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Great description of this approach to counselling by Lisa Roundy

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Soren Kierkegaard

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Jean- Paul Sartre

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Friedrich Nietzsche

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Martin Heideggar

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" He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how" - Friedrich Nietzsche

"Man is nothing else than what he makes of himself" - Jean-Paul Sartre

"Life is not a problem to be solved but a reality to be lived." - Soren Kierkegaard

"Everyone is the other and no one is himself" Martin Heideggar

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Genuine empathy – This refers to the counselor’s ability to see and understand things from the client’s perspective.

Unconditional positive regard – Counselor must maintain a positive and non-judgmental view of their clients.

Congruence – This involves the counselor’s ability to be genuine, honest, and authentic with clients.

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Six Propositions of Existentialism:

1. The capacity for Self-Awareness:
- The more awareness there is that leads to more freedom but when there is more freedom there is more responsibility.

2. Freedom and Responsibility:
- We choose our own path
- Existential guilt: We aren't what we could be which can be a motivator for change in our lives

3. Striving for Identity & Relationship to Others:
- Be yourself
- Aloneness is a good thing
- Relatedness is to find good relationships, authentic relationships
- Rather than doing experience the being

4. The Search for Meaning:
- discover your own values and meaning for life
- Meaning can be found even in the negative and also can be easily overlooked if we search for it

5. Anxiety as a Condition of Living:
- Existential Anxiety: unavoidable result of being confronted with the "givens of existence"
- Normal anxiety: an appropriate response to an event being faced
- Neurotic anxiety: can be paralyzing and immobilize the person

6. Awareness of Death & Nonbeing:
- Being aware of death can add meaning to life
- Accepting death as it happens to everyone could bring desire to live life to the fullest.

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Corey, G.  (2009).  Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.  Boston, MA:  Cengage   Learning.

Corey, G.  (2015).  Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.  Boston, MA:  Cengage   Learning.

Diamond S.A (2011, Jan) “What is Existential Therapy?” Psychology Today, Evil Deeds.  Retrieved from www.psychologytoday.com

DJLukeThompsonX (2012, Mar) "Person Centred Therapy (Rogers)." Retrieved from

Diamond, S.A (2011, February) What is existential Psychotherapy: training in existential  therapy can enhance clinical treatment skills. Encyclopedia of Psychology and  religion (pp. 304-305).  retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evil-  deeds/201101/what-is-existential-psychotherapy

Ragins M. (2006) "Person centered vs. illness centered exploring recovery:  The collected village writings Mark Ragins. Retrieved from    http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1084149/15459986/1323119813610/09PersonCenteredvsIllnessCentered.pdf?token=T%2FjpXrj9LMb2jg6dUoTDTufC05U%3D

Roundy, L. (2015, Sept) "What is Person Centred Therapy." Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UK3eQTUb9Gs

Thought Monkey (2017, Jan) "Existentialism in 3 minutes." Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-eRTJzaFsg

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An increase in self-awareness

Improved ability to use self-direction to make desired changes

Increased clarity

Improved self-esteem

Greater reliance on self

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To help clients become present to both themselves & others

Assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence.

Challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives

Encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives

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This focuses on the person rather than the diagnosis. Viewing the illness as a part of the person and not who the person is. Person-Centered uses technqies to grow the person and less focused on illness control.

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It may not all have to do with mental illness but rather how we react and respond to the situation that is presented to us. There are more to issues than just the illness of the issue but rather how we live our lives.

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Clients are free to choose their lives and are responsible for their choices and how they choose to live their life. They are responsible on whether or not to find new values and meanings that make them who they are and not what the world sees.

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clients are the expert in their own lives and have the ability find their own solutions - rather than the counselor finding a diagnosis for the client. It's a humanistic approach.  This allows the client to become more sel-aware and find the answers themselves.

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Assist clients in achieving a greater degree of independence

Provide a relationship that is helping the client strive toward self-actualization

Socialization is a key component as they learn to relate to the world

Clients have the capacity to define and clarify their own goals

Those who are striving for self-actualization are:

Open to experiences

Trust in themselves

Possess an internal source of evaluation

Willing to continue growing

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Not technique-oriented

Effective existential therapists have experienced sufficient depth & openness in their own lives first, and have clear personal views of life & living

Both therapist and client are creative in client’s healing

Therapist helps clients learn to live with more skill & ease

Sensitivity to client as a powerful and creative being

Therapeutic relationship is important; therapist strives to understand the client’s subjective world

Healing comes with good quality therapeutic relationship

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It was a "non-directive" approach in that the role of the therapist was not to point them in the direction of a goal but rather to slightly guide them via a therapeutic relationship. The counselor holds a mirror to the client and allows them to self-reflect. This allows the client to steer the sessions and find their own solutions.

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Primarily concerned with understanding the subjective world of the clients to help them come to a new understandings and options

Concerned about clients avoiding responsibility

Restricted existence: clients have limited awareness of themselves & are often vague about the nature of their problems

Use techniques from diverse theoretical orientations

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Therapy is present-focused.  It does not look towards the past or future but rather looks at how the client is living and whether they are living their life authentically and being who they are or allowing the world to mold and shape them.

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Focuses on the here and now and allows the client to stop worrying about the past or future.

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"Sooner or later you have to give up hope for a better past"

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His writings helped translate key concepts into psychotherapeutic practice. He believed that life should be concerned with the problems of being rather than with problem solving.

"One does not become fully human painlessly"

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Central figure in bringing existentialism over from Europe to the United States. He developed logotherapy, which is "therapy through meaning"

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There is no complete technique to this theory. There is more of a support system in Person-Centered rather than a challenging relationship. There is no manual or evidence-based practice for Person-Centered therapy. There is trouble in adding person-centered therapy to a diverse culture.

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Existential therapy is not for the counselors who need specific set of techniques and it  lacks systematic statement of psychotherapy practices. It uses techniques from other theories making research for the theory very difficult. There is also no evidence-based practice or manualized therapy for existential since it does pull from other techniques when being put into practice.

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How will you integrate them into your practice?

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How will you integrate them into your practice?

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I will integrate them into my practice by making sure the client is aware that they are the expert of their own life. I think that there are many people that can benefit from either of these theories and will guide the client to making their own decisions and focusing on the here and now and what they can do right now rather than what has happened or what they want to happen.

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 How do they conflict with one another? 

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 How do they conflict with one another? 

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Person-Centered Therapy is motivated toward a natural tendency of growth and health, and believed it was this natural tendency where Existential therapy uses angst, that was a primary motivational factor in such growth.
Existentialism helps teach clients to reflect on life where Person-centered is self-directed even without the help of the therapist.

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They are similar in the ways that they both see people as mostly trustworthy and that we all have a potential for understanding ourselves and resolving our own problems. We are all capable of growth and with a little guidance we can do it ourselves.

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(1928-)
Developed the concept of creative connection and Person-Centered Art therapy where the client or group member is invited to look at their inner feelings through the uninterrupted sequence of movement, sound, visual art and journal writing.

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(1902-1987)
"The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change."