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1.What did the pope claim?
2.What years did the crusades occur?
3.Who suffered horrible losses other than Muslims,Christians,and Jews

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1. Where was the first scene taking place?
2.What were the people doing to the wall?
3.Why did they bathe in the waters in Varanasi, India

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1.What do some monks do to be closer to god?
2.What is difference from being a monk in the monasteries and being a monk in the desert?
3.What does each new day bring

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Festivals and fairs throughout the year

Holiday comes from “holy day”

Christmas And Easter were two of the greatest Medieval holidays

Christmas celebrations lasted for 12 days comma decorated homes with Evergreens holy berries and mistletoe

Easter day was to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ

church services feasting in games. eggs were a symbol of New Life

People dance to the music of pipes & drum’s and sang folk song’s

Place were very popular, by the 13th century plays were often held Outdoors so people could watch them

Lots of performances with dances, mask’s, make believe sword fight”s

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Religion was important to all christians in the middle ages

Monasticism was when monks joined monasteries , communities devoted to prayer and service to fellow Christians

men sometimes became monks because they were seeking Refuge from war, sickness, or sinfulness

Saint Benedict had followers that followed his rules or instructions

Monks cared for the poor and sick, they copied religious texts, taught kids in school

Monasteries were laid out around a cloister

Illuminated manuscripts were created by monks hand’s

Medieval women did not wish to marry because of Monastic life

Hilgard of Germany founded a Convent and wrote many letters to Pope and other Church officials

Monks and nuns joined religious orders

St. Francis of Assisi was born to a wealthy Italian family but gave up his money to serve the poor

Friars lived in complete poverty and had to work or beg for food themselves and the poor

Francis love nature so he often pictured surrounded by animals

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Schooling took place in monasteries,convents, and cathedrals

Established under charlemagne

Most students were sons of nobles who were studying for careers in the clergy

1200’s universities/ studied latin,rhetoric,logic,geometry,arithmetic,astronomy,and music

Taught people to be guided by faith

Aquinas admired aristotle

Saw no conflict between faith and reason

Aquinas thought natural law was a order built into nature that could guide people's thinking about right and wrong

Lent is a period of 40 days till Easter where people gave up luxuries like meat and some drinks

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Paintings and sculptures of christ were out in churches to help people worship

Cathedrals showed most glorious expression in art and architecture

Gothic cathedrals looked like they were rising to heaven

Gargoyles were carved in front of in front of the church to show that devils and evil spirits would catch them if they did not obey the church

Immense space in gothic cathedrals

Constructed by hand

Took about 50 to 100 years to complete some took 200

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Christians hoped to go on a pilgrimage once in their life

Went to show devotion to God in hope of being cured of an illness or as a penance for their sins

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury tales which was a popular book about pilgrims

Fighting in the crusades was an extraordinary service

Some went for adventure or wealth but some sought that doing so would guarantee their salvation

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Church taught that people gained salvation, or entry into heaven and eternal life

Failing to do so condemned forever suffering in hell

Hell is a place with torments, fire and demons, and was believed to be a terrible place

Seven sacraments essential part of gaining salvation

sacraments were sacred rites that Christians believed brought them grace, or special blessing from God

Baptism cleansed a person’s sin when a priest pours water over their head

Confirmation was formal declaration of belief in God in the church

Eucharist is when the priest blesses bread(body of bread) and wine (blood of christ)

Matrimony is after marriage the couple signed their names in a book of records

Holy orders is the sacrament when a man becomes a priest

Penance is where you confess all of your sins to a priest and ask for God's forgiveness

Extreme Unction is when the priest “heals” the body of the sick with body oil

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Christian religion is one of the most important legacies of ancient Rome

Romans persecuted Christians for their belief, yet religion spread practice religion freely

One of the few ties that people had to a more stable time provided leadership, and at times ordered the distribution of food

Organised the church with system with all members of clergy had a rank, pop was assisted by high-ranking clergymen called cardinals

Archbishops oversaw large important areas called archdiocese, bishops were below them

1050 largest landholder in Europe

Latin, the language of the church, was the only language in Europe

Power brought to contact such as Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV

Gregory banned practice whereby kings could appoint priests, bishops, and the heads of monasteries

Henry was mad and argued with Gregory

Gregory excommunicated Henry

Henry begged for forgiveness for 3 days straight until forgiven

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Roman Catholic Church-- very important; 1000-13000 CE

Center of medieval life festivals, fairs, religious services, markets

Center of community activity, Town meetings, plays, concerts, and religious services

Provided education for some, helped poor and sick, daily presents through a person's life

Church explained world events, church taught salvation

Belief was widespread during that historians called the middle ages "Age of Faith"

affected peoples lives