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Leader/Famous person: Narmer
Fact #1: Few monuments were built during this period.
Fact #2: The upper and lower Egypt became united under a king, later called a pharaoh.

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Leader/Famous person: Djoser, Khufu
Fact #1: The old kingdom was also often called the pyramid age
Fact #2: King Djoser had his vizier and architect design a massive stepped monument: The Step Pyramid

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Leader/Famous person: Mentuhotep
Fact #1: The middle class gained access to consumer items such as jewelry and books.

Fact #2: Scribes would copy the stories and instructional writings of this time for thousands of years hence.

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Leader/Famous person: Amenhotep lll, Amenhotep lV, Hatshepsut, Ramses ll, Ramses lll, Thutmose lll
Fact #1: The new kingdom was often called the empire age.
Fact #2: The new kingdom began with the eighteenth dynasty, famous for such fascinating rulers as Hatshepsut and Amenhotep lll.

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Leader/Famous person: Psamtik
Fact #1: The Assyrians invaded Egypt in 663 BCE.
Fact #2: The Persians occupied Egypt twice until Alexander the Great arrived in 332 BCE.

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Leader/Famous person: Cleopatra Vll
Fact #1: Ptolemy gained control of Egypt, establishing a dynasty that lasted for nearly three hundred years, concluding with the tragic story of Cleopatra Vll.
Fact #2:  After Cleopatra's death, the Romans seized Egypt as its province and used her people to farm for food for their troops.