours-during which 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed, the Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque was destroyed, and over 3,000 Portuguese were captured-Portuguese General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva surrendered to Major General Kunhiraman Palat Kandoth of the Indian Army. Goa, Daman, and Diu became a part of the Republic of India.

Sino-Indian War (1962)

The cause of this war was a dispute over the sovereignty of the widely separated Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh border regions. Aksai Chin, claimed by India as part of Kashmir, and by China as part of Xinjiang, contains an important road link that connects the Chinese regions of Tibet and Xinjiang. China's construction of this road was one of the triggers of the conflict.

Small-scale clashes between Indian and Chinese forces broke out as India insisted on the disputed McMahon Line being regarded as the international border between the two countries. Chinese troops claimed not to have retaliated to the cross-border firing by Indian troops, despite sustaining losses. China's suspicion of India's involvement in Tibet created more rifts between the two countries.

In 1962, the Indian Army was ordered to move to the Thag La ridge, located near the border between Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh and about 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of the disputed McMahon Line. Meanwhile, Chinese troops had also made incursions into Indian-held territory, and tensions between the two reached a new high when Indian forces discovered the road constructed by China in Aksai Chin. After a series of failed negotiations, the People's Liberation Army attacked Indian Army positions on the Thag La ridge. This move by China caught India by surprise; and on 12 October Nehru gave orders for the Chinese to be expelled from Aksai Chin. However, poor co-ordination among various divisions of the Indian Army, and the late decision to mobilise the Indian Air Force in vast numbers, gave China a crucial tactical and strategic advantage over India. On 20 October, Chinese soldiers attacked India from both the northwest and northeast, and captured large portions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh.

As the fighting moved beyond disputed territories, China called on the Indian government to negotiate; however, India remained determined to regain lost territory. With no agreement in sight, China unilaterally withdrew its forces from Arunachal Pradesh. The reasons for the withdrawal are disputed, with India claiming various logistical problems for China and diplomatic support from the United States, while China stated that it still held territory it had staked a claim on. The dividing line between the Indian and Chinese forces was named the Line of Actual Control.

The poor decisions made by India's military commanders, and the political leadership, raised several questions. The Henderson-Brooks and Bhagat committee was soon set up by the government of India to determine the causes of the poor performance of the Indian Army. Its report criticised the decision not to allow the Indian Air Force to target Chinese transport lines, out of fear of a Chinese aerial counter-attack on Indian civilian areas. Much of the blame was placed on the then-defence minister, Krishna Menon, who resigned from his post soon after the war ended. Despite frequent calls for its release, the Henderson-Brooks report still remains classified. Neville Maxwell has written an account of the war.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

A second confrontation with Pakistan took place in 1965. Although the war is described as inconclusive, India had the better of the war and was the clear winner in tactical and strategic terms. Pakistani president Ayub Khan launched Operation Gibraltar in August 1965, during which Pakistani paramilitary troops infiltrated into Indian-administered Kashmir and attempted to ignite anti-India agitation in Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistani leaders believed that India, which was still recovering from the Sino-Indian War, would be unable to deal with a military thrust and a Kashmiri rebellion. India reacted swiftly and launched a counter-offensive against Pakistan. In reply, on 1 September Pakistan launched Operation Grand Slam, invading India's Chamb-Jaurian sector. In retaliation, the Indian Army launched a major offensive all along its border with Pakistan, with Lahore as its prime target.

Initially, the Indian Army met with considerable success in the northern sector. After launching prolonged artillery barrages against Pakistan, India was able to capture three important mountain positions in Kashmir. By 9 September, the Indian Army had made considerable inroads into Pakistan. India had its largest haul of Pakistani tanks when an offensive by Pakistan's 1st Armoured Division was blunted at the Battle of Asal Uttar, which took place on 10 September near Khemkaran. The biggest tank battle of the war was the Battle of Chawinda, the largest tank battle in history after World War II. Pakistan's defeat at the Battle of Asal Uttar hastened the end of the conflict.

At the time of the ceasefire declaration, India reported casualties of about 3,000. On the other hand, it was estimated that more than 3,800 Pakistani soldiers were killed in the conflict. About 200-300 Pakistani tanks were either destroyed or captured by India. India lost a total of 150-190 tanks during the conflict. The decision to return to pre-war positions, following the Tashkent Declaration, caused an outcry in New Delhi. It was widely believed that India's decision to accept the ceasefire was due to political factors, not military, since it was facing considerable pressure from the United States and the United Nations to cease hostilities.

1967 Sino-Indian conflict

The 1967 Sino-Indian skirmish, also known as the Cho La incident, was a military conflict between Indian troops and members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army who, on 1 October 1967, invaded Sikkim, which was then a protectorate of India. On 10 October, both sides clashed again. Defence minister Sardar Swaran Singh assured the Indian people that the government was taking care of developments along the border. Indian losses were 88 killed, and 163 wounded, while Chinese casualties were 300 killed and 450 wounded in Nathula, and 40 in Chola. The Chinese Army left Sikkim after this defeat.

Operation against the Naxalites during 1971

Under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, during the president's rule in 1971, the Indian Army and the Indian police launched Operation Steeplechase, a gigantic "counter-insurgency" operation against the Naxalites, which resulted in the death of hundreds of Naxalites and the imprisonment of more than 20,000 suspects and cadres, including senior leaders. The army was also assisted by a brigade of para commandos and the Indian paramilitary. The operation was organised in October 1969, and Lieutenant General J.F.R. Jacob was enjoined by Govind Narain, the Home Secretary, that "there should be no publicity and no records". Jacob's request to be presented with written orders was also refused by Sam Manekshaw.

Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971

An independence movement broke out in East Pakistan which was crushed by Pakistani forces. Due to large-scale atrocities against them, thousands of Bengalis took refuge in neighbouring India causing a major refugee crisis there. In early 1971, India declared its full-support for the Bengali freedom fighters, known as Mukti Bahini, and Indian agents were extensively involved in covert operations to aid them.

On 20 November 1971, the Indian Army moved 14 Punjab Battalion, of the 45th Cavalry regiment, into Garibpur, a strategically important town in East Pakistan, near India's border, and successfully captured it. The following day, more clashes took place between Indian and Pakistani forces. Wary of India's growing involvement in the Bengali rebellion, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) launched a preemptive strike on 10 Indian air bases-at Srinagar, Jammu, Pathankot, Amritsar, Agra, Adampur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Uttarlai, and Sirsa-at 17:45 hours on 3 December. However, this aerial offensive failed to accomplish its objectives, and gave India an excuse to declare a full-scale war against Pakistan the same day. By midnight, the Indian Army, accompanied by the Indian Air Force, launched a major three-pronged assault into East Pakistan. The Indian Army won several battles on the eastern front including the decisive Battle of Hilli. The operation also included a battalion-level airborne operation on Tangail, which resulted in the capitulation of all resistance within five days. India's massive early gains were attributed largely to the speed and flexibility with which Indian armoured divisions moved across East Pakistan.

Pakistan launched a counterattack against India on the western front. On 4 December 1971, A Company of the 23rd Battalion of India's Punjab Regiment intercepted the Pakistani 51st Infantry Brigade near Ramgarh, Rajasthan. The Battle of Longewala ensued, during which A Company, though outnumbered, thwarted the Pakistani advance until the Indian Air Force directed its fighters to engage the Pakistani tanks. By the time the battle had ended, 38 Pakistani tanks and 100 armoured vehicles were either destroyed or abandoned. About 200 Pakistani troops were killed in action, while only two Indian soldiers lost their lives. Pakistan suffered another major defeat on the western front at the Battle of Basantar, which was fought from 4 to 16 December. During the battle, about 66 Pakistani tanks were destroyed and 40 more were captured. Pakistani forces were destroyed only 11 Indian tanks. By 16 December, Pakistan had lost sizeable territory on both the eastern and western fronts.

On 16 December 1971, under the command of Lt. General J. S. Arora, elements of the three corps of the Indian Army that had invaded East Pakistan entered Dhaka as a part of the Indo-Bangladesh allied force and forced Pakistani forces to surrender, one day after the conclusion of the Battle of Basantar. After Pakistan's Lt General A. A. K. Niazi signed the Instrument of Surrender, the India, as a part of the allied forces, took more than 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. By the time of the signing, 11,000 Pakistani soldiers had been killed in action, while India suffered 3,500 battle-related deaths. In addition, Pakistan lost 220 tanks during the battle compared to India's 69.

In 1972, the Simla Agreement was signed between the two countries, although subsequent incidences of heightened tensions has resulted in continued military vigilance on both sides.

Siachen conflict (1984)

The Siachen Glacier, although a part of the Kashmir region, was not demarcated on maps prepared and exchanged between the two sides in 1947. In consequence, prior to the 1980s neither India nor Pakistan maintained a permanent military presence in the region. However, beginning in the 1950s, Pakistan began sending mountaineering expeditions to the glacier. By the early 1980s, the Government of Pakistan was granting special expedition permits to mountaineers and United States Army maps showed Siachen as a part of Pakistan. This practice gave rise to the term oropolitics.

India, possibly irked by these developments, launched Operation Meghdoot in April 1984. An entire battalion of the Kumaon Regiment was airlifted to the glacier. Pakistani forces responded quickly, and clashes between the two followed. The Indian Army secured the strategic Sia La and Bilafond La mountain passes, and by 1985 more than 2,600 km ² (1,000 sq mi) of territory claimed by Pakistan was under Indian control. The Indian Army continues to control all of the Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers. Pakistan has made several unsuccessful attempts to regain control over Siachen. In late 1987, Pakistan mobilised about 8,000 troops and garrisoned them near Khapalu, aiming to capture Bilafond La. However, they were repulsed by Indian Army personnel guarding Bilafond. During the battle, about 23 Indian soldiers lost their lives, while more than 150 Pakistani troops perished. Further unsuccessful attempts to reclaim positions were launched by Pakistan in 1990, 1995, 1996, and 1999, most notably in Kargil in the latter year.

India continues to maintain a strong military presence in the region, despite inhospitable conditions. The conflict over Siachen is regularly cited as an example of mountain warfare. The highest peak in the Siachen Glacier region, Saltoro Kangri, could be viewed as strategically important for India because of its height, which would enable Indian forces to monitor Pakistani or Chinese movements in the area. Maintaining control over Siachen poses several logistical challenges for the Indian Army. Several infrastructure projects were constructed in the region, including a helipad at an elevation of 6,400 m (21,000 ft). In 2004, the Indian Army was spending an estimated US$2 million a month to support its personnel stationed in the region.

Counter-insurgency activities

The Indian Army has played a crucial role in fighting insurgents and terrorists within the nation. The army launched Operation Blue Star and Operation Woodrose in the 1980s to combat Sikh insurgents. The army, along with some paramilitary forces, has the prime responsibility of maintaining law and order in the troubled Jammu and Kashmir region, under Northern Command. The Indian Army sent a contingent to Sri Lanka in 1987 as a part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force. The Indian Army also successfully conducted Operation Golden Bird in 1995, as a counter-insurgency operation in northeast India.

Kargil war (1999)

In 1998, India carried out nuclear tests; and a few days later, Pakistan responded with nuclear tests of its own, giving both countries nuclear deterrence capability, although India had tested a hydrogen bomb, which Pakistan lacked. Diplomatic tensions eased after the Lahore Summit was held in 1999. However, the sense of optimism was short-lived. In mid-1999, Pakistani paramilitary forces and Kashmiri insurgents captured the deserted, but strategic, Himalayan heights in the Kargil district of India. These had been vacated by the Indian Army during the onset of the inhospitable winter and were to be reoccupied in spring. The troops that took control of these areas received important support, of both arms and supplies, from Pakistan. Some of the heights under their control, which also included the Tiger Hill, overlooked the vital Srinagar- Leh Highway ( NH 1A), Batalik, and Dras.

Once the scale of the Pakistani incursion was realised, the Indian Army quickly mobilised about 200,000 troops, and Operation Vijay was launched. However, since the heights were under Pakistani control, India was at a clear strategic disadvantage. From their observation posts, the Pakistani forces had a clear line-of-sight to lay down indirect artillery fire on NH 1A, inflicting heavy casualties on the Indians. This was a serious problem for the Indian Army as the highway was its main supply route. Thus, the Indian Army's first priority was to recapture peaks that were in the immediate vicinity of NH 1A. This resulted in Indian troops first targeting the Tiger Hill and Tololing complex in Dras. This was soon followed by more attacks on the Batalik-Turtok sub-sector, which provided access to Siachen Glacier. Point 4590, which had the nearest view of the NH 1A, was successfully recaptured by Indian forces on 14 June.

Following the Washington Accord of 4 July, where Sharif agreed to withdraw Pakistani troops, most of the fighting came to a gradual halt; but some Pakistani forces remained in positions on the Indian side of the LOC. In addition, the United Jihad Council (an umbrella group for all extremists) rejected Pakistan's plan for a draw-down, deciding instead to fight on. The Indian Army launched its final attacks in the last week of July. As soon as the Dras sub-sector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July, which has since been celebrated as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, India had resumed control of all the territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 per the Shimla Accord. By the time all hostilities had ended, the number of Indian soldiers killed during the conflict stood at 527, while more than 700 regular members of the Pakistani Army had been killed. The number of Islamist fighters, also known as Mujahideen, killed by Indian armed forces during the conflict stood at about 3,000.

2016 Surgical Strikes on Kashmir and the 2016-2018 India-Pakistan conflict

On 18 September 2016, a fedayeen attack was made by four armed militants on an army base near the town of Uri. Nineteen Indian Army soldiers were killed. India accused Jaish-e-Muhammad, a Pakistan-based terrorist organisation. On 29 September 2016, the India Army announced that it conducted " surgical strikes" against militant launch pads across the Line of Control, in Pakistani-administered Kashmir, and inflicted "significant casualties". Indian media reported the casualty figures variously from 35 to 70 killed. Partial footage of the strikes was released to the Indian media on 27 June 2018 as proof of the strike. The incident triggered the 2016-2018 India-Pakistan border conflict, which ended on 16 June 2018 with both India and Pakistan agreeing on a ceasefire.

United Nations peacekeeping missions

India has been the largest troop contributor to UN peacekeeping missions since its inception. So far, India has taken part in 43 Peacekeeping missions, with a total contribution exceeding 160,000 troops and a significant number of police personnel having been deployed. In 2014, India was the third largest troop contributor (TCC), with 7,860 personnel deployed, of which 995 were police personnel, including the first UN Female Formed Police Unit, serving with ten UN peacekeeping missions. As of 30 June 2014, 157 Indians have been killed during such missions. The Indian army has also provided paramedical units to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded.

Indo-China Doklam issue

Major exercises

Operation Brasstacks

Operation Brasstacks was launched by the Indian Army in November 1986 to simulate a full-scale war on India's western border. The exercise was the largest ever conducted in India; it included nine infantry, three mechanised, three armoured divisions, and one air assault division, as well as three independent armoured brigades. Amphibious assault exercises were also conducted with the Indian Navy. Brasstacks also allegedly incorporated nuclear attack drills. It led to tensions with Pakistan and a subsequent rapprochement in mid-1987.

Exercise Nomadic Elephant

Exercise Ashwamedha

Indian Army tested its network-centric warfare capabilities in the Ashwamedha exercise. The exercise was held in the Thar desert, and over 300,000 troops participated. Asymmetric warfare capability was also tested by the Indian Army during the exercise.

Exercise Yudh Abhyas

The Yudh Abhyas exercise is an ongoing series, since 2005, of joint exercises between the Indian and United States armies, agreed upon under the New Framework of the India-US Defence Relationship. Commencing at the platoon level, the exercise has graduated to a command post (CPX) and field training exercise (FTX).

The eighth edition of Yudh Abhyas was conducted from 3 to 17 May 2013 as a U.S.-Army-Pacific-sponsored bilateral training exercise with the Indian Army, an exercise that focused on the two countries' cultures, weapons training, and tactics. Units from the United States included the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division, from Fort Bragg, N.C., and the 3rd Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Regiment. Units from India were the Indian Army's 99th Mountain Brigade; the 2nd Battalion, 5th Gurka Rifles; the 50th Independent Parachute Brigade; and the 54th Engineers Regiment.

Exercise Shakti

The Shakti exercise is an ongoing series, since 2011, of joint exercises between the Indian and French armies. The exercise is conducted to practice and validate anti-terrorist operations in snowbound and mountainous areas. The first joint exercise was held in India in October 2011 and the second one in September 2013. The theme of the exercise is to conduct joint platoon-level counter-insurgency operations in high-altitude mountainous terrain under the UN Charter, thus emphasising the shared concerns of both countries regarding global terrorism. An added aim of the exercise is to qualitatively enhance knowledge of each other's military procedures, thus increasing the scope for interoperability and the ability to respond to a common threat. The twelve-day exercise with the French Army is scheduled to be conducted in multiple modules in order to achieve complete integration between the two contingents at every stage.

Exercise Shoorveer

From the first week of April to the first week of May 2012, the Indian Army launched a massive summer exercise in the Rajasthan desert, involving over 50,000 troops and several hundred artillery pieces and infantry combat vehicles, as part of its efforts to shore up its battle worthiness on the western front, the border with Pakistan. The exercise, code-named "Shoorveer", was being conducted by the Jaipur-based South Western Command. This was the largest ever exercise conducted by Indian army since 1947. The collective training started with the honing of basic battle procedures and tactical drills.

A number of field firings were carried out to check the accuracy and lethality of weapon systems. Many innovations, adopted by units and formations to enhance combat power, were tested in the field. The troops built on the training momentum gradually, with increasing combat tempo, to set the stage for a major joint army-air force exercise in the later part of the exercise.

Exercise Rudra Akrosh

In May 2012, the Indian Army conducted a number of war games aimed (according to officials) at validating "the operational and transformational effectiveness of various formations under the Western Army Command". The exercise involved approximately 20,000 troops and support from the Indian Air Force.

Exercise Shatrujeet

In April 2016, the Indian Army conducted a major exercise called Shatrujeet, with the elite Mathura-based Strike Corps in the desert area of the Mahajan Field Firing Range in Rajasthan, whose object was to evaluate the capability to strike deep into enemy territory, to deliver a quick, lethal strike against the enemy in an integrated air-land battle environment, with co-ordination among all the forces in a nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare scenario.

Mission and doctrine

Initially, the army's main objective was to defend the nation's frontiers. However, over the years, the army has also taken up the responsibility of providing internal security, especially against insurgencies in Kashmir and Northeast India. Currently, the army is also looking at enhancing its special forces capabilities. With India's increasing international role, and the requirement to protect its interests in far-off countries becomes important, the Indian Army and Indian Navy are jointly planning to set up a marine brigade.

The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilising holding formations and strike formations. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy and strike formations would counter-attack to neutralise enemy forces. In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down, whilst the strike formations would attack at a point of India's choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role.

Organisation

Chief of the Army Staff

General Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC

Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Information Systems & Training)

Lieutenant General Saranjit Singh UYSM, YSM

Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Planning & Systems)

Lieutenant General Sudharshan Shrikant Hasabnis PVSM, VSM, ADC

Adjutant General

Lieutenant General Arvind Dutta PVSM, AVSM, YSM

Master General of Ordnance

Lieutenant General S K Upadhya PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM

Engineer-in-Chief

Lieutenant General Harpal Singh PVSM, AVSM, VSM

Quartermaster General

The troops are organized into 40 Divisions in 14 Corps. Army headquarters is located in the Indian capital, New Delhi, and it is under the overall command of the Chief of Army Staff (COAS).

Command structure

The army operates six operational commands and one training command. Each command is headed by General Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Lieutenant General. Each command directly reports to Army HQ in New Delhi. These commands are given below in order of creation, with location (city) and commanders listed. There is also the Army Training Command abbreviated ARTRAC. Besides these, army officers may head tri-service commands such as the Strategic Forces Command and Andaman and Nicobar Command, as well as institutions such as the Integrated Defence Staff.

Note: ** = Currently being raised

Combat Arms

Not to be confused with the field corps listed above, the corps mentioned below are divisions entrusted with specific pan-Army tasks.

The Indian Territorial Army has battalions affiliated with different infantry regiments and some department units that are from the Corps of Engineers, Army Medical Corps, or the Army Service Corps. They serve as a part-time reserve. On 4 June 2017, the chief of staff announced that the Army was planning to open combat positions to women, who would first be appointed to positions in the military police.

Armoured Corps

There are 65 armoured regiments in the Indian Army (including). These include the President's Bodyguard and 61st Cavalry the as well as the following historic regiments dating back to the nineteenth century or earlier: 1st (Skinner's) Horse, the 2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse), the 3rd Cavalry, the 4th (Hodson's) Horse, the 7th Light Cavalry, the 8th Light Cavalry, the 9th (Deccan) Horse, the 14th (Scinde) Horse, the 17th (Poona) Horse, the 15th Lancers, the 16th Light Cavalry, the 18th Cavalry, the 20th Lancers and the 21st (Central India) Horse. A substantial number of additional units designated as either "Cavalry" or "Armoured" Regiments have been raised since Independence.

Mechanised Infantry

The Mechanised Infantry is the newest combat arm of the Indian Army. Often referred to as "tomorrow's arm in today's army", it is formed of two regiments- The Brigade of the Guards and Mechanised Infantry Regiment-and comprises 48 Mechanised Infantry battalions in all. It is the brainchild of General Krishnaswamy Sundarji (28 April 1930 - 8 February 1999), who was the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1986 to 1988. During the late 70s, as part of Indian Army modernisation, there was an urgent need to re-calibrate the Indian Mechanised Forces, which led to the forming of Mechanised Infantry units to further the shock-action, fire-power, flexibility, and mobility of armoured formations by including ground-holding ability. The Mechanised Infantry regiments were first created with carefully selected existing Infantry battalions, based on their operational performance. As the need for more mechanised battalions grew, the elite Brigade of The Guards were also converted to the mechanised profile. The two regiments along with the Armoured Corps form part of the Indian Army's elite "Mechanised Forces".

Infantry

Upon its inception, the Indian Army inherited the British Army's organisational structure, which is still maintained today. Therefore, like its predecessor, an Indian infantry regiment's responsibility is not to undertake field operations but to provide battalions and well trained personnel to the field formations. As such, it is common to find battalions of the same regiment spread across several brigades, divisions, corps, commands, and even theatres. Like its British and Commonwealth counterparts, troops enlisted within the regiment are immensely loyal, take great pride in the regiment to which they are assigned, and generally spend their entire career within the regiment.

Most Indian Army infantry regiments recruit based on certain selection criteria, such as region (for example, the Assam Regiment), caste/community ( Jat Regiment), or religion ( Sikh Regiment). Most regiments continue the heritage of regiments raised under the British Raj, but some have been raised after independence, some of which have specialised in border defence, in particular the Ladakh Scouts, the Arunachal Scouts, and the Sikkim Scouts.

Over the years there have been fears that troops' allegiance lay more with their regiments and the regions/castes/communities/religions from which they were recruited, as opposed to the Indian union as a whole. Thus some "all India" or "all class" regiments have been created, which recruit troops from all over India, regardless of region, caste, community, or religion: such as the Brigade of the Guards (which later converted to the Mechanised Infantry profile) and the Parachute Regiment.

Artillery

The Regiment of Artillery is the second largest arm of the Indian Army, constituting nearly one sixth of the Army's total strength. Originally raised in 1935 as part of the Royal Indian Artillery of the British Indian Army, the Regiment is now tasked with providing the Army's towed and self-propelled field artillery, including guns, howitzers, heavy mortars, rockets, and missiles.

As an integral part of nearly all combat operations conducted by the Indian Army, the Regiment of Artillery has a history of being a major contributor to its military success. During the Kargil War, it was the Indian Artillery that inflicted the most damage. Over the years, five artillery officers have gone on to the Army's highest post as Chief of Army Staff.

For some time, the Regiment of Artillery commanded a significantly larger share of the Army's personnel than it does now, as it was also responsible for air defense artillery and some aviation assets. The 1990s saw the formation of the Corps of Army Air Defence and the coalescing of all aviation assets into the Army Aviation Corps. The arm is now focused on field artillery, and supplies regiments and batteries to each of the operational commands. The home of the Regiment is in Nashik, Maharashtra, where their headquarters is located, along with the service's museum. The School of Artillery of the Indian Army is located nearby, in Devlali.

After suffering consistent failure to import or produce modern artillery for three decades, the Regiment of Artillery is finally going ahead with procurement of brand new 130-mm and 155-mm guns. The Army is also putting large numbers of rocket launchers into service, with 22 regiments to be equipped with the indigenously-developed Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher by the end of the next decade.

Corps of Engineers

The Indian Army Corps of Engineers has a long history dating back to the mid-18th century. The earliest existing subunit of the Corps (18 Field Company) dates back to 1777, while the Corps officially recognises its birth as 1780, when the senior-most group of the Corps, the Madras Sappers, were raised. The Corps consists of three groups of combat engineers, namely the Madras Sappers, the Bengal Sappers, and the Bombay Sappers. A group is roughly analogous to a regiment of Indian infantry, each group consisting of a number of engineer regiments. The engineer regiment is the basic combat-engineer unit, analogous to an infantry battalion.

Corps of Signals

Army Aviation Corps

The Army Aviation Corps, formed on 1 November 1986, is the aviation arm of the Indian Army. It is headed by a Director General with the rank of Lieutenant General at Army HQ in New Delhi.

Corps of Army Air Defence

The Corps of Army Air Defence (abbreviated AAD) is an active corps of the Indian Army, and a major combat formation tasked with the air defences of the country from foreign threats. The Corps is responsible for the protection of Indian air space from enemy aircraft and missiles, especially those below 5,000 feet.

The history of the AAD dates back to 1939, during the times of the British Raj in India. The corps actively took part in the Second World War, fighting on behalf of the British Empire. Post-independence, the corps has participated in all the wars involving India, starting with the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War, up to the 1999 Kargil conflict. The corps enjoyed autonomous status from 1994, after the bifurcation of the Corps of Air Defence Artillery from the Army's artillery regiment. A separate training school, the Army Air Defence College (AADC), was established to train its personnel.

Para (Special Forces)

Para (Special Forces), commonly known as Para SF, is the special operations unit of Indian Army. It is part of the Bangalore-based Parachute Regiment.

Recruitment and Training

Pre-commission training of Gentlemen Cadets is carried out at the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun and the Officers Training Academy at Chennai. There are also specialised training institutions such as the Army War College, at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh; the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS), at Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir; the Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (CIJW), in Vairengte, Mizoram; and the College of Military Engineering (CME), in Pune.

The Army Training Command (ARTRAC), at Shimla, supervises training of personnel.

In 2020 a 'Tour of Duty' scheme was proposed for voluntary recruitment into the forces for civilians, to enable them to join for a period of three years of short service. The scheme is on a trial basis and will start with a test group of 100 officers and 1000 jawans.

Intelligence

The Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI) is an intelligence-gathering arm of the Indian Army. The MI (as it is commonly referred to) was constituted in 1941. It was initially created to check corruption in the Army's own ranks. With time, its role has evolved into cross-border intelligence, intelligence sharing with friendly nations, infiltrating insurgent groups, and counter-terrorism.

In the late 1970s, the MI was embroiled in the Samba spy scandal, wherein three Indian Army officers were falsely implicated as Pakistani spies. The organisation has since emerged from the scandal as a prime intelligence organisation of the Indian Army.

Field formations

Below are the basic field formations of the Indian Army:

Command: Indian Army has six operational commands and one training command. Each one is headed by a general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C), known as the army commander, who is among the seniormost Lieutenant General officers in the army.

Corps: A command generally consists of two or more corps. Indian Army has 14 Corps each one commanded by a general officer commanding (GOC), known as the corps commander, who holds the rank of Lieutenant General. Each corps is composed of three or four divisions. There are three types of corps in the Indian Army: Strike, Holding and Mixed. The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.

Division: Each division is headed by GOC (division commander) in the rank of major general. It usually consists of three to four Brigades. Currently, the Indian Army has 40 Divisions including four RAPIDs (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Division), 18 Infantry Divisions, 12 Mountain Divisions, three Armoured Divisions and three Artillery Divisions.

Brigade: A brigade generally consists of around 3,000 combat troops with supporting elements. An Infantry Brigade usually has three Infantry battalions along with various Support Elements. It is commanded by a brigade commander who is a Brigadier, equivalent to a brigadier general in some armies. In addition to the Brigades in various Army Divisions, the Indian Army also has five Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, seven Independent Infantry Brigades, one Independent Parachute Brigade, three Independent Air Defence Brigades, two Independent Air Defence Groups and four Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).

Battalion: Composed of four rifle companies. Commanded by a battalion commander who is a Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. Every infantry battalion also possesses one Ghatak Platoon.

Company: Composed of three platoons. Commanded by a company commander who is a major or lieutenant-colonel.

Battery: Comprising either 3 or 4 sections, in artillery and air defence units. Every battery has two officers, the senior of which is the Battery Commander.

Platoon: Composed of three sections. Commanded by a platoon commander who is a JCO.

Section: Smallest military outfit, with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a section commander of the rank of Havaldar.

Indian Army forts

The Indian Army is a voluntary service, and although a provision for military conscription exists in the Indian constitution, conscription has never been imposed. As of 1 July 2017, the Indian Army has a sanctioned strength of 49,932 officers (42,253 serving, being 7,679 under strength), and 1,215,049 enlisted personnel (1,194,864 serving, being 20,185 under strength). Recently, it has been proposed to increase the strength of the army by more than 90,000, to counter the increasing presence of Chinese troops along the Line of Actual Control. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, in 2020 the army had a strength of 1,237,000 active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel. Of those in reserve, 300,000 are first-line reserves (within 5 years of active service), 500,000 are committed to return if called until the age of 50, and 160,000 were in the Indian Territorial Army, with 40,000 in regular establishment. This makes the Indian Army the world's largest standing volunteer army.

Rank Structure

The ranks of the Indian Army for the most part follow the British Army tradition.

Commissioned Officers

Commissioned officers are the leaders of the army and command units from platoon/company to brigade, division, corps, and above.

Indian Army officers are continually put through different courses of training, and assessed on merit, for promotions and appointments. Substantive promotions up to lieutenant colonel, or equivalent, are based on time in service, whereas those for colonel and above are based on selection, with promotion to colonel being also based on time served.

Other Ranks

To make themselves less of a target, the forces of the East India Company in India dyed their white summer tunics to neutral tones initially a tan called khaki (from the Hindi word for "dusty"). This was a temporary measure which became standard in the Indian service in the 1880s. Only during the Second Boer War in 1902, did the entire British Army standardise on dun for Service Dress. The Indian Army uniform standardises on dun for khaki.

The Indian Army camouflage uniform consists of shirts, trousers, and cap of a synthetic material. Shirts are buttoned up with two chest pockets with buttoned flaps. Trousers have two pockets, two thigh box pockets, and a back pocket. The Indian Army Jungle camouflage dress features a jungle camouflage pattern and is designed for use in woodland environments. The Indian Army Desert camouflage, which features a desert camouflage pattern, is used by artillery and infantry posted in dusty, semi-desert, and desert areas of Rajasthan and its vicinity.

The modern Indian Army wears distinctive parade uniforms characterised by variegated turbans and waist-sashes in regimental colours. The Gurkha and Garwhal Rifles and the Assam, Kumaon, and Naga Regiments wear broad brimmed hats of traditional style. Traditionally, all rifle regiments (the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, the Garhwal Rifles, all Gorkha Rifles, and the Rajputana Rifles) as well as the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry wear rank badges, buttons, and wire-embroidered articles in black, instead of the usual brass (or gold) colour, as the original role of the rifle regiments was camouflage and concealment.

Medals and awards

The medals awarded by the President of India for gallantry displayed on the battlefield, in order of precedence, are Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, and Vir Chakra.

The medals awarded by the President for gallantry displayed away from the battlefield, in order of precedence, are Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra.

Many of the recipients of these awards have been Indian Army personnel.

The role of women in the Indian Army began when the Indian Military Nursing Service was formed in 1888. Nurses served in World Wars I and II, where 350 Indian Army nurses either died, were taken prisoner of war, or declared missing in action; this includes nurses who died when SS Kuala was sunk by Japanese Bombers in 1942. In 1992, the Indian Army began inducting women officers in non-medical roles. On 19 January 2007, the United Nations first all-female peacekeeping force, made up of 105 Indian policewomen, was deployed to Liberia. In 2014, India's army had 3 percent women, the Navy 2.8 percent, and the Air Force, the highest, with 8.5 percent women. In 2015, India opened new combat air force roles for women as fighter pilots, adding to their role as helicopter pilots in the Indian Air Force.

Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. The Defence Research and Development Organisation has developed a range of weapons for the Indian Army, including small arms, artillery, radars, and the Arjun tank. All Indian military small-arms are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the Ordnance Factories Board, with principal firearm manufacturing facilities in Ichhapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur, and Tiruchirapalli. The Indian Small Arms System ( INSAS) rifle, which has been successfully deployed since 1997, is a product of Rifle Factory Ishapore, while ammunition is manufactured at Khadki, and possibly at Bolangir.

In 2014, Army chief General Bikram Singh said that if given sufficient budget support, the Indian Army might be able to acquire half the ammunition needed to fight in a major conflict by the next year.

Aircraft

On 13 October 2012, the defence minister gave control of attack helicopters to the Indian Army, which had formerly rested the Indian Air force.

Future developments

F-INSAS is the Indian Army's principal infantry modernisation programme, which aims to modernise the army's 465 infantry and paramilitary battalions by 2020. The programme aims to upgrade the infantry to a multi-calibre rifle with an under-barrel grenade launcher, as well as bulletproof jackets and helmets. The helmet would include a visor, flashlight, thermal sensors, night vision devices, and a miniature computer with audio headset. There would also be a new lightweight and waterproof uniform, which would help the soldier in carrying extra loads and fighting in an NBC environment.

India is currently re-organising its mechanised forces to achieve strategic mobility and high-volume firepower for rapid thrusts into enemy territory. India proposes to progressively deploy as many as 248 Arjun main battle tanks (MBT) and to develop and deploy the Arjun MK-II variant, as well as 1,657 Russian-made T-90S MBTs. The army is procuring 2,000 night vision devices for T-72 tanks, for Rs 10 billion; 1,200 for T-90 tanks, for Rs 9.60 billion; and 1,780 for infantry combat vehicles, for Rs 8.60 billion. It is also acquiring 700 TISAS (thermal imaging stand alone systems) and 418 TIFACS (thermal fire control systems) for its T-72 fleet, at a cost of around $230 million. 300 Israeli TISAS were installed as part of several T-72 upgrade phases, followed by 3,860 image intensifier-based night-vision devices. 310 Russian produced T-90S Main Battle Tanks were also fitted with French Catherine TI cameras.

In 2008, the Cabinet Committee on Security approved raising two new infantry mountain divisions (with around 15,000 combat soldiers each) and an artillery brigade. These divisions were likely to be armed with ultralight howitzers. In July 2009, it was reported that the Army was advocating a new artillery division. The proposed artillery division, to be under the Kolkata-based Eastern Command, was to have three brigades - two armed with 155 mm howitzers and one with the Russian "Smerch" and indigenous "Pinaka" multiple-launch rocket systems.

The major ongoing weapons programmes of the Indian Army are as follows:

Tanks and Armoured vehicles

Arjun MK-III - main battle tank

Futuristic Battle Tank (FMBT) - The FMBT will be a lighter tank of 50 tons. At conceptual stage.

Abhay IFV - Future Infantry Combat Vehicle

TATA Kestrel - A modern armoured personnel carrier (APC) developed by Tata Motors and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is developed with the intention to replace old Soviet-era infantry fighting vehicles (BMP) and APCs in service with Indian army. It is expected to join Indian Army by 2017.

The procurement process for 197 light utility helicopters (LUH) has been scrapped; only 64 will be inducted in the Army Aviation to replace the Cheetak and Cheetah Helicopters.

HAL Light Utility Helicopter (LUH) - requirement for 384 helicopters for both the army and air force.

HAL has obtained a firm order to deliver 114 HAL Light Combat Helicopters to the Indian Army.

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Agni-V - 5,500 km (3,400 mi)-8,000 km (5,000 mi) Successfully Tested third time canistered version by DRDO on 31 January 2015.

Agni-VI - 8,000 km (5,000 mi)-12,000 km (7,500 mi) range with MIRVed warheads. Currently in planning stage.

Cruise Missiles

Tactical Ballistic Missiles

Prahaar (missile) - With a range of 150 km (90 mi).

Agni-II (missile) - It a ballistic missile with a range of 2000-3500 km with a speed of 3.5 km/s.

Agni-III (missile) - It is the successor to the Agni-II missile with an effective range of 3500-5000 km with a speed of 5-6 km/s.

Agni-IV - Also known as the Agni-II prime in the earlier times, it has an effective range of 4000 km and a cruise altitude of 900 km.

Shaurya (missile) - It has a range of between 750 km (470 mi)-1,900 km (1,200 mi)

Anti-Tank Guided Missiles

The Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. It is a double-tiered system consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for high altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for lower altitude interception.

Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure 3000 to 4000 pieces of artillery at the cost of ₹200 billion (US$3 billion). This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked, and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/39 calibre guns. The requirement for artillery guns would be met with indigenous development and production.

Earlier development efforts of the DRDO to meet the Indian Army's small arms requirements-namely the Excalibur rifle, which was meant to replace the INSAS rifle in service; the Multi Caliber Individual Weapon System (MCIWS); and the Modern Sub Machine Carbine, a combined venture of ARDE & OFB to develop an assault carbine for the Indian Army based on a platform of experiences from the INSAS rifle-have been halted.

The Indian Army has chosen instead to procure 72,400 Sig Sauer SIG 716 G2 Patrol high-performance assault rifles for its frontline troops engaged in counter-militancy operations, and the Caracal CAR 816 to meet a requirement of 94,000 close quarter battle carbines.

To meet the needs of the rest of its soldiers, the army has selected the Russian 7.62 mm AK-103/AK-203 assault rifle as a "Make in India" project to manufacture 650,000 rifles through a government-to-government agreement.

Tata Motors offers a full range of 6×6, 8×8, and 12×12 multi-purpose high mobility carriers, designed especially for integrating specialist rocket and missile systems. The Tata 2038 6×6 vehicle platform has, after rigorous field-firing evaluation trials, been qualified by the Indian Army to carry the GRAD BM21 Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) application.

Mahindra Axe - Light utility vehicle to be purchased.

The army needs 3,000 light support vehicles and 1600 heavy motor vehicles for mounting rockets and radar, and for reconnaissance and transportation, at a cost of Rs 15 billion.

References

1. ^ Singh, Sarbans (1993). Battle Honours of the Indian Army 1757-1971. New Delhi: Vision Books. ISBN 978-8170941156.

2. ^ Editorial Team. "10 Facts Which Prove Indian Army Living Up To Its Motto - "Service Before Self"". SSB Interview Tips & Coaching - SSBCrack. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016.

3. ^ Lydgate, John (June 1965). Quezon, Kitchener and the Problem of Indian Army Administration, 1899-1909 (PDF). SOAS Research Online (PhD thesis). University of London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2020.

4. ^ Khanduri, Chandra B. (2006). Thimayya: an amazing life. New Delhi: Knowledge World. p. 394. ISBN 978-81-87966-36-4. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016.

5. ^ "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Report on India 2007-2008" (PDF). Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2010.

6. Peter Stanley, "Great in adversity": Indian prisoners of war in New Guinea," ^ Journal of the Australian War Memorial (October 2002) No. 37 online Archived 8 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine

7. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 24 September 1949. p. 1375.

8. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 29 October 1949. p. 1520.

9. ^ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 11 February 1950. p. 227.

10. ^ Cooper, Tom (29 October 2003). "Indo-Pakistani War, 1947-1949". ACIG. Archived from the original on 13 June 2006.

11. "Kashmir in the United Nations". 28 January 1998. Archived from the original on 28 January 1998.

12. ^ CenturyChina, www.centurychina.com/plaboard/uploads/1962war.htm

13. Dennis Kux's ^ India and the United States: estranged democracies, 1941-1991, ISBN 1-4289-8189-6, DIANE Publishing, Pg 238

14. Dijkink, Gertjan. ^ National identity and geopolitical visions: maps of pride and pain. Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0-415-13934-1.

15. Praagh, David. ^ The greater game: India's race with destiny and China. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2003. ISBN 0-7735-2639-0.

16. ^ R.D. Pradhan & Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (2007). 1965 War, the Inside Story: Defence Minister Y.B. Chavan's Diary of India-Pakistan War. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-269-0762-5. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016.

17. Sumit Ganguly. "Pakistan". In ^ India: A Country Study Archived 1 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine (James Heitzman and Robert L. Worden, editors). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (September 1995).

18. "Indo-Pakistan Wars". Microsoft Encarta 2008. Archived 8 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 31 October 2009.

19. ^ Thomas M. Leonard (2006). Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 2. Taylor & Francis, 2006. ISBN 978-0-415-97663-3.

20. ^ Mishra, Keshav (2004). Rapprochement Across the Himalayas: Emerging India-China Relations Post Cold War Period (1947-2003). p. 40. ISBN 9788178352947. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016.

21. ^ Hoontrakul, Pongsak (2014). The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics (illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 37. ISBN 9781137412355. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016.

22. ^ Lawoti, Mahendra; Pahari, Anup Kumar (2009). "Part V: Military and state dimension". The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the Twenty-first Century. London: Routledge. p. 208. ISBN 978-11-35261-68-9. The second turning point came in the wake of the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence which India supported with armed troops. With large contingents of Indian Army troops amassed in the West Bengal border with what was then East Pakistan, the Government of Indira Gandhi used the opening provided by President's Rule to divert sections of the army to assist the police in decisive counter-insurgency drives across Naxal-impacted areas. "Operation Steeplechase," a police and army joint anti-Naxalite undertaking, was launched in July-August 1971. By the end of "Operation Steeplechase" over 20,000 suspected Naxalites were imprisoned and including senior leaders and cadre, and hundreds had been killed in police encounters. It was a massive counter-insurgency undertaking by any standards.

23. ^ Pandita, Rahul (2011). Hello, Bastar : The Untold Story of India's Maoist Movement. Chennai: Westland (Tranquebar Press). pp. 23-24. ISBN 978-93-80658-34-6. OCLC 754482226. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Meanwhile, the Congress government led by Indira Gandhi decided to send in the army and tackle the problem militarily. A combined operation called Operation Steeplechase was launched jointly by military, paramilitary and state police forces in West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
In Kolkata, Lt General J.F.R. Jacob of the Indian Army's Eastern Command received two very important visitors in his office in October 1969. One was the army chief General Sam Manekshaw and the other was the home secretary Govind Narain. Jacob was told of the Centre's plan to send in the army to break the Naxal. More than 40 years later, Jacob would recall how he had asked for more troops, some of which he got along with a brigade of para commandos. When he asked his boss to give him something in writing, Manekshaw declined, saying, 'Nothing in writing.' while secretary Narain added that there should be no publicity and no records.

24. Tim McGirk with Aravind Adiga. ^ "War at the Top of the World". (4 May 2005). Archived 27 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine

25. ^ Bhaumik, Subir (10 December 2009). Troubled Periphery: The Crisis of India's North East By Subir Bhaumik. ISBN 9788132104797. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017.

26. Kashmir in the Shadow of War By Robert Wirsing Published by M.E. Sharpe, 2003 ^ ISBN 0-7656-1090-6 pp36

27. ^ Managing Armed Conflicts in the 21st Century By Adekeye Adebajo, Chandra Lekha Sriram Published by Routledge pp192,193

28. ^ The State at War in South Asia By Pradeep Barua Published by U of Nebraska Press Page 261

29. ^ Colonel Ravi Nanda (1999). Kargil : A Wake Up Call. Vedams Books. ISBN 978-81-7095-074-5. Online summary of the Book Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

30. Michael Edward Brown. ^ Offense, defence, and war. MIT Press (2004), p. 393 Archived 6 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

31. ^ "Uri avenged: 35-40 terrorists, 9 Pakistani soldiers killed in Indian surgical strikes". 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.

32. ^ "United Nations peacekeeping - Fatalities By Year up to 30 June 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2017.

33. ^ "'Ashwamedha' reinforces importance of foot soldiers". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.

34. ^ "Steele_August2013.pdf - Association of the United States Army" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2013.

35. ^ "Indo-French Joint Army Exercise "Shakti 2016"". Facebook. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.

36. ^ "'Make in India' not just confined to India anymore, benefitting others: Jitendra Singh". Outlook. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018.

37. ^ "Lt Gen Arvind Dutta Appointed Adjutant General of Indian Army". ANI. 30 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019.

38. ^ Divisions and Corps of Indian Army, Global Security Archived 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

39. ^ "Corps Of Signals - Inaugural: Ceremony Centenary Year". Ministry of Defence. 15 February 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014.

40. ^ "Major General Joyce Gladys Roach takes over as ADG, MNS - India Strategic".

41. ^ Richard Rinaldi; Ravi Rikhye (2010). Indian Army Order of Battle. General Data LLC. ISBN 978-0982054178. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016.

42. ^ (Iiss), The International Institute of Strategic Studies (14 February 2020). The Military Balance 2020. Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated. ISBN 9780367466398.

43. ^ "General V K Singh takes over as new Indian Army chief". The Times of India. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016.

44. "India paves way for women in military combat roles" ^ Channel NewsAsia 24 Oct 2015 Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine

45. ^ The New Guardian India unveils an all new anti-ballistic missile expected to be the fore-runner of a sophisticated air defence system to thwart, among other threats, a Pakistani nuclear weapons attack

Further reading

External links

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Indian Army Founded 1 April 1895; 126 years ago Country India Type Army Role Land warfare Size 1,237,117 active personnel[1] 960,000 reserve personnel[2] Part of Indian Armed Forces Headquarters Integrated Defence Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi Motto(s) Service Before Self Colours Gold, red and black March Anniversaries Army Day:

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Death is lighter than a feather but the Indian Army has a duty which is heavier than a mountain.

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We are safe because we have our Army keeping us protected each and every moment.... Salute to our Army and best wishes on Indian Army Day 2022.

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Thank you ! For protecting our country.
I am and I will always be proud to be an Indian. It is because of you we all sleep peacefully. Thank you again.
JAI HIND

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Dear Army,

Thank you for protecting this country. You have always put this country first before your lives. Your loyalty has extended to a point that you have ended up sacrificing your lives just to give us peaceful nights to sleep in.
I am extremely proud to be an Indian

Jai Hind!
By - Divija Gohain

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I salute how the LEGENDARY INDIAN ARMY of ours is constantly improvising through their hard work and sacrifices..
I salute how it has been 74 YEARS from independence...
I salute how in spite of being imprisoned in our own country during more than 200 years by BRITISHERS, we INDIANS still continue to grow with all the integrity..
I salute INDIAN ARMY for their determination towards their work!
At last,

I SALUTE THE INDIAN ARMY, INDIAN FLAG AND OUR INDIA!!!

Thank You-
By Kinjal Singh- 6th C

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A heart touching poem for all our brave soilders out there:
If i die in a war zone,
box me up and send me home,
put my medals on my chest,
tell my mom i did my best,
tell my dad not to bow,
he won't get tension from me now,
tell my brother to study perfectly,
keys of my bike will be his permanently,
tell my sis not to be upset,
her bro will rise after this sunset,
tell my love not to cry,
"BECAUSE I AM A SOLIDER BORN TO DIE"

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We don't need a special day to remember our war heroes but we need one to honour them and their bravery every year.
Wishing all the soldiers a happy Indian army day.
Jai Hind

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Salute to the soldiers who sacrificed for us. Happy Indian Army Day

# data[].attributes.subject
Salute to the soldiers who sacrificed for us. Happy Indian Army Day

# data[].attributes.body
On Indian Army Day let us salute all the heroes who brought us freedom and all the heroes who are protecting it.

# data[].attributes.body
Salute our soldiers on army day. Let us celebrate Indian Army Day by saluting all the army men for their bravery, dedication, and patriotism. Let us come together to celebrate National Army Day to honour our brave soldiers who are the reason behind our pride, our smiles. Happy army day 2022!

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Some Goals are so Worthy that it's glorious even to fail.

# data[].attributes.subject
Some Goals are so Worthy that it's glorious even to fail.

# data[].attributes.body
Happy Indian Army Day

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Thank you for protecting India after leaving your home and sacrificing your life for us.
Happy Indian army day

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You are gods for us like gods save us you also do it. We respect you and our respect will never be lost. We honour you for your bravery, services, sacrifices, saving people and many more. When a soilder dies he tells before his death that " I'm a soilder born to die"

Jai Hind
Bharat Mata Ki Jai

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happy army day

Jai hind

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The Indian flag or the 'Tiranga' does not always fly because of the wind, it does so because of the last breath of every soldier who once had sacrificed his life for the nation.
Happy Army Day
Jai Hind

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How's the josh !
Thankyou all those wise mom's who gave birth to these lifesavers
Thankyou indian army for making all my day's safe
Thankyou for keeping me rest assured
Thankyou for everything
I will suerly repay all of your love , support
not by fighting but by masking your life easy with small usefull products

Bharat Mata Ki Jai
Wande Mataram
Jai hind Jai maharashtra
- Vihaan Pandit 7H

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Every year, many armies are going in battlefields and fighting for their country. We loose many precious hearts. We could be glad to have such generous people in the world.

A quote:
"Some goals are so worthy, it's glorious even if you fail."
-Capt. Manoj Kumar Pandey, PVC 1/11 Gorkha Rifels

By:- Renae 7-D

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Salute Our Soldiers on Army Day.Let us celebrate Indian Army Day by saluting all the army men for their bravery, dedication, and patriotism.Let us come together to celebrate National Army Day to honour our brave soldiers who are the reason behind our pride, our smiles. Happy army day 2022!

# data[].attributes.subject
Salute Our Soldiers on Army Day.Let us celebrate Indian Army Day by saluting all the army men for their bravery, dedication, and patriotism.Let us come together to celebrate National Army Day to honour our brave soldiers who are the reason behind our pride, our smiles. Happy army day 2022!

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-Shravya

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Thank you soldiers who stand at the border and strive day and night. The whole nation respects you and what you have given to us, your sacrifices, your services and your valor.

Jai Hind

By:-
Vatsal Govil

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On this special day I would like to show my gratitude to all the soldiers of India who keep their lives on the line for our safety. Thank you Indian army for your sacrifices and for protecting us while risking your own. JAI HIND!

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It makes our hearts beam with pride when we look at the army of our country because you are the reason our families are safe.

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To the Indian Army Soldiers,
Thank you for everything that you have done for our country. You have protected and kept us safe, and for that I'm thankful. We are so greatful for your services, sacrifices and bravery. We will honour you forever.
-Rachel 7E

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Thank u soldiers for always being there for us.....putting your lives in risk to save ours....thank u so much

-Jishna Jain

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Happy Indian Army day

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They have been through hell and heaven just to make sure that we get a good nights sleep. They pick their nation over anything.
Many of them have even died without getting a chance to say goodbye to their family and friends. And they would do it again to make sure that our nation is safe.
My Condolence and Salutation to the martyrs who died protecting this great nation. And Salutation to those who are still protecting it.

Jai Hind!
Bharat Mata ki Jai!

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From Raghavendra Madan!!

Jo hame apni jaan ki baaji deke bachaye vo hai asli sipahi jo apni jaan ko gher kar shaheed ho kar aaye jiske khud ka bhi ek pariwaar kabhi hota tha vo hai asli sipahi

duusro ke parivar ko bacahne ke liye apne parivaar ko jjan ki baazi se laggaye vo hai sipahi

BHAAAAAAAARAAT MATAAA KI JAIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!!!!

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Dear Soldier,

It makes our heart beam with pride after seeing you save our country. Braving tough terrains and extreme weathers, you still fight.
You are an inspiration to all the Indians. Last but not the least thank you so much for keeping our family safe.

Jai Hind!!!!!

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They  fight day and night to protect us and we should not sit still and do something good for the community.

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We respect the sacrifices you give for us and you stand at the border just for us !!! The Indian army symbolises integrity and honour 

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We respect the sacrifices you give for us and you stand at the border just for us !!! The Indian army symbolises integrity and honour 

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From my family three generations are from the Indian army

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I am proud to be an Indian, Salute Our Soldiers on Army Day. Let us celebrate Indian Army Day by saluting all the army men for their bravery, dedication, and patriotism. Let us come together to celebrate National Army Day to honour our brave soldiers who are the reason behind our pride, our smiles. Happy Army Day 2022. ( copied from google just cuz )

shaurya pratap 7D lel

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A big salute to all the soldiers

# data[].attributes.body
I am proud to be an Indian, Salute Our Soldiers on Army Day. Let us celebrate Indian Army Day by saluting all the army men for their bravery, dedication, and patriotism. Let us come together to celebrate National Army Day to honour our brave soldiers who are the reason behind our pride, our smiles. Happy Army Day 2022. ( copied from google just cuz )

shaurya pratap 7D lel

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We all are just so very safe and so very sound in our houses, credits for all this sense of security only and only goes to our bravest as well as to our most courageous soldiers.

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Thank you all the soldiers for protecting us

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The Indian army is Mother India's pride.

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Thank you all the soldiers for protecting us

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to all our great leaders thank you so much for making India happier and better. Salute to those who are safeguarding hundreds of smiles in India

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Lead by example
Love by choice
Live by chance
and
Kill by profession
Indian army