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Start building up to typical levels of visual stimulation
OR
Sensory reaction reduction

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Medication side effect
Stroke
TBI
Infection of the optic nerves
Infection of the eye
Meningitis
Detached retina

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Education
Bright colors
Different textures
Signs
Safety awareness
AE
Negotiate environment
Tracking
Divergence/convergenct
Acquity

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Compensatory Methods - Permanent Sensory Loss

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Compensatory Methods - Permanent Sensory Loss

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- Education - Home activities
Ways to participate in desired occupations
Use other senses (tactile, hearing)
Refer to the Department of the Blind

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Stroke

TBI
Diabetes
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Medication Side Effects

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injuries for permanent loss: TBI

compensation: use vision to cue where your body is, just apologize when you bump into people

injuries for sensory changes: TBI

remediation: movement activities: yoga, tai chi, balance training, walking with weights, LSVT big, moving in a ball pit, moving in swimming pool

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Permanent Loss: Touch receptors aren't receiving input due to injury (burn, severed nerve)
Injuries: Burn, SCI, Amputation, Stroke, MS, TBI, Built-up scar tissue
Sensory Changes: Phantom pain (hypersensitivity), Retinopathy (hyposensitivity), sensory defensiveness
Compensatory Methods: Visual cuing for safety, protective sensation, using unaffected areas to determine tactile information, environmental modifications
Remediation: Desensitization (progressive stimulation on the area), Sensory re-education (providing compression for proprioceptive input, identification of objects)

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Meningitis
Macular degeneration
Retinal detachment

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Temporary sensory changes:
-either hyposensitive or hypersenstive
-slowly introduce the stimulus
-decrease the stimulus
-wear nose plug
-go outside when smell is bothering you
-breathe through mouth
- wear a face mask if needed
-surgery if needed
-re-education
injuries
- TBI
-Cancer
-Demetia
-stroke

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Types: Sensorineural, Conductive, & Mixed hearing loss
Injury: TBI, prolonged ear infections, ruptured ear drum, age-related hearing loss (presbycusis), stroke, cranial nerve injury
Compensatory Methods: Sign language, closed captioning, compensating with vision, nonverbal communication, wearing noise cancelling headphones for hypersensitivity, choosing different seats in a classroom/working environment
Remediation: cochlear implant (conductive), increasing auditory input for hyposensitivity, sensory integration for hypersensitivity
Screen for vestibular issues
Home eval for safety, safety education for navigating the community

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Permanent Sensory Loss

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Injuries: Damage to vestibular cochlear cranial nerve (8TH )
Permanent sensory changes:
Cause:  TBI, virus
OT: compensatory strategies, modify environment by raising tabletops,

Sensory loss with recovery:
Cause: TBI, infection, Concussion
OT: remediation, working on functional balance during occupations,
Hypo: swings
Hyper: slow progression of movement-balance activities while seated

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Permanent Sensory changes:
-nerve is gone
compensatory:
- read labels and signs to make sure you are not inhaling a dangerous chemical
-have fire alarm or other auditory alarms
- also read expiration dates and label food with date that you open it
- get into a hygiene routine so you don't smell bad
Injuries:
-TBI
-Cancer
-Stroke
-Dementia

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Cause of sensory change:
-TBI (Gustatory cortex, Hypoglossal, Trigeminal)
- Tumor
- Dysgeusia/parageusia
- Sensory changes with aging (Hyposensitivity)
- Medication or chemotherapy side effects
- Damage to taste buds
- Can lead to weight loss/malnutrition

Hyposensitivity
Compensatory Method:
- Spicy, sour, salty, bitter
- Strong flavors
-
Remediation:
-
Hypersensitivity
Compensatory Method:
- Bland foods
- Familiar/preferred foods
- Serving food cold
Remediation:
- Building up tolerance to strong flavors

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Sensory Changes