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Moderated caucus is debate qualified by a speakers list, speaking time, motions, and points. This is the main way delegates will debate issues in committee. As a chair, it is your responsibility to maintain an engaging and productive flow of debate.

For the most part, the delegates will do the brunt of the work. All you need to do is answer questions that they may have about parliamentary procedure and maintain order when it debate gets raucous.

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This is a limited amount of time which allows delegates to have informal discussions.

During unmod, delegates will usually form their blocs, start working papers, and attempt to bridge together working papers.

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Unmoderated Caucus | MUN Training | Worldview Education

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Delegates love unmod, but it is not always appropriate. As a recommendation, shoot for one unmod per 45 minutes of moderated caucus. You should understand when it is unacceptable to move into unmod more than when it is acceptable. It is more important that you know when you should demur motions to move into unmod over accepting them.

Despite this, here are a few signs you may need an unmoderated caucus:

Low energy, or delegates don't have any more points to make (they keep saying the same thing)

You think delegates need to work on their positions or are confused.

You want to let delegates work on resolutions.

You need to a break to talk with USG, use the bathroom. Avoid doing this as much as possible.

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Working Papers, Draft Resolutions, Resolutions

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Working Papers, Draft Resolutions, Resolutions

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Working Paper: A bloc of nations write their working papers before submitting it to the chair. When a working paper is reviewed and approved by the chair it can be introduced to the committee as a draft resolution.

Draft Resolutions: When a working paper has been approved by the chair, it is a draft resolution and can be introduced as a resolution by the committee.

Resolution: After the committee votes to pass a draft resolution, it becomes a resolution.

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"Motion to introduce draft resolution UNGA 1..."

This motion does not require a vote.

An introduction is a brief summary of the operative clauses in the draft resolution.

Introductions are procedural. After the resolution is introduced, the regular speakers list commences.

Delegates will want to debate the  draft resolution after it is introduced. Delegates should do this through a motion for a moderated caucus.

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Why is the UN Charter Relevant to Parliamentary Procedure?

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Why is the UN Charter Relevant to Parliamentary Procedure?

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High school students are often patronizing and pedantic. They are also, on occasion, right sometimes. The UN charter is invoked by more experienced students to strengthen the ethos of their arguments or to set the agenda. It may be useful to have easy access to the UN charter and its procedures to create an accurate procedural environment.

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Placards. In the general assembly, collecting your placards and placing them down is a frustrating venture because students will want to sit next to their friends, or want to sit in a specific seat. They are also entirely relevant to the flow of debate, creating the physical environment of communication.

In my experience, the best way to set up a committee is in alphabetical order. Students will be mad at first, but it encourages note passing and reduces the overall rowdiness of the committee.

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Writing resolutions is a critical skill in Model United Nations - resolutions are the culmination of delegates' hard work in researching and debating their assigned topic. Students work together to create in-depth resolutions that effectively solve global problems - but what if you're new to Model UN, and you're not sure how to write a resolution?

In this video, you'll watch a sample lesson from the MUN Institute that teaches you all of the basics in writing Model UN resolutions. Best Delegate Co-founder Ryan Villanueva lays out everything you need to know in order to write your first resolution - check it out!

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Sample Lesson: How to Write Model UN Resolutions - Best Delegate Model United Nations

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Writing resolutions is a critical skill in Model United Nations - resolutions are the culmination of delegates' hard work in researching and debating their assigned topic. Students work together to create in-depth resolutions that effectively solve global problems - but what if you're new to Model UN, and you're not sure how to write a ...

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Now, pay close attention to the order things are done here. Opening the first committee is confusing and I have never done it smoothly. It is most important to be confident, but I have included the order by which you should do things.

This list should only be used in your first committee session AND after you have completed debate on your first topic.

1. Delegates to return to seats and decorum.
2. Roll Call
3. Motion to Open Debate / Motion to Set the Agenda
5. Move into Moderated Caucus for Agenda

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"Decorum delegates, the committee is now in session. Staff please bar the doors and delegates take your seats. The Chair will now take roll call."

"Please raise your placard high and indicate present or present and voting. Afghanistan..."

After you have recorded the roll for the committee, indicate whether you have a quorum (at least half of the voting members present).

Now you can move into debate by looking favorably upon a motion to open debate!

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When a state is present and voting they must refrain from abstaining in voting procedures. There is no need to pay close attention to this, however.

In the actual UN there is no roll call, and state come and go as they please during votes- many states protest votes by leaving the committee while voting on a resolution.

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2. Motion to Open Debate or to Set the Agenda

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2. Motion to Open Debate or to Set the Agenda

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This is the first motion a delegate will bring to the floor. "The country of [country name] motions to set the topic to the discussion of [topic A or B] first followed by topic..."

What happens next?

1. The Chair creates a primary speakers list, with three speakers for then three speakers against. In smaller committees (Ecosoc and SA) the speakers list may be abridged to two speakers. Speaking time can be set to one minute.

2. After the speakers list is exhausted, the committee shall vote on to pass the motion with a simple majority.

3. A motion proceed to the second topic area is in order only after the committee has adopted or rejected a resolution on the first topic area or debate has been adjourned.

4. In crisis, the chair may call to table debate on the current issue to discuss a more urgent matter.

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Choosing not to vote yes or no on a substantive matter. This usually occurs when a delegation cannot
vote decisively due to policy, allegiances, or indecisiveness itself.

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The order in which topics are debated. The first order of business after roll call is to set the agenda. The
agenda will dictate which committee topic will be debated first.

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A substantive addition or change to a draft resolution. An amendment can be friendly, with the sponsors’ permission, or unfriendly, which must be approved by a majority vote.

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a group of nations with similar interests usually voting together

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The moderators of the committee. The Dais controls the flow of debate, accepts working papers, draft resolutions and formal resolutions, and makes sure the rules of procedure are followed. They monitor committee to ensure it functions successfully.

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The respect for others all delegates and participants that must exhibit throughout the duration of the conference.

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A change in voting that allows the committee to vote on each clause of a resolution instead of the entire resolution as a whole. To do this, delegates may Motion for a Division of the Question.

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The second step in forming a final resolution. Draft resolutions are formed after delegates collaborate and combine working papers.

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When a delegate requests an action for the entire committee to follow, such as a moderated or un-moderated caucus, introduction of a resolution, or to move into voting procedure.

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An organization that is not a member of the United Nations but is permitted to participate in debates. An
observer cannot vote at HenMUN.

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A document is “on the floor” when it has been approved by the Chair and formally introduced to the committee.

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A clause of a UN resolution that dictates what action the resolution recommends or takes.

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A person who delivers notes in committees

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A piece of paper with a delegate's country or role. Raise placards to demonstrate interest in speaking, and the chair chooses who speaks based on placards raised.

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When a delegate makes a request pertaining only to that delegate, such as a point of information, inquiry, or personal privilege.

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The first part of a resolution acknowledging previous actions and the continued need for
action.

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Matters that pertain to the structure of committee and how it runs. All delegates present must decisively
vote on procedural matters.

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The first action taken by a committee is to take attendance.

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A country/delegate that wishes to see a paper discussed and debated in committee. Resolutions usually require 1/3 of the committee or 10 signatories to be considered.

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The list of countries the Chair has chosen to speak during formal debate

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A primary writer of a draft resolution.

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Matters pertaining tot the topic on the floor. Only states with voting rights can vote on substantive matters.

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The first document submitted to the Dais to begin the process of writing a resolution. Working papers consist of shared ideas by delegates on how to solve the topic.

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Motion to Move into Moderated Caucus Exchange

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Motion to Move into Moderated Caucus Exchange

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Chair: The Chair will be accepting new motions on the floor.
*Delegate of USA raises placard*
USA: The Delegation of the United States motions to move into a 10 minute moderated caucus with a 60 second speaking time to discuss the cyber aspect of national security.
Chair: That motion is in order at this time.
*AD adds the motion to a list of declared motions*

This motion passes with a simple majority.

Motions that shift the discussion are the most disruptive, followed by the longest motion to move into moderated caucus. As a chair, you have the authority to decide which motion is most disruptive; just be weary as some delegates may argue with you about how disruptive their motion is.

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After passing the Motion to Set the Agenda, you announce "the speakers list is open with a speaking time of 1 minute (or 45 seconds, see below). Please raise your placards to be added to the speakers list" (you should add about 10 delegates to the speakers list)

"Are there any points or motions on the floor?"

See the section on general speakers list for more information about the speakers list.

As the chair, open your speakers list with a speaking time of 1 minute to start. For large committees, you might want to shorten this to 45 seconds.

Encourage delegates to open a moderated caucus, which restricts debate to a specified topic for a set duration. See moderated caucus section.

Congrats! You are well on your way to running the committee yourself!

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A state that is present and may participate in the debate. The present and voting declaration at roll call indicates that the state will not abstain from votes in the committee.

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Motions on the floor are voted on in the order of most disruptive to least disruptive. Though there is a scale for how disruptive motions are, it is often up to the Chair to determine how disruptive each motion is. From most disruptive to least:

Tabling or Closing debate

Voting Procedure

Introducing a resolution

Unmoderated Caucus

Moderated Caucus

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After the speaker has concluded her remarks, the chair may ask the committee if there are any points of information. A point of information is used to clarify a country's stance or to emphasize a logical fallacy in a speaker's argument. These Points of Information must be:

Short

End in a question mark (so the question should start with a question word).

NOT to interrupt a speaker.

Be about a substantive matter that the speaker has raised. This is not a platform for the delegate raising the point to get on a soapbox- if this occurs you may interrupt the delegate.

The question must be addressed to the chair, and the chair may allocate a few seconds for the delegate to respond.

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What does a good chair do during unmoderated caucus?

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What does a good chair do during unmoderated caucus?

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Observe. Chairs are responsible for picking best delegate. These delegates are not just eloquent, but lead the policy process during unmod. Be incisive: draw a distinction between the delegates who are talking loudly and those who are coalition builders

Record the bloc positions. You should jot down a few notes on your provided legal pad about the blocs that are being formed so that you can encourage.

Encourage. Some delegates have a difficult time participating in moderated caucus. Encourage students who don't speak up to participate in the process. Talk with them about their views of the issues, especially if they aren't talking with anyone. Encourage them to contribute to a resolution with an idea they have. Some experienced delegates will want to pilot their own resolutions. Resolutions should be robust, not plentiful. When there are too many resolutions delegates should debate in moderated caucus about the merits of combining policy.

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Committee will meet for 3-4 hours on Saturday afternoon. By this session, procedures become monotonous, excitement dims down, as delegates iron out the semantics of their resolutions and pass them one by one. Many delegates stop listening during death session, so it is your responsibility as chair to create excitement by challenging the students at this time.

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The speakers list is the order in which delegates speak on an issue with an allotted amount of speaking time. How to construct a speakers list:

1. Ask the delegate raised the passed motion if they would like to speak first or last.

2. Figure out how many speakers belong on the speakers list using math [see post below on Number of Speakers].

3. Instruct delegates to "please raise placards high to be added to the speaker's list"

4. Try to keep a written record of who is being added to the speakers list; avoid adding the same delegates repeatedly if possible, especially if the committee is large.

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The motion to move into moderated caucus will include a speaking time. If the speaking time is 60 seconds, delegates may address the committee and chair within 60 seconds. When a delegate has concluded their remarks, they will yield time. Speaking time begins when the speaker begins.

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As you have noticed, the length of the speakers list is dependent on the length of the moderated caucus and the speaking time. Here is a formula for determining speaking time:

[length of Mod in minutes] * 60 / [speaking time in seconds] = [number of speakers]

Here are a number of recommended speaking times:

10 min Mod; 60s ST; 10 speakers

9 min Mod; 45s ST; 12 speakers

5 min Mid; 30s ST; 10 speakers

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So you get this awesome gavel. What will you do with it? Use it however you'd like, as long as its not hurting anyone else. It is also used for letting delegates know when they have to wrap their speeches up.

Here is what I would recommend:

1 gavel when they have half of their time left

2 gavels when they have 10 seconds left

Gavel repeatedly if the delegate goes over the speaking time, and call them to order if they keep speaking. Be nice here, though.

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As per parliamentary procedure, delegates have the allotted speaking time to address the committee and the chair. Delegates may do what they like when they have time; they can speak for the length of the speaking time, but most will make a couple of remarks and then yield time. Of course, delegates are allowed to speak for the full duration of their speaking time without yielding time, and you may have to remind some delegates to yield time when they sit down after making a speech. Delegates can yield time in a few ways:

Yield to the chair: this is by far the most common way to yield. Delegates yield time to the chair when they are done speaking. You may only move to the next speaker after the speaker has yielded the remainder of their time to the chair.

Yield to another delegate: the remainder of the speaking time shall be given to another delegate. The second delegate may not yield any remaining time.

Yield time to questions: The Chair shall select a delegate to pose a question to speaker. The speaker has the remainder of their speaking time to answer questions posed by delegates the chair has chosen. The speaker may refuse to answer the question. Questions should be to illicit information, not act as a pedestal- they should be short information based questions, like a point of information. Tip: pause the speaking timer when a delegate poses a question- just remember to start it again when the speaker begins!

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What does the Chair do when the speaker does not yield?

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What does the Chair do when the speaker does not yield?

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First, the chair should survey the committee: ask delegates if there are any motions to comment. A motion to comment is only in order when a delegate does not yield their time and there is a remaining amount of speaking time. There is no vote on a motion to comment: it is a motion raised by a delegate and is recognized to be in order by the chair.
The motion to comment is the reason why most delegates yield time to the chair. It prevents other delegates from setting the agenda during the speaker's time.
In a motion to comment, two delegates will be given the chance to make relevant comments to the speech just heard (remember, their comments should be about the speech, not about the delegate or their own platform, or something else.)

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An appeal is made when a delegate feels that the Chair has made an incorrect ruling. The delegate formally challenges the Chair in writing by sending a note to the dais, moving to appeal the Chair's decision. The appeal will be taken to the respective Under-
Secretary-General who will decide if the appeal will be considered. Once the motion is acknowledged, the Under-Secretary-General will hear from both the delegate and the Chair before making a decision.

This has never happened to me, but if a delegate writes an appeal, don't be discouraged! You are still the boss of the room!

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Substantive- These votes are for amendments and resolutions. Delegates may vote Yes/No/Abstain or Yes with Rights/No with Rights. Delegates that vote with Rights are allowed the opportunity to speak after the vote on their decision. Should be done with a role call vote.

Procedural- The only counted votes are Yes or No. Delegates may not abstain. These votes have to do with parliamentary procedure and the topic of discussion. Should be done by raising placards to expedite procedure.

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The main difference is that all motions require seconding from another delegate. This means that at least one other delegate must support a motion for it to be in order.

Motions also may require a voting procedure. This is either a substantive or procedural vote. More on motions and their voting requirements in the section on voting.

Delegates must say "I/we move..." NOT "I motion to..."

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When a delegate finishes speaking and does not yield time, the motion to comment is in order.

Pause speaking time when this motion is in order.

Two delegates are chosen by the chair (the one that raised the motion, then another). The delegate that seconds this motion may speak second.

Resume speaking time, making each delegate aware of the remaining time before they commence speaking.

Delegates can make relevant comments to the speech they just heard. The chair has the right to call the speaker to order if the comments do not pertain to the speech.

Delegates shall not yield time under a motion to comment.

Does not require a vote.

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"During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may raise a Point of Personal Privilege, and the Chair shall immediately address the point. A Point of Personal
Privilege must refer to a matter of personal comfort, safety, and/or well-being of the members of
the committee. The Chair may refuse to recognize a Point of Personal Privilege if the delegate has not shown proper restraint and decorum, or if the point is dilatory in nature."
- Delegate Guide

This point will be raised if a delegate wants to use the bathroom during committee, or if the delegate could take off their jacket because they are hot or something like that.

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"During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may raise a Point of Order and the Chair shall immediately consider the request. A Point of Order must relate to the observance of the rules of the committee or to the way the Chair is exercising his or her power. A delegate raising a Point of Order may not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion. The Chair may refuse to recognize a Point of Order if the delegate has not shown proper restraint and decorum governing the use of such a right, or if the point is dilatory in nature."

In short, delegates will raise a point of order so the chair may clarify the rules if the committee.

Delegates may interrupt a speaker with a point of order.

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Chair recognizes the Right of Reply in instances of grave insult, and may be submitted to the chair either verbally or by a note. Delegates may interrupt the speaker with this point. Use your judgement: right of reply cannot be appealed.

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"If there is no discussion on the floor, a delegate may raise a Point of Inquiry to request clarification of the present procedural status of a meeting. A Point of Inquiry may never interrupt a speaker."

This answer is the motion to moderated caucus discussion topic.

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The committee may, at the recommendation of another delegate or the chair, table the discussion of a topic (agenda item), and move onto the other topic on the agenda. Once the motion is passed, the topic is tabled and no further discussion of the topic is in order.

Two delegates will speak in favor, two delegates will speak against.

Procedural Vote

2/3 Majority required

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Motion to Close Debate and Move into Voting Procedure

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Motion to Close Debate and Move into Voting Procedure

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When the chair feels as though delegates have produced sufficient Resolutions and the resolutions have been introduced, and the debate on the topic has been adequate, the motion to close debate and move into voting procedure is in order. Resolutions are voted on after debate on an issue has been finalized.

Once this motion has been passed, the committee will end all debate and immediately vote on all draft resolutions and amendments.

Two speakers, opposing the motion, shall be allowed.

Procedural vote, requiring 2/3 Majority

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Order of Points / Order of Motions / Disruption

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Order of Points / Order of Motions / Disruption

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From least disruptive to most disruptive; when creating a voting itinerary, vote in order of most disruptive to least disruptive
I. Point of Personal Privilege
ii. Point of Order
iii. Point of Inquiry
iv. Point of Information
v. Introduction of a Draft Resolution
vi. Motion to Suspend Debate
vii. Motion to Table Debate

viii. Motion for Closure of Debate
ix. Motion to Adjourn the Meeting

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1. Committee Name
2. Sponsors
3. Signatories
4. Topic

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Delegates who wish to see the resolution debated.
The number of required signatories can change as per the preferences of the chair, but it is standard for a resolution to require 1/5 of the committee to be signatories for a resolution.

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The authors of the resolution. At least two members should be sponsors for a resolution, though a chair can increase the requirement based on the size of the committee and preferences.

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States all the uses a committee wants to resolve. Pre-ambulatory clauses should include general facts about the topic, historical actions, and references to treaties, resolutions, etc.

Contains perambulatory, which are underlined.

Commas are used to separate perambulatory clauses.

Below is an example of a perambulatory clause. For more sample clauses, refer to the HenMUN guide in sources

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States the solutions that sponsors of a resolution will propose to solve an issue.

-Use an ordered list format (see format of operative clause)
-Underline the operative language (the first word in each clause). These should be action words that prescribe an explicit action.
- end each operative clause with a semicolon
- end the last operative clause with a period

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Introduced to the chair as a friendly or unfriendly amendment. Can only add, delete, or change an operative clause in a draft resolution.
- Adds an operative clause that reads "14. ..."
- Deletes Operative clause 9.
-Changes operative clause 1 to read....

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Requires chair approval. Follow procedure for introducing an amendment, and announce that the amendment is friendly.

An amendment is friendly if all sponsors (authors) of the draft resolution are signatories to the amendment.

Friendly Amendments are adopted automatically.

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Requires chair approval and signatories from 1/5 of the committee.

Follow procedure for introducing an amendment, and announce that the amendment is unfriendly.

Delegates will want to debate an unfriendly amendment and can do so through a moderated caucus.

Voting on amendments: the committee votes on amendments during voting procedure, NOT after an amendment is introduced.

Voting order of amendments: The committee votes on amendments in the order giving priority to amendments that propose the most amount of change to a resolution. The committee shall vote on amendments before voting on a resolution.

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Delegates will introduce speakers lists based on a total speaking time and individual speaking time. You need to find out how many speakers are on the speakers list.

Speaking time / Length of Moderated Caucus = Number of Speakers

But remember that the delegate that introduced the motion can decide if they would like to go first or last in the speakers list.

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The motion to close debate nullifies the speakers' list and triggers voting procedure on draft resolutions that have been introduced.

The chair will select between zero and two speakers to oppose the closure. After both delegates have concluded speaking (speaking time set to chair's own discretion), the motion is put to a procedural vote, requiring 2/3 majority to procedure.

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When a delegate votes with rights on a resolution or amendment, the chair will ask that the delegate explain their vote after the vote has concluded but before the results have been announced.

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A delegate may move to adjourn the meeting until a specified time.  The chair should suggest this to delegates when delegates have to go to lunch. Also use this motion to close committee at the end of the final session!!!

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In HenMUN, to preserve fairness across all delegates, the P5 does not have veto power.

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All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

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Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and

4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

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1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.

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https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/index.htmlNothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

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1. Home

2. Charter of the United Nations

The UN Charter

The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter. Visit the UN Dag Hammarskjöld Library's collection of translations of the UN Charter.

Read more

Buy the UN Charter

This redesigned edition for the UN's 70th anniversary features a new introduction titled "From War to Peace," exclusive archival photos and the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Audiovisual Library

Documentary about the founding of the United Nations Organization and the San Francisco Conference in 1945

This film, set against the stirring words of the Preamble of the United Nations Charter, premiered to an audience of Heads of States from around the world. Fanfare incorporates six languages and incorporates cutting-edge drone footage and breathtaking aerial photography with an inspiring original symphonic score.

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The UN Charter The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.

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Email: cos@henmun.org
Phone: 908-670-6374

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At the beginning of the committee, you can ask delegates to be added to "a speakers list". Unlike the Moderated caucus, this speakers list is the procedure that you will default to after a moderated caucus ends. For most of committee you will be in moderated caucus, which has a topic and a set duration, but when you are not in a moderated caucus you will have your speakers list. So when the last person in the moderated caucus speaks you then say:

"Thank you delegate. The chair will resume the speakers list if there are no other points or motions on the floor.

(wait)

Delegate from _____ you have 45 seconds."

As the general speakers' list runs out of delegates, you can ask the committee to raise their placards to be added to the speakers list. Add at most 10 at a time.