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There are several essential elements that impact making a decision. To begin with, past experiences may allow people can choose important decisions. The more people obtain positive results, they are possible to decide successful decision in the same way. On the other hand, people try not to avoid decisions of negative experiences from the past. Secondly, cognitive biases may influence people to make good decisions throughout their events and previous experiences. Last but least, according to age and socioeconomic status, individuals differences is like to lead to influence on making decisions. Furthermore, as reported by Dweck (2007), young people tend to be wider choices than the elderly. It seems that poorer people are worse in making decisions because of previous experience. All in all, it can be said that three elements enable to influence making significant decisions.

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According to Dweck (2007), several study demonstrated significant difference in decision making across age,  as cognitive functions decline lead to age, decision making performance may decline as well. Furthermore it might be assumed that older people overconfident regarding their capability to make decisions. which is their impede ability to apply strategies. Additionally, there is proof of support the notion that older adults prefer fewer choices than younger adults. Result in socio-economics status research revealed that poorer people may have less effective to education and resources, which may make them more likely to experience negative life events. As consequence of people are a lower socio-economic status may make poorer decisions, because of past life events as stated by Dweck (2007).

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In regard to socio-economic status, research revealed that people in poorer groups may have less access to education and resources, (Dweck, 2007). For this reason, they may make them more likely to experience negative life events, so, knowing this, people who have the lowest social level could be get a worst decisions for your life

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There are many significant elements such as past experiences, a variety of cognitive biases, and individual differences that have an influence when people make decisions (Dweck, 2007). Firstly, past experiences can have an effect on making decisions. The author said that people try not to commit same mistake again. Hence, it could be said that past experiences have an effect on decision-making in the future. Secondly, cognitive biases could be another significant elements that influence decision-making. However, cognitive biases can make people lead to wrong decisions. Lastly, the other significant elements of decision-making is individual differences such as age and socioeconomic status. The writer stated that there are some researches which show a important difference in decision-making according to age. Furthermore, according to the writer, younger adults make more decisions than older adults.

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There are important factors such as past experiences, various cognitive biases, and differences that affect people making decisions (Dweck,2007). Firstly, past experiences can affect making decisions. According to Dweck (2007), people are more likely to make decisions in a similar way considering similar situations but tend to avoid repeating mistakes in the past. secondly, in addition to past influences, there are cognitive biases that influence decision-making. cognitive biases can lead to memory errors, inaccurate judgments, and false logic.
Finally, stated that other important factors in decision-making depend on socioeconomic status and age.

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USEFUL GUIDE AND SAMPLE ANSWER FOR SUMMARY

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USEFUL GUIDE AND SAMPLE ANSWER FOR SUMMARY

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Writing a summary GUIDE AND USEFUL LANGUAGE

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The Keto diet is defined as a low-carb, high-fat diet in which the aim is to reduce the intake of carbohydrates and replaces it with fat so the body can burn fat to turn it into energy. According to Ludwig (2019), there are several benefits and drawbacks of this type of diet. The greatest benefit is that, since it helps turn fat into energy, the Keto diet is believed to temporarily reduce weight while enhancing the amount of good cholesterol in the blood stream in some people. Secondly, it may also assist those who suffer from several medical conditions such as epilepsy, heart, brain and skin problems thanks to the reduction of carbs. The author goes on to claim that for athletes, the diet is likely to increase their muscle-to-fat ratio. Nevertheless, there are problems with the diet, too. It is proven that the diet is linked to a rise in bad cholesterol and cause a reduction in micro-nutrients for the body. Additionally, those who suffer from kidney or liver problems might also be affected due to having to digest a high amount of fat in their diet. All in all, it can be said that the Keto diet can have both advantages and problems and people should perhaps consult with the doctor before deciding to use this diet.

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The Keto diet can be make people more lose weight. According to Ludwig (2019) the Keto diet is defined as a diet with high protein and fat and less carbohydrates. So people following this diet consume less sugar, white bread, and soft drinks. Additionally, it might help to lose weigh temporarily and increase good cholesterol and blood pressure. Ludwig (2019) states that the Keto diet can help several medical conditions. For example, brain or heart diseases, epilepsy, even stop acne breakout. However, this high-fat diet can also increase bad cholesterol. Moreover, some people eat too much protein. The current recommended intake for protein averages 46 grams per day for women and 56 grams for men (Ludwig, 2019).
In conclusion, the Keto diet has benefits and drawbacks, so people should consult with doctors before they decide to use it.

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There are times when we have to make decisions, we are influenced by  a number of factors. According to Dweck (2007), past experience, cognitive biases, individual differences or age and socioeconomic status are some of those factors. firstly, past experience can affect future decisions. This is because people prefer to make decisions in a similar way, so they tend to make decisions similarly if not for special problems. Secondly, someone can make decisions based on cognitive biases. for that reason in the study of social and economic status. A poorer group may have no more access to resources or education. That makes it easier to make a wrong judgment. Additionally, it happens to older people a lot.  A common belief is that if they trust themselves  and are overconfident they will make fewer decisions.  Also people of a lower socio economic status may make poorer decisions.

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Decisions are often influenced by important reasons. According to the Dweek (2007), the first one is that past experience tends to influence future decisions because people avoid mistakes that have happened in the past, and when the past has a positive outcome, people may make similar decisions. Secondly, cognitive bias is also an important factor in decision making, because people may not consider trying an uncertain piece of information or observation, and they are more likely to rely on their previous knowledge, thus failing to see the big picture. Besides these two, there are also individual differences. According to many studies, as people get older, there are significant cognitive biases in decision-making.

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Factors affecting decision making
There are several factors that can have a great impact on people’s decision-making. According to Dweck (2007), some of them are: past experiences, personal judgment, age and economic status. First of all, the author believed that people tend to make similar decisions if those decisions produced positive outcomes. Whereas if the results were negative, they will reconsider their choices in order to avoid making the same errors. Another factor is that decision making may also be influenced by people’s  thinking patterns, or subjective judgement. In other words, they are inclined to depend on their past experiences to make decisions which they believe are less risky. Furthermore, age is also considered to have an impact in the way that as people grow older, they tend to make fewer choices or become self confident in their capabilities. The author goes on to highlight that economic conditions may have a role to play, too. The argument is that people of a lower socioeconomic status are more likely to make poorer decisions due to their lack of educational and financial opportunities. Therefore, it can be said that people’s decision making skills can be tremendously influenced by these factors.

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Many factors can influence making decisions such as personal judgement, past experience, and individual differences. According to Dweck (2007) these key elements make an impact on making the decision for the people’s future.First of all, it is believed that personal judgment impacts the individual's future of decision making. It is clear that older people are more confident on themselves, then the young people in making decisions.In addition, the past experience lead to memory errors, incorrect judgments, and faulty logic. It is also can cause the individual to rely on previous knowledge. Moreover, and according to the author economic importance can impact on decision making It is clear that old people manage  to make limited choices then young people, it has lower economic status may get lower educational means. Overall, decision making is affected by several important aspects.

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Decision making can be influenced by several factors. According to Dweck (2007),  four of them are past experiences, personal judgement, individual differences, and socioeconomic status. First of all, the author claimed that past experiences help people to stop making the same errors. People tend to refuse repeating past mistakes and make a decision depending on past experiences. In addition, cognitive biases are personal judgement that enable people to make effective decisions bases on observations and generalisations. The author also states that individual difference is likely to influence decision making. Several study showed older people have capability of making judgements. Moreover,  it is undeniable that decision making can be influenced by sosioeconomic status. Some of people from poor family may lack educational means and tend to make poorer decisions. Overall, it can be said that many key factors that affect decision making.

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Bikalpa 17/12/2019
Decision making is the process which is influenced by several major key reasons, and according to Dweck (2007), previous knowledge, thinking patterns, personal deviation, (for example age and socioeconomic status) are those major elements. Firstly, experience from the past help people to decide what ought to be done or not for a better result. The author adds to this saying key pattern is also likely to contribute reason for false comparison, memory errors and wrong logic. Another factor is personal differences made by age and socioeconomic status. Older people might be overconfident regarding their skills and younger people can have more choices than elders. Lastly, the author states that socioeconomic also plays vital role in decision making. Because of poor status  poor group people are more likely to have negative life events. Therefore, these four factors are crucial to make decisions.

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Baris 17/12/2019
There are several crucial elements which can affect peoples making decisions. These factors contain significant past experiences, a majority of cognitive biases  age and economic conditions. According to Dweck (2007), past experiences can impact future decision making. nonetheless, people tend to prevent making decisions badly in the past who have had a experienced and felt regretful. Thirdly, several study revealed that age and and socioeconomic status influence in resolving decision. Thus, it can be said that people who are in poorer groups might not have the access to education and resources, which make them more likely to have negative life experiences and consequently make poorer decisions. In other words, the author believes people who are in lower socio-economic status might make decisions ineffectively due to past decisions and lack of means.

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Aarati 17/12/2019
Decision making is influenced by various external as well as internal factors. According to Dweck (2007), they are past experiences, personal judgements, individual specifications like age and economic status in society. Firstly, the author claims that people can predict their future depend on past experiences. If they experienced positive result in the past then they again the apply that process in future and vice-versa. Furthermore, decisions are also determined by personal judgement in term of the observation, generalization, personality, and perception. As a result, people tend to make wrong decisions about something and someone due to their irrational errors of judegment. Another important element to contribute to decision making is individual differences because everyone is different from each other in fact they have much more differences than similarities. Moveover, socioeconomic status and age may also have an impact on decision making because social values taught a person to make responsible decisions about their financial situation. Lastly, age also determines the patterns and preferences for making a decision since older people less demanding as compared to younger ones. Therefore, it  is clear that all these elements positively and negatively affect our decision making process.

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Decisions can be affected by different factors, and according to Dweck (2007), it is undeniable that a great number of decision can be affected by several factors which are past experience, a variety of cognitive biases, and individual differences, including age and socioeconomic status. First at all, the author points out that from the past experience people can avoid same mistakes with before and affected future decision. Another factor is that the cognitive biases also enable individuals to make effective decisions. In addition to that, there is also a positive link between age and decision in such a way that older people may be more overconfident to make decision by themselves. Finally, the author argues that people of a lower socio-economic status may make poorer decision. Overall, it can be said that these several factors can cause people to make different decisions in their life.

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There are a number of merits of keto diet, which people can benefit from for instance, losing weight, overcoming brain,heart, and skin diseases. According to Ludwig (2019), there are several demerits of this diet as well. Secondly, the greatest benefit is that, It assists some people in turning fat into energy in addition to that, It is widely believed to temporarily decrease weight while augmenting the amount of good cholesterol in the blood stream and pressure in some human life.The author further states that there is high possibility their muscle to fat for athletes.Nonetheless, there are several severe drawbacks of this diet as well which is demonstrated that the diet is correlated with an increase in bad cholesterol.Furthermore, there are many people who anguish with digestion system owing to high amount of calorie and fat. Thus, It can be said that even though there are many advantages of this diet since as mentioned above there are also disadvantages as well. I highly recommend that if any people develop any those symptoms they should contact with the doctors urgently

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Decision can be affected by several key reasons. According to Dweck (2007),  four of them are past experiences, cognitive biases, individual differences, including age and socio-economic status. Firstly, past experiences can influence decision making. When people achieve positive results they are most likely to decide in the same way. However, people do not want to make the same errors if their results are bad. Another reason is personal judgements which means people believe their past experiences and  follow their own opinions. Moreover, age also can impact decision making. It is clear that older adults prefer fewer choices than younger adults. Also socio-economic status can make people more likely to make different decisions due to their education and resources. The author goes on to say that these four important reasons can greatly affect decision making.

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Nabeel 16.12.2019
Happiness can be affected by several reasons. According to Conkle (2018), there are four major key reasons that lead to happiness: social relationships, financial stability, society and culture, and positive thinking techniques. Firstly, As researched by Diener(2008), the minority of the people are happier who had strong relationships. As far as for the happiness, the next factor is financial position especially in undeveloped countries. But there are some concerns about financial factors that can lead to stress and less happy.
In addition, societies and cultures are also making a great impact on happiness. The author researched the facts and found that first world countries are more happier than the developing countries. Lastly, it can be affected by the brain storming. The writer finds the reasons that affects happiness such as paying attentions to others, thinking about positive things and the past experiences. Overall, it can be said that these four factors can help people to spend a happy life.

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Happiness can be affected by several factors, and according to Conkle (2018), four of them are strong and healthy relationships, financial security, society and culture, and positive thinking. Firstly, the author points out that the happiest people in a study claimed to have supportive relationships with people around them. In addition to that, there is also a positive link between money and happiness in such a way that in poorer parts of the world, the more wealth a person has, the more likely they are happy even though this might require further research. Another factor is that happiness can also depend on which country people live in. It is generally believed that people are happier in the developed countries whereas they are less happy if they live in underdeveloped areas or those affected by war. Finally, the author argues that happiness can also be determined by a positive attitude to life. This is probably because when people are optimistic, they tend to be more attentive to their surroundings, enjoy being with other people, or be able to appreciate beautiful things around them, and consequently are able to find more happiness. Overall, it can be said that these four factors are essential in helping people lead a happy life.

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The four elements of happiness that are generally agreed upon are social relationships, money, society, culture. firstly  in general, people with strong social relationships are happy. in the diener study
it has been proved. secondly  some people think money is happiness, but money cannot buy happiness. money is actually more like poison in happiness. the happiness gained by money is very short and limited.
in addition many people think that social relationships and money are proportional.  for such people, money is happiness and social relationships. thirdly each country's culture also has a profound effect on happiness. For example, in some Europe, such as Denmark, the happiness index is highly measured.
In conclusion, happiness is influenced by many things and varies from individual to individual.

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It is generally believed that there are some reasons that can affect decision making. According to Dweck (2007), there are four aspects: past experiences, cognitive biases, age, and economic status. First of all, it is undeniable that people who have positive experience of making decision in the past are more likely to make the same decision and they tend to prevent mistakes. In addition to that, observation and generalizations can influence thinking pattern that can cause memory errors, poor decision, and faulty logic. Moreover, age and economic status can influence decision making. The author states that old people tend to make fewer choices than young people and people that have lower economic status may get lower educational means. Overall, decision making is influenced by several important aspects.

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Everyone wants to be happy but some people don’t know how to be happy. As claimed by Conkle (2018), happiness comes from 4 reasons, which are social relationships, money, society and culture, and positive thinking styles. Firstly, people believe that has a strong social relationship can make them happy. Moreover, money is also a factor that make them happy because there is nowhere that they can live without money. Thirdly, “ the broader society and culture also influences happiness”  said by Conkle (2018). The last, cognitive patterns also influences happiness because when they are seeing many positive chance in their life, it is kinds of self motivation. To sum up, happiness is simple if they know the key points, and follow by what they love.

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According to Diener(2008), happiness is generally agreed that there are four key words. Firstly, the author goes on to say that happy people have high social relationships. As far as happiness does not matter about money. Thirdly, society and culture also affect to happiness. Finally, Diener also believes that positive cognition is important. In conclusion, these four key words are necessary to make people happy.

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Baris 16/12/2019
According to Conkle (2018), how do we acquire the happiness.There are 4 four things that lead to happiness for instance, money, social relationships, culture and tradition, inner peace, which are crucial for people a study was researched by a person called Diener(2008). The research revealed that the happiest 10 percent of the participants who whole had strong supportive language relationships. Even though many people said that money cannot buy happiness need to see the research in addition to that wealthiness is associated with happiness specially in poorer societies yet there are still a few problems about achieving happiness with financial conditions which can be venemous to happiness nevertheless, people can get affected by the broader society culture as well for happiness. To sum up there are 4 essential things becoming happy in life

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Aarati 16/12/2019

It is undeniable that it must be reflected by four primary reasons: social relationships,financial security, society and culture, and positive thinking styles (Conkle, 2018). First and foremost, the author shows that most of participants had healthy relation with people in their surrounding. Moreover, there is strong correlation between financial stability and happiness because a wealthly person tends to be happy in underprivileged country. Thirdly, happiness is affected by society and culture where their lifestyle provides them autonomy to feel happy. Finally, cognitive power is another reason of happiness since people can findout strength rather than weaknesses. Also,there are three strong cognition which makes a person self motivated by attention, interpretation and memory. Therefore, happiness is clearly influenced by environmental factors.

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Music is well known cure for dementia patients. The recent finding illustrates the importance of music as dementia sufferers to remember the past events. There are three major way of music uses to help patients through music such as memory improvement, brain activity engaging and mood balancing. Firstly, according to Saks(2013) music cause emotion which enhance the mental ability  by recalling previous memories. Secondly, it develop brain capacity that improve brain strength by stimulating visual ability. Lastly, music help to relax patient by changing patients mood, balance stress and restore positive energy. Overall, music is beneficial to dementia patients.

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It is firmly believed that music could improve cognitive ability. Sauer (2014) states that it could lead to three reasons: memory, brain activity, and emotion. First of all, by listening to music with daily activities, patients could improve a rhythm that help the patients to remember the past events of that activity. Secondly, singing is related to music that could activate the left and the right side of the brain that could start visual abilities. Furthermore, music also could affect feelings, control stress, help patients interact better, improve brain power, and coordinate body movements. Music has many benefits for people particularly for dementia patients. It could help them to remember the past activity or events.

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Bina
Summary: Benefits of music.
Music can have several benefits for those patients who suffer from dementia.saucer(2014) believes that music increase cognitive ability in dementia patients.Firstly, music helps patients to remember their past events and improve mental ability as well.Music can cause emotions in even the most serious patients.The author further supports the belief on doctor sacks(2013) that music create emotion and emotion can bring with it memory. Secondly, music can help to start visual activities. While singing the left side of brain starts to work, the right side starts to work by listening the music and viewing the music, visual area of brain starts to function.Furthermore,music can help patients shifting their mood, control stress level, helps patients to interect better and improve brain power.

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Music can help dementia patients and give some benefits to mental health. The author further states that it can identify three positive effects: memory, brain, and feelings. Firstly, the benefit of music is good for the memory. It can help the patient to remember the event and develop brain power to think and learn something. Secondly, music gives a positive impact on the brain and affects the activity. When dementia patients are less of memorizing or remember, they need to motivate visual abilities through music. Furthermore, music effect feeling, for the example music control the stress, help the patients interact better also help brain power.

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There are many different types of music in the world.some music is important for medical .It addresses our psychological,mental and spiritual needs.Sauer (2014)point out that it can cause emotions in even the most serious patients.By pairing music with every day activities,patients can develop a rhythm that helps them to the recall the memory of that activity,develop brain power over time.On the other hand,singing activated the left side of the brain,listening to music sparked activity in the right and start visual abilities.Additionally,music can shift fellings,control stress,help patients interact better,improve brain power and coordinate motor movements.Overall,it is clear that there are several music impacts of dementia and Alzheimer’s on the human body.

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Atiqa
Summary of Music and dementia patients

Music has plethora of benefits for the patients of dementia and alzeimer. Sauer(2014) identifies that people who are suffering from dementia can remember the past events and improves mental ability with the assistance of music. Firstly, the serious patients are able to improved emotions through music. Sack(2013) demonstrates that music captivates patients to enhance cognition, develop brain capacity and improve memory (as cited in sauer, 2014). As far as singing sessions are concerned, it helps patients to improve vision, mental strength and improvement for both sides of brain. The article further states that music can shift feelings, control stress, ease brain power and facilitate patients to interact better. Therefore, it is clear that music stimulates patients to fight with dementia and alzheimer.

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Sauer’s (2014) article on music and dementia patients
argus that music can be beneficial for Alzheimer and dementia patients. The author goes on to say that music can reduce causes emotions for those who affected by dementia, and it can help the patients to remember the past event and support them to interact better. Secondly, singing benefits for start visual ability,

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Doe (2018), in his article "The Effect of Stress", states that stress leads to three main effects: physical problems, emotional problems, and mental illness. Firstly, physical problems of stress cause heart diseases that could increase the blood pressure, pulse rate, and the heart miss beats. It also could impact the lungs system and stomach illness. Secondly, emotional problems of stress lead to anxiety, panic attacks, and overreaction to small problems. Moreover, mental illness could cause depression, excessive drinking behaviours, and eating disorder. People often drink alcohol to release stress and it may cause the addiction of alcohol or 🤬. Overall, stress is serious problem and long-term of stress may cause serious mental illness.

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Stress is evolves health issues around the world nowadays. Doe's(2018) article on 'the effect of stress'  discusses three major human parts  physical,emotional and psychological which are commonly impacted by stress. Firstly, stress leads to array of physical issues such as heart functions, lungs problems and abdominal ache. Another most suffered part by stress is people emotions that cause anxiety, feeling of tiredness and overacting to minor problems. Lastly, mental health can  also be seriously affected  by  stress, which can results on depression that  can make people more sad and helpless. Alcoholics and addicted people also go through stress and also people who have obesity may suffer from stress. Therefore, it is essential to treat stress on time before it danger human bodies, feelings and minds.

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The impacts of stress have given rise to great public concern. Stress is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress leads to physical,emotional,and mental health issue. According to Doe(2018)there are numerous physical effects of stress.It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. Admittedly,emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks and feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. However, long--term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression,an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness,can be the result of continued and increasing stress.

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According to Doe (2018), stress is one of the most common causes of heath diseases. It leads to physical, emotional, and mental health problems. The physical effects of stress can lead to heart disease, respiratory system and the stomach. The author also argues that emotional problems can be affected by too much stress, for example, feel anxious, feel tired and overreact to small problems. Those people under stress for a long term it lead them to the mental sicknesses it can be depression, alcoholism and eating disorders.

Reference

Doe, J.(2018,January 13). The Effects of the Stress.

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According to the article what is happiness from Conkle (2018), we can know that there are four influencing factors for happiness, namely social relationship, money, society and culture, and the fourth one is cognitive patterns. First, the authors suggest that social networks may not ensure that everyone is happy, but they are an indispensable part of a happy person. Secondly, the author believes that one's happiness has nothing to do with money, because surveys show that people who think money is more important are not really happy people in life.Third, the author believes that the society and culture of a country also greatly affect people's happiness. Countries with more wars tend to have the lowest happiness index.Finally, a person's cognitive ability also affects his or her personal happiness. In general, a person who is more trusting or caring for others tends to be happier.

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Doe (2018), in his article ''The Effects of Stress'' states that stress is commonly known as one of the leading causes of many health issues. The author goes on to say that stress is related to physical, emotional and mental deterioration. Physically, stress can affect the heart, the lungs, as well as the stomach negatively. Emotionally, pressure can lead to anxiety, exhaustion and over reaction to minor issues. Mentally, stress could result in depression, unhealthy eating behaviors and alcohol abuse. Finally, Doe (2018), concludes that stress is a major risk factor for physical, emotional and mental complications and stress reduction might be the best way to protect our health.

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According to the article, the numbers of students cheating at various assessments are increased by a large amount. Although there are many cases of possible cheating, the evidence for ghost-writing does not exceed the required amount, therefore, they cannot prove it. However, distinct tracking methods are rising up, and assist universities

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Stress can cause a number of serious problems for human health. Doe (2018) points out that it can lead to three major issues: physical, emotional and mental problems. Firstly, the author argues that stress can have negative consequences on the heart, the lungs and the stomach. As far as emotions are concerned, people suffering from stress are more likely to experience anxiety and tiredness. They also tend to react unnecessarily to minor problems in their life. Such examples include anger, nervousness and moodiness. Finally, the author demonstrates that stress can also lead to several mental disorders such as depression, alcohol addiction and eating disorders. Overall, it is clear that there are several terrible impacts of stress on the human body.

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In the article,  Cheating found at UNSW up by 2000% as new detection methods used, Singhal (2019) points out the figure of students who are cheating in the class increased of 2000% at the University of UNSW. In addition,  Associate Professor Ellis and National Survey

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In the article, Singhal (2019) reports that cheating in exams is on the rise at UNSW with a staggering increase in detection rate of 2,000%. This is due to new technological detection methods or tracking patterns being used by the university. The author goes on to point out some common forms of plagiarism such as students filling in a generic template or paying someone to write their essay, which is called contract cheating. The author concludes that no matter how advanced technology is, universities need to work together to build a community of practice in order to deal with the issue of plagiarism.

Singhal, P. (2019, August 14). Cheating found at UNSW up by 2000% as new

detection methods used. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from                        https://www.smh.com.au/education/cheating-found-at-unsw-up-

by-2000-percent-as-new-detection-methods-used-20190814-p52gz4.html

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According to Sparks (2011) explain there are benefits and drawbacks for Flipped Learning Method which is very popular in United Kingdom. The first benefit of this learning method is deepen learning that can improve active learning to increase collaborative activity, peer learning and problem-based learning that can affect to the interaction with the classmates and teacher. Additionally, this method  will improve student communication skills. On the other hand this method can't applied for all students because of the different  social economic background. Furthermore this method give negative effect to student because the students will spend much time in front of computer screens. And for the teachers will contribute significant time to prepare all the material. Overall, it can be said that Flipped learning beneficial to improve learning process in the class but also have problems for both the student and the teacher.

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Sparks (2011), in his article " Flipped Learning: Lectures Are Homework in Schools", argues that flipped learning can offer a variety of benefits and drawbacks at school. Firstly, students will enhance knowledge of subjects and improve their learning abilities so they will be moved away from passive learning. Moreover, there can be more conversations which occur in class meetings. On the other hand, it has a few drawbacks to both teachers and students such as the time that students spent on the computer will be increased. Additionally, for most families who do not have enough finance they might not afford to support their children about computer and internet. Furthermore, flipped learning can cause challenges for teachers such as need more time required to prepare for lessons. To sum up, flipped learning can be a good teaching method in some ways but on contrary, it is caused some imperfect influences on students and teachers.

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Sparks (2011) explains the pros and cons of flipped learning, an educational approach in which students are provided necessary materials prior to class and then use class time to enhance understanding through group work is done under the mentor-ship of teacher. Similarly, it is also defined as problem solving methodology. Firstly, it attracts all students' participation where they can uplift their learning abilities. Secondly, group interaction promotes students' communication skills abundantly. However, this approach is not perfect for all the students as it needs technological devices which is not possible for everyone. Furthermore, it adds up the timing of use of computer screen which is harmful. In addition, extra burden to teacher on preparing teaching materials such as videos, books makes this method inconvenient. Thus, it can be summed up that while flipped learning may be beneficial in encouraging learners to be active, it can also create difficulties for learners and teacher.

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In the article, Sparks (2011) points out the benefits and drawbacks of flipped learning which is learning material before class. One of the benefits is provide to students can be used to deepen understanding and empower to them can take control of their own learning. Additionally, flipped learning can develop higher-level cognitive skills. Nevertheless, a digital divide exists for students. Out side of the school environment is not possible for all students to access to computers or video-viewing technology because all students are not from the same socioeconomic background. Furthermore, for teachers preparation time is increased as creating high quality videos and need to contribute significant time and effort outside the classroom. Therefore, it can be said there are beneficial activities, however, it can also cause problems.

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In the article, according to Sparks(2011), there are the benefits and drawbacks of flipped learning. At first glance, students can be moved away from learning skills to participate in interactive tasks. In addition, students who collaborate learning strategies and interactions with both classmates and teacher are able to improve their communicative abilities. However, there is technological gap for students. To be specific, students can spend much time using computer, which be caused flipped classroom. Moreover, it need a large amount of time preparing class for teachers. For example, they have to spend much time on preparing high quality subjects for students. To sum up, flipped learning has positive and negative effects on school.

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Sparks (2011) states the benefits and drawbacks of flipped learning which is an educational methodology of study in a reversed way in which the students or the learners develop their learning ability and enhance knowledge. As expressed by the author, it leads students forward in active learning via digital facilities and group discussion with the classmates and the mentors collaboratively. Likewise, they can take charge of their own learning and it assists in increasing interactions between the teachers and peers. However,  it creates a technological gap because some students are in lack of those services. Furthermore,  more time is spent in computer screens also it requires a lot of time and effort for the helper outside normal school duties. In conclusion, flipped learning can be advantageous for learners in being active and collaborative whereas also can cause difficulty for both learner and instructor.

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According to Doe (2018), in his article "The Effect of Stress", there are three main issues caused by stress. One of the diseases is physical problem. It can cause cardiovascular problems such as increase the pulse rate, heart miss beats and high blood pressure. Additionally, stress can make lungs problem. The other physical effect of stress is stomach aches. Stress can also cause emotional problems. Someone who is suffering from stress often feel anxiety, fatigue, and overreact to problems. Furthermore, mental illnesses such as depression, excessive drinking habits, and eating disorders are often made worse by stress. Reduce stress will affect our health that can give a good influence on our bodies, our feelings, and our minds.

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Sparks (2011) explain the benefits and drawbacks of flipped learning. To start with, this type of learning will help students to contribute and make relation with class fellows and teachers. They will be given the task in the form of videos and class room time will utilized to gain more achievement in studies by class discussion.On the other hand, this process will affect class atmosphere because everyone is not capable of gain access to technology, such as computers. A lot of time is consumed as compared to normal class and teachers will also require more time for making quality videos. Finally, it illustrate that flipped learning is beneficial in motivating active learners, but it can also cause several problems.

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In the article, Flipped Learning: Lectures Are Homework in Schools, Sparks (2011) points out the benefits and drawbacks of having students introducing to the learning material before class. This method can deepen learning and develop higher-level cognitive skills of students by engaging them in collaborative activity, moreover empowering them to take control of their own learning. In addition, it can also increase interactions within both students and teachers in class meetings. Nevertheless, a drawback of having students to learn on their own is also along the way. For most families, they are unable to afford every equipment needed for their students at their homes. Furthermore, teachers find it challenging to tag along as well with this method. To sum up, it can be said that flipping learning may be a benefits for students but it can also affect the learning skills of both teachers and students.

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Pollution-summary practice - sample answer

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In the book, “Facts about Water Pollution.”, Lamb (2013) examined the possible causes and effects of the pollution to the air, water and land. First of all, the contaminated air can be caused by a variety of reasons such as gases, dust, smog and so on. In addition, water pollution and land pollution also result from human’s activities and abuse of land resources respectively. Furthermore, Gregory (as cited in Lamb, 2013) stated that ecosystems can be destroyed by these pollutions which are linked to nature of animals and humans. Consequently, it is possibly that those factors affect to harmful effects to people and environmental deterioration.

References
Lamb, F. (2013). Facts about Water Pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

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Stress has negative effects on the human body. Doe (2018) demonstrates that physical, emotional and mental health is affected by stress. It leads to cardiovascular, lungs and digestive issues which have strong impact on physical health. As the author says that people suffer due to stress, have emotional problems in particular anxiety, tiredness and overreaction. Stress causes mental illness in a long run. People have become depressed, alcoholic and adopt unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is clear that stress has a strong impact on health.

Doe, J. (2018, January 2013). The Effects of Stress.

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According to Conkle (2018)it is undeniable that a great number of happiness can be affected by four main factors which are social relationships, financial security , society and culture, and positive thinking styles. Firstly, the  author goes on to say that happy people have strong supportive relationships. In addition to that the financial security also can affected people happiness, particularly in poorer societies. However, it is generally believed that people live in developed countries are more happier than poor countries.  Finally, the author also say that happiness can be affected by cognitive patterns. All in all, it is clear that happiness can have a number of affected in people’s life.

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topic: pollution
Lamb, F. (2013).Facts about water pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

In the article,"Facts about water pollution",amb(2013) describes about the types of pollution. Air pollution happens due to the expose of harmful gases in the air which lead to distort the balance in nature.Furthermore, author explains water is polluted through the waste from different physical,chemical and biological substances. As water covers 70% it is important source for human beings  and the environment. Drinking unpure water is prime cause of death. Again,author points out that land also get polluted due to the different chemicals like pesticides,insecticides and fertilizers. In conclusion, human beings should be aware about the causes of pollution.

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Lamb ,F. (2013). Facts about Water Pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

In this article "Facts about water Pollution", Lamb (2013) explains about the three areas where pollution usually takes place.Air gets infected due to the blend of dust and smokes in the fresh environment making it unfamiliar to the living creatures.Water Pollution is caused mostly from the human beings themselves resulting in the consequential effect to various sources of water which has now been a leading reason for several deaths.Also for the land pollution,Lamb points out humans being the reason for its exploitation by higlighting the human introduction of harmful chemicals to the soil concluding to the exploitation of minerals.Conclusively,Lamb states all forms of pollution is caused due to the human activities which cause harm to themselves.

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In the article, "Facts about water pollution" , Lamb (2013) explains three ways of pollution: air , water, and land. Humans are being affected by the gases, dust particles, and fume. 70% of earth surfaces are covered by water and it is our responsibility to keep water away from pollution. The main cause of high date rate in many developing country is because people drink polluted water. It only does not affect people but it hampers whole functioning ecosystems that lives in water. However, people uses different kinds of chemicals for the growth of agriculture which is directly or indirectly affects land. In conclusion, pollution should br controlled.
References:
Lamb, F. (2013). Facts about water pollution. Melbourne: Monash University.

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Lamp, F. (2013). Facts about Water Pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

In the article "Facts about Water Pollution". Lamp (2013) stated that there are three different types of water pollution which they are air, water and land. According to Lamb (2013), gases, soil, smoke, or scent are the causes of air pollution. In addition, "water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world" ( Lamb, 2013 ). Moreover, Lamb (2013) said that the land pollution take a place in different cases. For example, when garbage is not organized.

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According to Lamb (2013) in the article "Facts about water pollution", contamination of environment causes pollution in the air ,water and land. Air pollution can cause humans, animals and plants living in danger. This is because when the air pollution which originates from gases, dust and etc. are flown into the atmosphere then it may damage to the air. Water which is a significant resource for humans and environment, is also become dirty. All over the world has affected from water pollution by drinking it especially, in many third world countries.

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Lamb,F.(2013).Facts about Water Pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

According to Lamb(2013), pollution cause by environment contaminated by waste,chemicals, and dangerous substance. There are three main forms of pollution such as air, water, and land.First of all,  air pollution happen when gases, dust, smoke introducted into the atmosphere, and atmosphere helps protect the Earth. Any additional gas, particles, and odours cause harm to living things can be called air pollution. Secondly, water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, and  water pollution modification in the physical, chemical, and biological containts in the water will have detrimental consequence on living things is water pollution. That affect all supply water around the world and usualy a leading cause of mortality. Finnaly, land pollution

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According to Sparks (2011) flipped learning is the opposite of the traditional classroom located education, which has it's own merits and demerits.
First of all, the main idea of this educational method is to familiarize students with the study materials before the start of the class, and engage them in interactive tasks to enhance their knowledge much deeper. Furthermore, this approach can be extremely beneficial for students to properly develop their communication skills. However, not every family can afford to provide the equipment for their children. In addition, learning with the usage of computer for a long period of time has several drawbacks as well. Lastly, from the teacher's part even more effort would be required which wouldn't be included as a normal school duty.
In conclusion, being the reverse of the classroom based teaching method, flipped learning carries it's own positives and negatives.

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In the article "Facts about Water Pollution", Lamb(2013) shed light on several types of pollution such as air, water, and land. Firstly,  air pollution can be generated from fine dust, burn, and stink while damaging living creatures Secondly, water contamination occur destructive impacts of mankind. Especially, it appears to be more serious problem in poor countries.

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Lamb,F.(2013).Facts about Water Pollution. Melbourne: Monash University Press.

In the article, "Facts about Pollution.", Lamb(2013) looks at three different types of pollution: air, water and land. Pollution occurs when the nature is contaminated by human resources such as gases, dust, smoke and garbage. At first, air pollution is that twist natural balance and produce the harmful effect to living things. Secondly, water pollution is that water resources are contaminated by human activities. At last, land pollution is caused by man's activities. As a result, pollution contaminates environment and provides the reasons for people's death.

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In this article, stress is considered as a major issue for heath.Excessive level of stress leads to physical,emotional,and mental illnesses.According to Doe (2018), stress can have negative impact on respiratory system and lead to asthma.stress can also lead serious health issues such as, increase the pulse rate and make the heart miss beat.Too much stress can also cause stomach related problems.It can cause aches on stomach and difficulties in digesting food.secondly, stress can cause emotional health issues.Higher the stress level,people can suffer from anxiety. Because of stress people often feel tired and react excessively to minor issues. Lastly, stress may cause psychological problems such as depression. Addiction of alcohol also leads to stress

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According to Gray(2012), it is contaminated water that risks people health the most in America. In addition, it is widely-accepted that people face the lack of protection system for water resources. Eventually, it can generate many problem related to water. Another to have to remember is climate change such as global warming. It can lead to water scarcity by raising sea level and penetrating saltwater into water of land. However,  the author suggests some solutions such as establishing reasonable standards for facilities, assisting profitable investment and the way of saving water.

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water pollution
According to Gray(2012),water pollution become the biggest problem of the world. it influence people' life and healthy, even destroy many water resources ,its lead to drinking water contamination,habitat degradation and beach
closures and the shortage of water resources. However, the author Ellis(2011) goes on to say that how increased the water scarcity,such as: "adopting sensible standards for efficient appliances, buildings, and irrigation; supporting cost-effective investments by utilities to help customers save water; an improving pricing structures to save both water and money. "

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According to Author called Gray(2012) states about water pollution,nowadays the biggest problem in earth is dirty water.when the rain water got stuck in some of the plastic cans or some other materials,when they got stuck for some days the water will contain some of the chemicals which are lead to some dangerous disease to humans.
A researcher called Ellis (2011) illustrates, some solutions to water pollution,
adopting sensible standards for efficient appliances,buildings,and  irrigation;
supporting cost-effective investments by utilities to help customers save water;and improving pricing structures to save both water and money.

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Water Polution
According to Gray (2012), dirty water is one of the biggest health problem in the world. In the US it is endanger health and quality of life, by reason of rain cary toxic chemical from trash and casspite into river. However, according to Ellis (2011) the solutions of the water polition are adopting standar for irigation and buildings.

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Water Pollution
According to water pollution, we know the seriousness with the pollution of water,
water is the source of our life ,if we don't protect the water, lead to water more and more dirty ,our earth will loss more oasis and have more desert ,when we only have desert on the earth ,where can we live? where can we have the colourful life?
so we should protect the water and don't make it dirty, otherwies the last drop of water is the human's tear

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It is unlikely that unclean water is increased risk health risk, especially it impact american health quality life.  According to Gray (2012) most of water is made rain, while water go though to rivers or others, those chemicals contaminate the clean water in to dirty water. As a consequence, the effect will start when people start drinking the dirty water. However, there are certain solutions for that, for example though advertise investment and policies by governments both could to gain the faster way of using water and reduces a huge amount consummation of water.

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According to Sparks (2011), there are several benefits and drawbacks of flipped learning which is not a traditional learning way. First of all, this educational method could help students have stronger learning skills. Additionally, their studying way might become more positive. However, the technological gap and more time for preparation for teachers also happen apparently. Another main disadvantage is the damage to the students due to overusing computers. To sum up, the writer believes that Flipped learning is beneficial for many sections, but some problems still exist.

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Gray(2012), in his article "Water Pollution", argues that people's health are suffered from contaminated water. Because of poisonous materials, rubbishes or dust, improper water cycle can cause serious health problem and extinction of human living. To prevent this risk, Ellis(2011) states that government supports reducing water shortage through rising investments

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Lamb,F.(2013). Facts about Water Pollution.
Melbourne: Monash University University Press.
According to Lamb(2013),  there are three different types of factors such as air, water and pollution. Firstly, emisiion of gases and the elements into arir makes air pollute and change the natural balance. Secoundary, water contamitation is caused by action of people. Drinking pollued water is the reason for death especially in a developing area. Thirdly, Land pollotion which is occared by throw rubbish and also chemicals on earth. In conculution, Industorical growing have been affected these pollutions. People need to aware the contaminaiton is happened by human activities.

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Dirty water has become one of main causes of environment problem such as pollution of drinking water, habitat degradation and so on. According to this problem, cost-effective solution which is for improving this phenomenon came up. Furthermore, because the pollution of water affect to climate change, people need to much more consider about methods to reduce wasted energy.

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According to Conkle (2018) , Happiness is comprised of four primary reasons: social relationships, money , society and culture, and positive thinking styles. To begin with social relationships, it has approved that having family and friends one of the most important for happiness, As soon as you have money you would be happy unless you preferred to love , as what has provided in several researched . Moreover , society and culture is absolutely critical as much as relationships and money . Otherwise, provide that you live in a countries which is not safe such as Iraq . How we can talk about happiness and ignore positive thinking, being positive and opened-mind , as you see the challenging as a opportunity rather than threats .

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Dirty Water
According to water pollution(Gray,2012),many problems like toxic chemicals, dirt, trash and disease-carrying cause lack of water resources and make habitat degradation. Ellis(2011) stated that the government's political support will be the most effective way to increase water use efficiency and decrease water waste.
Through many solutions, countries and people don't need to face trouble. As a result, solving the water pollution problem will be the way to promote reducing waste of energy.

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Water Pollution
Pollution is the contamination of infectious particles in air, water  or a loud noise.Contamination of water with the harmful particles that affect human body or the environment is called water pollution. According to the author Gray, (2012) it is becoming on of the world's biggest health risk, and continues to threaten both quality of life and public health in the United States.Water flowing from the sources get in touch of toxic chemicals, dirt,trash and diseases in it. Unprecedented flooding, countries faces high risks of water to get in touch with the harmful bacteria's. One of the main causes for people to suffer from shortage of water is because of which people are after ever water source which may be polluted for the drinking water is global warming. They can also promote ways to reduce wastage energy resulting from inefficient water collection.Ellis (2011) states that address increasing water scarcity in many places, governments can promote investments and policies that increases water use efficiency and decrease water waste.

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Everyone nowadays try to become calm and relax but feeling of pressure,stress and tension involves that person in stress. Physical,emotional and mental health problems are the most common results of stress. In addition to this, heart problems increasing pulse rate and high blood pressure are main side affects of stress.According to Doe's article in 2018, stress can physically affect the internal organs of body.Breathe too fast, loss of important carbon dioxide and wide range of illness resulting from stress. Moreover, stress can affect the emotions as well. people often overreact to the little problems and have panic attacks when people are under stress.Finally, people find addiction of drugs and alcoholism as a result to relieve stress. In addition to this, stress has a great influence on emotions, our feelings and internal body organs as well.Thus, if you want to live longer or don't want to involve yourself in these common diseases you have to reduce stress from your life.

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According to Doe(2018), in his article "The effects of stress", there are three main causes may result health risks such as physical, emotional, and mental. Physical effects can affect the heart it can be lead to the problems of respiratory system and stomach aches. In addition, emotions are also can easy cause stress, when people angry, moody or nervous. Furthermore long-term stress can result mental illnesses, which is depression. In conclusion, reduce stress it's the great way to stay healthy.

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Topic:The effects of stress
John doe (2018) in these article, believes that all the stress are occured by negative expression and pressure of human beings.Similarly there are many physical effect of stress which may harm to certain surface of human body namely; heart,respiratory system and stomach aches and emotion is also one of the main causes of stress Moreover, long-term stress also influenced mental illnesses which may lead to depression and alcoholism or any other addiction.

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Not respected of Anime culture and popularity
From people site, anime is just as a relaxing material or only for the children, perhaps they seems as a cartoon, especially parents. I believe that 1 out of 7 of the whole world will get interest on different age, whatever in Marvel, DC, Chinese fiction or novel, even Japanese Light Novel. In fact of this, Anime had been already developed from around 50 to 60 years ago. However, people believe that it is different dimension and it does not existed.

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The Effects of Stress
Nowadays, by having a stress can affects human problems such as physical, emotional and even mental health. Regarding J, Doe. (2018)says that, stress could affect human heart, respiratory system and stomach aches, as an result of that, it can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats and can cause high blood pressure. Furthermore, emotions are the easily way to cost people have stress.When people feels mood down, they might have panic attack, also they feel tired most of the time. when people under stress for long-term, it will become serious problem, it eventually tend to mental health illnesses. As consequently, stress is a huge seriously problem  that we are facing with, stop whatever you are doing now and take an rest relax our mind.

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The Effects of Stress
The author Doe(2018) in the article "The Effects of Stress" states that the stress causes many problems to the human body. Among them  the three main types of problems arising through extensive stress are  physical , emotional  and  mental health risks.  In physical problem it attacks mainly to three parts of our body i.e. heart , lungs and stomach.  Stress affect  emotions in such a way that people feel anxious , tired and  sometimes have panic attacks. In spite of this they also overreact very sharply to a little problems.Different serious problems can be raised related to mental through stress. One of them is most dangerous is depression in which people feel sadness , loneliness and hopeless. When this depression goes on increasing people are tend to use alcohol and drugs and become addicted.  As a result stress has been a serious problem in the world.

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It is generally believed that there are four primary reasons that create happiness: social relationships, money, society and culture, positive thinking. According to Conkle (2018), many people that have strong relationships are more likely to feel happy. In addition to that, financial is related to happiness, especially for poorer countries. Moreover, happiness can be influenced by society and culture. It is agreed that people who live in developed countries are more likely to feel happy than the people who live in war-torn countries. Furthermore, happiness can be influenced by the pattern of cognitive. Positive thinking is considered to create happiness. Overall, happiness is affected by strong relationships, a regular income, society and culture, and positive cognition.

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According to Doe(2018), in his article "The Effects of stress",this issue has been receving an level of attention from contemporary society.The purpose of his article is to take a close look at the drawbacks of this issue;moreover,this paper will present a modern society's benefits to this trend. First of all,there are several sorts of advantages,which is physical affects. For example,the people who live in modern times can improve their pulse rate and protect their body from heart disease. whereas, There are some kinds of disadvantages, which are stomach problems,emotions issue and so on.one of the side effects is the public who tend to eat high level of colestelol food.It could affe

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According to Doe (2018), the stress lead to physical,emotional and mental health effects .First pf all, there are some physical effects of stress. Firstly,stress can affect on heart such as increase the pulse rate and increase high blood pressure. Secondly, stress can affect the respiratory system . For example it can be lead to asthma and can cause a person to breathe too fast . Moreover stress can affect the stomach such as can cause stomachaches . Secondly . there are emotional affect by stress For example people suffering from stress often feel anxious and panic attack Additionally stress can make people angry , moody and nervous. Finally . long term of stress can consequence to mental health problem . Moreover stress can causes depression for instance extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness  . In addition , stress causes alcoholism . Besides, stress causes eating problems for example anorexia.

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Topic : The Effects of Stress
Doe, J (2018), In his article " The Effects Of Stress", believes that there are many issues might stress lead to such as physical, emotional and mental problems.First of all, physical effects maybe heart for example, raising the pule rates and HBP. Additionally, lungs diseases can be affected such as, asthma. Furthermore, stomach problems can be influence. secondly, emotional effects such as, anxious and stress able to make people angry. Finally, mental issues can be happened also. As a result depression able to lead to hopelessness and alcoholism example, anorexia. in conclusion, effects of stress on the health and body. And stress able to influence on feeling and minds.

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Topic: The Effects of Stress
Doe(2018), in his article"The Effects of Stress", states that there are too many common causes about stress such as physical, emotional and health risks. First of all that's a consequence of physical it's potentially can causes of cardiovascular, respiratory problems and health risks. Secondly there are also had emotional effects as well it's might states that if someone has this problems they may completely furious, temperamental and anxious.The author further states that's health hazard included by sickness, drunkenness and bulimarexia.

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Doe(2018), in his article "The Effects of Stress", states that extreme stress cause physical, emotional, and mental health problems. There are many physical effects of stress. It can affect the heart, the respiratory system, and stomach. Emotions are affected by stress as well. It can make you angry, moody, or anxious. It sometimes cause panic attacks. Another problem that stress cause is mental illnesses such as depression, alcoholism and other addictions. Especially, the longer you get stressed, the more serious mental illnesses you can go through.

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The Effects of Stress
Doe(2018), in his article "The Effects of Stress", states that too much stress attacks our body physically, emotionally, and mentally. Firstly, it cause problems in heart, respiratory system, and stomach. Stress also make you suffering from anxiety, anger, or nerve. Finally, it can lead to serious mental illnesses such as depression, alcoholism, and eating disorders.

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According to Sparks (2011) explain there are benefits and drawbacks for Flipped Learning Method which is very popular in United Kingdom. The first benefit from this learning method is deepen learning that can improve active learning to increase collaborative activity, peer learning and problem-based learning that can affect to the interaction with the classmates and teacher. Additionally this method  will improve student communication skills. On the other hands this method can't applied for all students because of the different  social economic background. Furthermore this method give negative effect to student because the students will spend much time in front of computer screens. And for the teachers will contribute significant time to prepare all the material. Overall, it can be said that Flipped learning beneficial to improve learning process in the class but also have problems for both the student and the teacher.

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In today's lesson, I'd like you to continue practicing writing a summary. Please follow the steps below:
1. Select one of the following topics:

global warming

cultural clashes

lifestyle changes

2. Find a suitable or interesting text on the topic you have chosen. e.g. a newspaper or a journal article.
3. Write a summary of less than 100 words with in-text citations and a reference list for the text you have found.

PLEASE READ THE TIPS BELOW CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU WRITE:
1. Skim
Skim the text, paying special attention to any headings or subheadings.

2. Highlight

Read the text again more carefully, underlining/ highlighting important information. Check any unknown words needed to understand the main points.

3. Note-taking

Make notes of the main points and supporting points (not supporting examples or details). Remember to use your own words so that you can paraphrase and avoid plagiarism.

4. Writing

Write the summary using your notes. Make sure you do not add anything which does not appear in the original (e.g. your own comments).

5. Checking

Check the summary to make sure you have covered all the main points. Make sure you have included a reference to the source.

USEFUL LANGUAGE
1. THE FRAME
·   According to Brown (2014), ...

·   Brown's (2014) article on global warming discusses...

·   Brown (2014), in his article "The Global Warming Crisis", argues that...

2. REMINDER PHRASES
·   The author goes on to say that...

·   The article further states that...

·   The author further states that...

·   (Author's last name) also states/ maintains/ argues/ believes that...

·   (Author's last name) concludes that...

Enjoy!