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Nitrogen Fixation and Hydrogen Metabolism in Cyanobacteria

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Nitrogen Fixation and Hydrogen Metabolism in Cyanobacteria

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Roles of bidirectional and uptake hydrogenases in cyanobacterial hydrogen metabolism. Bidirectional hydrogenase is active mainly in the dark and under anaerobic conditions to dispose of reductants, whereas uptake hydrogenase functions in recycling the hydrogen lost during nitrogen fixation.

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hydrogenases and hydrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria

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hydrogenases and hydrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria may possess several enzymes that are directly involved in dihydrogen metabolism: nitrogenase(s) catalyzing the production of hydrogen concomitantly with the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia, an uptake hydrogenase (encoded by hupSL) catalyzing the consumption of hydrogen produced by the nitrogenase, and a bidirectional hydrogenase (encoded by hoxFUYH) which has the capacity to both take up and produce hydrogen.

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Extreme survival of cyanobacteria | Natural History Museum

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Our Story

Yes, there really is a Dr. Tim. It all started with 2 goldfish won at a school fair at age 6 that didn't survive their first night in his care. DrTim's gotten better at fish keeping since then! Read Our Story. See Our Story

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Treating Cyanobacteria | DrTim's Aquatics

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Yes, there really is a Dr. Tim. It all started with 2 goldfish won at a school fair at age 6 that didn't survive their first night in his care. DrTim's gotten better at fish keeping since then! Read Our Story. See Our Story

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What species of cyanobacteria produces toxins?

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What species of cyanobacteria produces toxins?

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Cyanotoxins can be produced by a wide variety of planktonic cyanobacteria. Some of the most commonly occurring genera are Microcystis, Anabaena, and Planktothrix (Oscillatoria).
Microcystis is the most common bloom-forming genus, and is almost always toxic. Microcystis blooms resemble a greenish, thick, pmaterial that accumulates along shores. Scums that dry on the shores of lakes may contain high concentrations of microcystin for several months, allowing toxins to dissolve in the water even when the cells are no longer alive or after a recently collapsed bloom.
Planktothrix agardhii forms long, slender, straight filaments that usually remain separate but form dense surface scums. Its presence may be revealed by a strong earthy odor and the filaments are easily detected visually in a water sample.

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Cyanobacteria as a dietary supplementation

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Cyanobacteria as a dietary supplementation

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Some cyanobacteria are sold as food, notably Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina).

Despite the associated toxins which many of the members of this phylum produce, some microalgae also contain substances of high biological value, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids (proteins), pigments, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes.Sulfate polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and even antiviral activity against HIV, herpes, and hepatitis.

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The Capability of Cyanobacteria for Aquaculture Feed

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The Capability of Cyanobacteria for Aquaculture Feed

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Due to the rising cost of fish meal in the world market today, it is indispensable to be able to find a cheaper alternative that has the potential to act as a food source for aquaculture feeds. Hence, after several researches being finalised, it has been proven that Cyanobacteria has the ability to act as a base of the aquatic food chain or in other words, having the capability as a substitute proteins for aquaculture feed.

Below is the link to a video showing how imperative algae for aquaculture feed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUIEuilqeVA

For more information, do refer in the video attached below.

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The Potential of Algae as an Aquaculture Feed

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William van der Riet, CEO of TomAlgae, talks to TheFishSite about the future of algae in the aquaculture feed industry.

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A complete report that contains wide range of information needed for a better understanding right from the basic treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater to the cultivation using the right nutrient requirements for algae growth. The list of detailed contents and data compiled in this report shows algae as a vital bioremediation agents widely practiced in various facilities.

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Cyanobacteria, a Potential Biofertilizer ?

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Cyanobacteria, a Potential Biofertilizer ?

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“How?” you might ask. Well, further reading on the below journal attached would enhance your knowledge and perspective on the detailed conversion and relatively, how the study of cyanobacterial biofertilizers gives out a positive impact on the environment, human health and the sustainability of natural  ecosystems.

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Cyanobacteria as a Source for Biofuel Production

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Cyanobacteria as a Source for Biofuel Production

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Cynobacteria has a great potential in producing a biofuel product which eventually creates a sustainable future in all means. Assistant Professor from Arizona University, Anne K.Jones emphasises more details about the role of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in producing biofuel as product in the video below.

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MWV Episode 59 - Anne K. Jones - Cyanobacteria's Potential as a Fuel Product

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In episode 59 of MicrobeWorld Video, filmed at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting in Vancouver, BC Canada on February 17, 2012, Dr. Stan Maloy talks with Anne Jones, D. Phil., Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Arizona State University, about why her research into harvesting excess light energy has promising potential as an energy alternative.

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Emerging discovery of myriads benefits from cyanobacteria would and will potentially change the medical history. Here’s to more insights into cyanobacteria’s potential antidote.

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This video talks about the health benefits of spirulina. As you all know, spirulina is a type of cyanobacteria.

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http://draxe.com/ I want to share with you the health benefits of the Spirulina. This blue-green algae is one of the top superfoods in the world today. Its nutritional profile is loaded with chlorophyll, B Vitamins, Vitamin K and minerals such as zinc and magnesium.

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A presentation that compiles everything about cyanobacteria.

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Presented by: Shraddha Bhatt PhD (Microbiology) AAU,Anand

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The economic importance of cyanobacteria.

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The economic importance of cyanobacteria.

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Just a simple power point presentation regarding the advantages of cyanobacteria.

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basic study on economic importances of cyanobacteria.. their contribution to the biological world.

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This article has more current information regarding  cyanotoxins.

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Yes, cyanobacteria blooms can be very dangerous. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms, also known as HABs can use up oxygen in water and cause threat to marine organisms.For more details,please read here.

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Cyanobacteria are a group of bacteria found throughout the world. They grow in any type of water (fresh, brackish, or marine) and are harmful to humans and animals.

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CYANOTOXINS .                                                 ( Potent toxins produced by Cyanobacteria)

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CYANOTOXINS .                                                 ( Potent toxins produced by Cyanobacteria)

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This video gives you a clear understanding about cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. It also explains the threats caused by cyanotoxins.

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08/24/2016 Water Research Foundation. Cyanobacteria and their pervasiveness in recreational and drinking water sources are a significant challenge for water utilities worldwide. This video provides information on the science behind cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins and a utility perspective on the latest in source water protection, monitoring, detection, and treatment.

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Cyanosite For Cyanobacteria, The Blue-green Algae

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Cyanosite, a general webserver for cyanobacterial research.

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Les espèces du genre Nostoc peuvent prendre des formes très variées, et se présentent souvent très différemment selon qu'on les observe à échelle macroscopique (colonies) ou microscopiques (filaments bactériens). Certaines espèces, quand elles vivent en colonies, ont l'apparence de petites boules (de quelques millimètres de diamètre à un centimètre environ, voire une dizaine de centimètres exceptionnellement) qui peuvent les faire confondre avec des champignons.

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Cyanobacteria Anabaena. Empleado distintos sistemas de iluminación, contraste fases, oblicua..

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Our Oxygen Atmosphere

Take a deep breath. Feel your lungs expand as the oxygen is scavenged from the air and enters your bloodstream. Your body, like that of all animals, has evolved to require oxygen for survival. We now consider Earth to be an oxygen-based planet, but this hasn't always been the case. Three billion years ago, that oxygen you take for granted was not found in Earth's atmosphere.

So where did the oxygen in our atmosphere come from? Your first guess is probably that oxygen comes from plants during photosynthesis. While it is true that plants contribute oxygen to the atmosphere, the first land plants only evolved around 475 million years ago, while analysis of ancient rocks shows evidence of oxygen in the atmosphere as far back as 2.3 billion years ago. Obviously we are missing something. That something is bacteria - most notably, cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria is a large and diverse phylum in the kingdom Bacteria. The phylum Cyanobacteria includes many different species, but all these species have one thing in common that makes them different than all other bacteria - they are oxygenic phototrophs.

Let's break this term down further: ' Oxygenic' means that they are able to generate and release oxygen. ' Phototroph' refers to the ability of cyanobacteria to use light photons ('photo-') for nourishment ('-troph').

Putting it together, cyanobacteria use photosynthesis to acquire energy from light, generating oxygen as a byproduct. The energy is then used to enzymatically convert carbon dioxide from the air into the nutrients needed for growth.

The cyanobacteria contain a specific type of chlorophyll called chlorophyll a and other pigments that are used for photosynthesis. The chlorophylls and pigments efficiently capture specific wavelengths of light, transferring the light energy to the cell.

One common pigment is phycocyanin, which is a blue color ('cyan' means dark blue). This is the origin of the 'cyano' in the name 'cyanobacteria,' and this pigment, in conjunction with the green chlorophyll, is the source of the common name 'blue-green algae.' It is important to note, however, that cyanobacteria are not a species of algae.

Morphology of Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacterial species have diverse cell morphologies. Cells can range in size from 0.1 micrometers to 40 micrometers and include a range of cell shapes. Some species live as single cells, while others form colonies of many cells. Many species are filamentous, forming long, straight chains of cells or many branching chains. Some filamentous species have special cells mixed into the chains called heterocysts, which capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and transform it into chemical forms that can be used by the cyanobacteria. This is often referred to as fixing nitrogen.

Roles of Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria can be found in nearly all environments. They can generally survive anywhere there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis. Several species live in symbiosis with lichens, ferns, and liverworts. Cyanobacteria can survive in soil or on the surface of rocks, often lying dormant in times of drought and awakening during wet periods to divide and grow.

Other species can form thick mats in warm, shallow marine environments or float freely in nutrient-rich bodies of fresh water. Some species living in water can bloom. This occurs when the cyanobacteria enter a period of rapid cell division. These blooms can be dangerous to other organisms, as some cyanobacteria produce toxic chemicals that can cause illness if consumed.

Cyanobacteria are generally very tolerant of extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes. It is not unusual for cyanobacteria to be the dominant, or only, phototroph in these extreme environments.

Common Genera

There are several common genera of cyanobacteria.

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characteristics & species - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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Cyanobacteria: Definition, Characteristics & Species - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Take a deep breath. Feel your lungs expand as the oxygen is scavenged from the air and enters your bloodstream. Your body, like that of all animals, has evolved to require oxygen for survival. We now consider Earth to be an oxygen-based planet, but this hasn't always been the case.

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bioremediation, algae, Liebig's law of minimums- algal blooms -filamentous, cyanobacteria blue green algae- excessive nutrients pond,lake, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen, microbes

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Liebig's law of minimums, nutrient reduction, algae, microbes, nutrients-filamentous algae-cyanobacteria, blue green algae, algal blooms, pond, lake bioremediation

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What Are Cyanobacteria And What Are Its Types?

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Other common types of Cyanobacteria Spirulina are coil free organisms which are up to half mm in length. They are unicellular and can be cultured. They have dual mode of nutrition that is autotrophic and heterotrophic. Locomotors movements like rotation and bending have been shown by Trichomes.

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What make cyanobacteria dangerous ???

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What Makes Blue-Green Algae Dangerous?—Speaking of Chemistry

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Pond scum is usually just a nuisance, but it can become dangerous. Check out the chemistry behind these harmful algal blooms. And don't forget to subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions ↓↓ Full description and references below ↓↓ When the environmental conditions are right, blue-green algae (which are actually blue-green bacteria) can blossom into harmful algal blooms. These blooms can release all sorts of deadly poisons into the environment.

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Uploaded by Ainul Farisyah on 2017-03-11.

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This article tells you that Metabolic activity, not light, drives the circadian clock in cyanobacteria.

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Popplet is the best app for sharing visual ideas.