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I think making eye contact, giving each other a smile, using some gestures properly or interacting with the audience are all good habits in speeches. Eye contact and smile show your respect and friendliness to others, and gestures can better guide the audience to keep up with your rhythm. And often shaking your head, pointing at others and avoiding eye contact should be avoided in the speech.

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l think soft skills are good communication,team work, time management,observation, empathy and logical thinking and the personal characters and personality.l think l have learned a lot about the communication and team work during these days.In addition,l have become more independent.But l think l should improve my logical thinking and digital skills like computer skills more .These will be helpful for my studies.

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My major is education.There are  six kinds of teaching format l will have in the university.Outside my timetabled hours, l must study independently including preparation for classes, follow-up work, wider reading, practise completion of assessment tasks, or revision.These can help me manage the study well and become more independent.

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I fully support what Picasso said about.In my opinion,in children's cognitive world, there are no taboos and rules, all things are interesting and strange, and their thoughts are naive and simple so children will not think about what this thing likes when painting, but show it in different ways with their own understanding and senses, which can be called imagination and creativity.However, the adults  have known how to understand the problem correctly through the modern education system, they will not pursue to understand it in different ways. So I think what Picasso wants to express is that art needs creativity, and children's creativity is cherish and colorful. Therefore, it is important and difficult to maintain children's creativity and imagination when they grow up. Parents should encourage their children to create things by themselves, instead of training and criticizing them.

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In his lecture ‘Introduction to film’,Jon Towlson states five components of the film carefully.
Firstly,he discusses the star by introducing Richard Dyer’s theory and argues that star is a constructive image not a real person and they mean a commodity  to studios and ideology to audience.And the star can be recognized by star quality and make business for companies.Then Towlson discusses the genre which means type has five features:the story,plot,character,setting and style.He emphasizes that some people think that genre begins from the early period of films to post-modern period but others believe that it is cyclical and exists in the classic period.Towlson continues to say the narrative which was defined by David Broadwell and other narrative types.Next,Mr.Towlson talks about the story and plot which is the distinct presentation with materials like credits.Afterwards,Towlson believes that the character is the agents of effect and cause and flashbacks can present the temporal order.This different patterns of development can encourage people to image.Finally,Towlson introduces the Auteur theory which believes that the director is the author and depends the production of the films.In conclusion,Towlson thinks that the film is an universal language which can be understood by people with different nationality and a kind of art.

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Summary of Video-on-demand and the myth of 'endless choice'

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Summary of Video-on-demand and the myth of 'endless choice'

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In this article,Roderik Smits claims that the development of video-on-demand the impact on the online audiences’ choices.He uses an example of the comedy-drama Sieranevada(2016)to show VOD can provide chances for films to access to audiences’ attention.Smits then states that the online market creates distribution chances for more films than the theatrical cinema and DVD/Blu-ray markets by using 119 samples from European and US film festivals and analyzing the graphs.However,there are still 26% of the professional films that the audience is not accessible because of the operating way of the industry.So Smits explains its reason because the movies can’t be released without the distribution rights from the sales companies and sales companies usually cooperate indirectly with content aggregators or VOD platform.In addition,Smits adds that online movies make less profit.Finally,Smits gives some suggestions for the sales companies and policymakers.The first one should make a stronger commitment to provide films online.And the policymakers should pay more to distribution incentives for customers and diversity.Besides,the audiences need more films to choice in this advanced Internet age.

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Task 1
In my opinion,if the content and topic of films are easy-understanding,interesting and happy,the audience can easier accept and  access to markets .The Chinese people who have kids prefer to let their children watch the happy ending movies like light comedies or fairy tales.Similarly, horror movies are more difficult for the elder people and people with inadequate psychological capacity.In addition,people don’t pay much attention to films which are related to literature and drama and the young person like Hollywood movies and action movies such as Harry Potter and the Avengers.On the contrary ,some literary films which are unknown in China are more popular abroad. Therefore,l think the accessibility is depended on different cultures and various popular themes in different countries.

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The thought of creating a blockbuster type of film

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The thought of creating a blockbuster type of film

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In my opinion,the famous director,popular actors and a large stable investment are the essential factors which should be included in a blockbuster type of film.Meanwhile,this kind of film will need a lot of audience and workers to complete this film effectively.

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l wold like to become a  camera operator  in camera department.Although it is not one of the leaders in film industry ,l can learn much more photography knowledge from the director of photography.In addition,it's interesting and meaningful for me to record the process of filming and  the vivid performances of actors with a camera.Also this job will give me a chance to touch the film industry which l have not experienced yet.

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In this seminar discussion, Jiaqi, Chengyue  and Ke yi.We communicated with each other and shared different opinions.Although Alasdair Palmer believes that multiculturalism will have a negative impact on the integration of  immigrants in Britain,l prefer  Madeline Bunting's views that multiculturalism  can make people from different countries more tolerant of ethnic diversity.This is because when people from different countries live in a neighbourhood  which can give them chances to communicate with each other sincerely and  open up their minds.More importantly,l think everyone should respect other's cultures and try to understand different cultures.ln conclusion ,the most active way is to make laws by the government.

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The videos show that in Tudor dynasty,the parliament wanted to stimulate the wool trade so they made a law that all men over six years old except the nobility must wear wool hats on Sundays and holidays.And l think there are also some strange laws allover the world but l am not familiar with the laws of other countries. So l searched the internet and found some strange laws about the Switzerland。

The first is that the Swiss government does not allow people to install the air conditioners in order to protect the environment. Although air conditioning is not available in Swiss summer, their people don't worry about it, because the average temperature in Swiss summer is about 20 degrees which is cooler than most countries
The second one is that the toilets cannot be flashed after ten o’clock in the morning and people cannot make noise to affect others.This is because Switzerland pays great attention to personal privacy and more importantly,people in Switzerland hardly disturb the others especially at nights.
All in all ,maybe some laws look strange in some countries whereas these strange laws depend on different countries’ conditions and there are helpful and related to their policies.

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The summary of The law of England and Wales

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The summary of The law of England and Wales

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In this lecture,at the beginning,Adam Wilson emphasizes that he will just discuss the law of England and Wales because the Scotland’s law is separated from others.Then he gives four different aspects which he will talk about.Firstly,Mr.Wilson explains the background and its forming ways of the common law clearly.He explains that the common law is always changing because the common law is created from practical problems which happen in people ‘s daily life so that when two person have arguments ,the judges will solve it and have the power to make new laws.Mr.Wilson also adds that this forming way is different from the civil law’s which is created at once.Then he uses many examples to explain the differences between killing and murdering and when they will be legal.Secondly,he discussed differences between the civil law and common law about the unwritten constitution.Thirdly,Mr.Wilson introduced the separation of powers is proposed by Abraham Lincoln and each branch has a little power to prevent passive uses of power like abuse.In addition,the executive belongs to government,the judiciary is controlled by judges and the legislative belongs to the parliament.Mr.Wilson also adds that the parliament consists of the Commons,lords and monarch and it has the most power to control the country and laws.Finally,he introduces the independent status and work of judges and two famous inns of courts.

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A good paragraph should start with a topic sentence which is focused on the main point so that the readers can read clearly.When you are talking about your argument ,you should add some evidences to support yours points.Then you should explain the evidence and tell the readers why you choose it and where is the connection with your arguments.Finally,add some related links to the topic.So the structure of the paragraph is from general to specific.

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Conclusion:
There are three parts in a conclusion.Firstly,restate your thesis which comes from the introduction.
Secondly,sum up the argument with the old evidence and a person judgement about the topic but  don’t add new arguments.
Finally,conclude the statement.In this part,you should highlight your most important argument again and answer the questions you think about.
Introduction:
There are four parts in a introduction.
1.A relatively narrow general background about the topic.
2.Additional information on the topic.If you want to give definitions ,you should focus on one specific interpretation that is related to your topic.
3.Thesis and outline can be written together and outline shows how you plan your thesis statement .

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A good academic presentation should include three steps:plan, prepare, and practice.
Firstly, you should arrange your work weekly.Secondly,you should clear that what should you do in each week.Thirdly,if you have finished your presentation ,you should practice it again and again and remember when and where it was held.

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The Geography of Thought (Mattehw Lemon)

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The Geography of Thought (Mattehw Lemon)

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In this lecture,Mattehw Lemon talked about the differences between eastern and western cultures in five aspects.Firstly,he introduced a psychologist called Richard Nesbitt’s and said  that the countries in the same continent may have the different cultures geographically.So he discussed a method of marking areas which was created by Samuel Huntington(1993).Meanwhile,the western countries were signed with blue whereas the red areas signed the cyclic cultures.Secondly,Mattehw searched an Asian man and a Western man and the Asian man has more formal appearance.In addition,he introduced a Chinese artist named young Yuri U.S. who used red and blue signs to explain the differences between the western and Asian cultures clearly.Thirdly,he discussed three experiments about the baby teaching and news reports in America and China and a fish picture.These analyses show that the westerners prefer the nouns,actors and objects, while the Asians focus on  the relationships,context and environment.
Then,Mattehw introduced four famous philosophers.Afterwards,the lecturer analyzed the differences between China and Greece’s crops from the geographical aspects
In conclusion,Mattehw thought that in western cultures ,people are active to change the environment and pay more attention to logic but Chinese people prefer to build harmonious relationships and they don’t change unless the environment changes.Moreover, some people believes that changes are the chances to grow while others argue that they will’ be the threats.

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What surprise me the most about the UK law and why?

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What surprise me the most about the UK law and why?

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This is the first time that l have a really understanding of the UK laws and there were many places that surprised me.
Firstly,Britain has five different laws especially in Scotland,it has its own independent,different and mixed judicial system with its own jurisdiction.Interestingly, it is similar with the Roman-Dutch law.
Secondly,UK law has the family court and all levels of family judiciary ,whereas in China, we only have people's courts divided by administrative districts and other specialized courts such as military courts.
Thirdly, the public and the media are able to go to all court hearings and the media can report those proceedings fully at once but people should be invited to the hearings in Chinese laws. I think this will give citizens a better understanding of the process of criminal cases.
All in all, I have a relatively clear understanding of the UK law , and I think it will also be helpful for my future study in Britain.

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In this video,Alex Lyon wants everyone to understand that good transition statements can help people explain their main points better in the presentation.He suggests four tips so that the listeners can focus on what you say and follow your presentation.Firstly, transition statement should separate main points.When you don’t have visual signals,some sentences like”And that leads us to...” and”Another issue is...”can help listeners move to the next points.Secondly,signpost each main points and Alex Lyon prefers use number to avoid speaking conclusion again from misguide the listeners. And it is easier for speakers add another transition after one of the main points.Thirdly,the classic transition should include part A and Part B.Finally,summary transition is a more suitable and natural  way to speak the main points clearly so that the listeners and Alex prefer this transition more.In conclusion,these four tips can help speakers  better talk about their main points and help audiences understand and keep up speakers’ ideas clearly and easily.

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These two articles show that people have different understandings of color because of various cultures all over the world. In article A, blue is the safest color which can represent trust, security, and authority in some western countries, while in article B it symbolizes holiness and divinity in eastern countries. Similarly, green is a positive color in the cultures of most countries in the west and east. It symbolizes luck, spring, wealth, youth, fertility, and new life and many other hopeful meanings in article A. However, according to the article B, green sometimes means death in some American cultures. When it comes to red, in article A, it represents passion, energy, excitement, action, love and danger in western and eastern countries. While in article B, red symbolizes mourning, violence and sacrifices in South Africa. In article B, yellow is a symbol of jealously, betrayal, weakness, and contradiction in western countries. But in article A, it represents envy in Germany. When it comes to article A, orange is a fun color which represents love, happiness, humility, and good health. But in Egypt and Middle East, orange is associated with mourning in article B. Article A introduces two more colors than article B, which are black and white, while article B talks about another color which is pink. In western culture, white symbolizes purity, elegance and peace. But in Asian such as China and South Korea, white is associated with funerals. Black symbolizes maturity, death and evil in many cultures. Pink is widely regarded as femininity, love, and romance in both western and eastern countries. Purple is a symbol of royalty, wealth and nobility all over the world in both articles. However, article B also mentions that purple symbolizes mourning and unlucky in Thailand and Brazil. To sum up, different colors represent different meanings in different cultures and people need to respect and understand them.

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I'll call the police, because I don't think I should break the law or steal for any reason. If I didn't go to the bank to call the police, the police didn't know. But the bank will find that a sum of money has been lost, so the police will definitely find a way to find this robber. Then this man hid himself from the police so that his life will be meaningless. Besides, I think if the people who in the orphanage knew that these money was stolen from the bank, they will afraid to spent the money and feel very to other people. Although the man will go to jail and the orphanage will have no money to support his life after I report to the police, I think he will reflect on his actions in prison, which is also an opportunity to turn over a new leaf.And if the robber is successful in this robbery,he will always steal money for the orphanage because it is easier than making money by himself.Finally, I think it is better to donate part of the auction money to the orphanage through charity associations than to use an illegal sum of money.

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1. How does use sarcasm when talking about Nelson Mandela?

He said Mandela had died three months ago, satirizing those who did not know when Mandela really died.

2. Why does Veitch reply to one of Winnie’ s emails with ‘of course,no woman,no cry’ and to another with ‘no problem,l shot the sheriff()...’?

I think it means he is defending himself and Winnie is threatening him.

3.What would you say is necessary to be able to understand and /or appreciate humour?

When the atmosphere is awkward,humor can adjust it and make it active.It can also reveal some unreasonable points in the daily life through sarcasm.

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Our business is still going on. I'm trying to increase the balance for my lawyer, so that he can submit all necessary legal documents to the bank.Then the claim procedure can begin. Please transfer 1500 pounds through Western Union.

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Summary of Information processing model 

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Summary of Information processing model 

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In this speech,the speaker firstly explained that so much information is stored and processed in brain so scientists make a information-processing model.The first stage happens in the sensory memory which records all sensory information temporarily and have iconic memory and echoic memory.Interestingly,the different forms of information entry decide the length of the memory duration.Then,she talked about the difference between visual information and auditory information.Visual information lasts less and vivid,but auditory information lasts longer.After that the speaker discussed the working memory namely short-term memory,which can hold five to nine pieces of information at a time.It has different components to process the input place such as visual and spatial information.After that,the speaker said the long-term memory is the final stage.Although our memory works imperfectly,a lot of information can be stored in the long-term memory.Meanwhile,there are two types of long-term memory ,they’re called explicit memory and implicit memory.The first is easy to define ,while you can not define the implicit memory clearly.In conclusion,the speaker emphasized that although people don’t have ability to process information like the computers in a moment,the capacity long-term memory is unlimited and our brains can store more information than we thought.

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Summary of GL what is sleep and why we need it?

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Summary of GL what is sleep and why we need it?

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In this lecture,firstly,Richard Cotterill explains the reason why he studies sleep.This is because he is interested in the connection between sleep and academic performance.

Then,he talks about the content of this lecture.

The first part is what is sleep.He believes that sleep seems to be universal and every creature do this even the plants.Sleep is a little more than just resting,it seems to be far more complicated activities taking place.In addition,he talks about what happens to our brains when we sleep.Our brains will be more active than before.There are four stages of sleep and the basic stages are the”Non-REM” and “REM”.When we are close to sleep ,we will have two pressures:circadian rhythm and the sleep hormones.After that,he sets some examples to explain two factors can make you feel sleepy.

Secondly, many charts and famous examples are given by Richard to show that lack of sleep is very harmful to health and will increase the risk of illness and other parts.

While,enough sleep can improve memory and muscle memory so that people will have better performance and stronger muscles.

In conclusion,Richard suggests that we should avoid light,sunshine,caffeine before we sleep.People should stay a similar sleep routine,have a hot bath and meditation when they go to sleep.

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Sleep and organizational behaviour summary

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Sleep and organizational behaviour summary

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This article discusses the impact of sleep and organizational behaviour on workplace productivity and safety. Firstly,the author describes that sleep is an important part of human health and effective daily operation.Circadian rhythms can also be affected by organizational demands. Secondly,author talks about two main components of sleep:sleep quality,sleep quantity. Both poor sleep quality and sleep loss will have negative effect on employees’ s occupational health, safety risks and daily rhythms.The working environment is a challenge to the circadian rhythm of workers. Thirdly,this section is mainly talking about sleep and sleepiness assessment methods and indicators.There ’re two methods for measuring sleep and sleepiness:objective and subjective measures.And consumer technology can provide a meaningful measure of sleep habits when comparing a person's different time. Furthermore, the authors explain the long-term and short-term effects of shift work on workers and the differences due to different occupations.The author further shows that individual differences such as age and other factors can affect the impact of the work environment on employees and health. After that ,the writer gives a large number of examples to illustrate the poor effect of sleep deprivation on work and the importance of sleep， as well as other factors that can lead to sleep problems. Therefore ,he suggests that people should keep good sleep habits and human resources should focus on the well-being of employees.

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In this lecture, Dr. Simon Skempton explains the relationship between philosophy and social sciences. First of all, he gives a definition of philosophy—the rational investigation into fundamental questions of reality,knowledge,morality,etc and gives four examples of different philosophers.Then he sets the branches of philosophy including"Epistemology","Ethics","Logic","Metaphysics" and other ones.Also he explores the relationship between philosophy and religion. He thinks that religion and philosophy are talking about similar questions and some metaphysical and ethical questions in philosophy are addressed by the religion.Although religion depends on faith,philosophy uses rational argument to support arguments. Afterwards, Dr. Simon Skempton talks about philosophy and science.He argues that philosophy maybe a kind of the science and science also has its limit. After that,he expounds the opinions of two philosopher on the philosophy and science. Firstly, Bacon argued that knowledge comes from experience and observation.And Kant argued that we should analyse the limits and its conditions of likelihood.In addition, science can only tell us about the world we experience. It cannot tell us about the world out of our experiences. Finally,two competing approaches Dr.Simon Skempton mentioned are positivism and phenomenology.Positivism argues that we should study people's behaviour as we study natural science.And the phenomenology believes that we should try to understand people's internal views .

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1. Memory is the capacity of storing and retrieving information.(Smith,2016)
Paraphrase1:Information can be retrieved and stored by memory.(Smith,2016).

2.Jones et al.(2016,p.23) states that "there are thought to be over 4000 plant species used by forest dwellers as food and medicine alone".
Paraphrase2:Jones and other researchers.(2016,p.23) deem that “the forest dwellers use more than 4000 plants just for their food and medicine. ”

3."Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on how nonverbal behaviour may reveal inner states".（Taken from John Wilson's book in 2016 on page 23).
Paraphrase3:A succession of experiments are conducted to investigate the possibility of nonverbal behaviour on revealing inner states by the Paul Ekman who comes from the University of California.（Taken from John Wilson's book in 2016 on page 23).

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In this article,the writer emphasizes that cross-cultural communication and understanding cultural differences is very important and necessary for the success of any project.And it is difficult for person to define the borders of human nature and culture.Meanwhile, culture is a kind of sharing with compatriots .There are three steps in cross-cultural communication, first observation, then interpretation, and finally evaluation or judgment. Judging another person’s or culture’s actions or communications is the most difficult one among these three steps.Then,the author gives two methods to avoid incorrect interpretation and disrespectful evaluation. The first is to understand other people's culture, and the second is to suspend evaluation.In addition,Geert Hofstede and others used five dimensions to describe cultural differences, and then Richard divided culture into three categories.After that,the author suggests four easy but necessary principles for cross-cultural communication.When you are not speaking your native language,you should pay more attention to your proverbs and idioms.In conclusion,sincerity and respect are the most important points that determine whether the cross-cultural communication is successful.

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120 words:Stoics suggest a different way of thinking and believe that people’s sense of self-worth is not just the external successes and people who purse these things are not wrong.while when people begin to external values they will lose virtue such as happiness,judgement and other internal values. In conclusion,do our best and pay attention to our inner activities because the results and what happens are beyond our control.If it’s possible,try to let the external ambitions go and make yourself more easily satisfied.

60 words:This article emphasizes that it is more important to realize people’s internal value than people’s external value,because many things can’t be controlled and when people purse the difficult ambitions ,they will lose many internal values such as happiness.

30 words:People should pay more attention to internal values and don’t be disappointed about your looses.Just try your best .

15 words:Just do your best in the goal and pay more attention on the internal values.

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1.Fire because is hole in the light, and thus to the human figure mapping in the hole in the Wall, so that people through the senses see the facts. But the shadow the reason for the shadow, because the hole in the fire of the relationship, shadow become shadow. If you do not fire, shadow natural not become its shadow. Available in turn, fire if no shadow, then the fire on always appear not out of things form out. So shadow and not to what are shaded living, so that people what are invisible, but is so that fact be presented an important a part. Thus shadow is the fact that the part, is to the fact able to achieve it's important component. Therefore fire is not true of light. It is still invisible, is to hide the part. So this light still not a fact, which also not the truth.

2. I think that if you know some truths that make you feel uncomfortable in your heart, you don't actually need to remember all of them. Knowing the most important ones is enough.

3. I think it does. This should be determined by his public status. For example, a country’s rulers, scholars, and leaders in various fields have a responsibility to get in touch with the truth and know the truth.