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Culture Identity in Intercultural Business Communications

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Culture Identity in Intercultural Business Communications

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Juyuan Bao
Copyright (c) 2017 Juyuan Bao
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Culture Identity in Intercultural Business Communications | Bao | Finance and Market

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Culture Identity in Intercultural Business Communications

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Professional business communication is essential to the success of any corporation. This could include writing memos, reports, or proposals. Small businesses all the way up to corporations can benefit from professional and technical communication.

There are many different forms and aspects of business communication. Every document must be reviewed for legal implications, because any and all written documents in a business environment can and will be used in court. For all documents, use professional language and tone. When writing any document, it is important to pay attention to your audience and consider their background when writing. Two criteria for solid communication involves the ability to persuade and to be usable in business writing.

When writing business documents such as memos, reports, or workplace e-mails, it is important to consider these points. Efficiency in the business setting is of extreme importance and it all begins with communication. Wasting time in communicating is ultimately wasting money in today's society.

The accuracy of any work is extremely important, especially if it is something that is intended to be truthful or obtain a position of interest; like a resume. If an employer or anyone associated with the employer (audience) finds out that you lied or exaggerated on anything you severely risk not obtaining or even losing your job. It is in everyone's best interest to be completely truthful when compiling any form of business document. Not only can your job be tainted, but the loss of respect from others can be even more damaging.

Every document that is created is normally crafted to someone specifically. This someone would be your intended audience. Your writing style and content will be tailored to them because they are the ones you must impress. In many situations, however, an unintended audience could come into play. This could be anyone that you never expected to see your document, such as a boss or co-worker. For example, if you send an email to a co-worker talking about the company that you work for, or even your peers, the co-worker is your intended audience. Although, if your boss were to come across this document, he or she would be the unintended audience and there could be severe repercussions if the email was not crafted with other people in mind.

All aspects of your business documents should take into consideration everyone that could potentially read it. By ensuring this, you will save yourself and possibly even save your job. The worst case scenario could be that your document's untended audience is the people in a court of law.

Overall, one must always consider who will be reading or witnessing their documents. With the business world becoming more and more global, it is increasingly important to understand how to communicate with a foreign audience as well. Something that might not be offensive to you, could easily be offensive to someone from another culture. No one will make decisions in your favor if they feel that you deliberately offended them. This could all be caused because your communication was lacking, and you weren't properly considering your audience.

Communication in business varies from task to task. Here is a list of just some of the different documents that can come up in the business setting:

-Memorandums (Memos)

-Presentations

-Proposals

-Reports

-Feasibility studies

-E-mail

-Résumés

-Cover letters

-Websites

After getting your main point across you should properly end communication. Ending a communication is as important as getting your point across. Research has shown that the reader is able to remember things said at the end of communication more than in any other part of communication. The ending is an important place to influence the readers' impressions of the subject you are presenting. In order to properly end communication, it is important to follow the guidelines presented below.

 Guideline One: After you've made your last point, stop. Try to use a pattern of organization that allows you to stop at a natural place.Guideline Two: Repeat your main point. Make sure to emphasis your main point in your conclusion. It allows the reader to think about the main point one last time.Guideline Three: Summarize your key points. Although this guideline is similar to the one above, when you summarize, you are ensuring that your audience understands your entire communication.Guideline Four: Refer to a goal stated earlier in your communication. It is common to state a goal in the beginning of communication. Referring to your goal at the end of communication sharpens the focus of your communication.Guideline Five: Focus on a key feeling. In some communications, it may be important to encourage your reader. Therefore, focusing on a feeling will help focus your reader.Guideline Six: Tell your readers how to get more information. Giving future communication assistant will encourage your reader.Guideline Seven: Tell your readers what to do next. Giving guidance will help lead your reader in the direction you want.Guideline Eight: Identify any further study that is needed.Guideline Nine: Follow applicable social conventions. Examples of this are letters ending with an expression of thanks, and a statement that it has been enjoyable working with the reader.

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Professional business communication is essential to the success of any corporation. This could include writing memos, reports, or proposals. Small businesses all the way up to corporations can benefit from professional and technical communication. There are many different forms and aspects of business communication.

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Social Functions of Conditional Apologies in Business Communication

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Social Functions of Conditional Apologies in Business Communication

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Xing Zhang
2012-2018 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
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Social Functions of Conditional Apologies in Business Communication | Zhang | International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

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Social Functions of Conditional Apologies in Business Communication

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Communicative strategies of international business negotiations (IBN) viewed synergistically

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Communicative strategies of international business negotiations (IBN) viewed synergistically

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Ye. V. Tarasova
Copyright (c) 2014 Ye. V. Tarasova
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PROF SONIA ROHIT AGGARWAL
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2018 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL

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BUSINESS COMMUNICATION:A SKILL | AGGARWAL | International Education and Research Journal

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Communicating in Collectivistic Culture: Relationship between Interdependent Self-Construal and Cooperative Communication in Cross-Cultural Communication Model

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Communicating in Collectivistic Culture: Relationship between Interdependent Self-Construal and Cooperative Communication in Cross-Cultural Communication Model

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Pin Lick Soo Hoo
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Communicating in Collectivistic Culture: Relationship between Interdependent Self-Construal and Cooperative Communication in Cross-Cultural Communication Model | SHS Web of Conferences

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SHS Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Humanities and Social Sciences

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The Nonverbal Language in Cross-Cultural Communication and Its Application in International Business Negotiation

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The Nonverbal Language in Cross-Cultural Communication and Its Application in International Business Negotiation

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Yanfang HOU
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Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture

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The Nonverbal Language in Cross-Cultural Communication and Its Application in International Business Negotiation | HOU | Cross-Cultural Communication

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The Nonverbal Language in Cross-Cultural Communication and Its Application in International Business Negotiation

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The Significance of Cross-cultural Communication in International Business Negotiation

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The Significance of Cross-cultural Communication in International Business Negotiation

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Tingqin Zhang & Hui Zhou
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The Significance of Cross-cultural Communication in International Business Negotiation, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2008) | International Journal of Business and Management | CCSE

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With china's entrance to WTO as well as the international trade global integration, we must carry on the international commercial negotiations inevitably. If we want to achieve a goal in intercultural negotiation, we should understand different negotiation styles in different countries.

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Gail Morong & Donn DesBiens
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Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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What's it about?

Intercultural communication, teamwork, and leadership applies the basic principles of effective communication to intercultural communication in challenging business situations like constructive feedback, conflict negotiation, and crisis management. Diversity brings multiple perspectives that often spark team creativity. Yet, different expectations, values, and behaviours spark personal reactivity too, and in unexpected ways. Learning about the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and experiences that support intercultural communication is necessary for effective communication in diverse work groups, teams, and organizations.

What will I learn?

On successful completion of this course, you will be able to:

What's involved?

This course is offered as a micro open online course comprising five learning pathways each containing numerous resources, activities, and learning challenges.

You will join an international community of learners interested in gaining specific knowledge and skills in the field of corporate communication. Learners will include first year business students and working individuals who want to learn about current business communication standards. In contrast to typical first-year university level courses, you are invited to engage with this course for your own interest and enjoyment at your own pace or for possible credit.

This micro course forms part of the larger Corporate Communication course of study coupled with CCOM101 and CCOM103. On completion of the three associated micro-courses, if learners wish, they can be assessed for academic credit.

Prerequisites?

Anyone is free to participate in this CCOM103 micro course. An internet connection and basic web browsing skills are recommended. Learners should have the ability to create a personal blog, post microblog comments, participate in an open discussion forum (instructions and self-study tutorials are provided), and working knowledge of office software and file management.

Learners preparing for assessment for formal academic credit will need to meet the normal university admission requirements of the conferring institution.

Image credit: Haus im Garten by August Macke. Work in the public domain in county of origin.

Duration: 4 weeks,10 hours per week

Assessments: 3 hour challenge exam

Credentialing:

Course Credit: Requirement for the Corporate Communication course

Level: 1st year Bachelor's

Gail Morong, is Senior Learning Designer at Thompson Rivers University with over thirty years experience as an educator. Gail has been actively engaged with the Read More

Donna DesBiens, is an instructional designer with the Royal Roads University Centre for Teaching and Educational Technologies, where she holds the intercultural learning portfolio. Donna Read More

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Anton Smith <newSplash Studio, Otago Polytechnic>

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Intercultural communication, teamwork, and leadership | OERu

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What's it about? Intercultural communication, teamwork, and leadership applies the basic principles of effective communication to intercultural communication in challenging business situations like constructive feedback, conflict negotiation, and crisis management. Diversity brings multiple perspectives that often spark team creativity. Yet, different expectations, values, and behaviours spark personal reactivity too, and in unexpected ways.

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Chapter 10: Intercultural  and International Communication

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Chapter 10: Intercultural  and International Communication

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eCampusOntario
ShareALike 4.0 Interrnational
Communication for Business Professionals by eCampusOntariois licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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Source: pixabay.com

Culture involves beliefs, attitudes, values, and traditions that are shared by a group of people. Thus, you must consider more than the clothes you wear, the movies you watch, or the video games you play, all representations of environment, as culture. Culture also involves the psychological aspects of your expectations of the communication context. From the choice of words (message), to how you communicate (in person, or by e-mail), to how you acknowledge understanding with a nod or a glance (nonverbal feedback), to the internal and external interference, all aspects of communication are influenced by culture.

Watch the following 1 minute video What is Culture?

It is through intercultural communication that you come to create, understand, and transform culture and identity. Intercultural communication is communication between people with differing cultural identities. One reason you should study intercultural communication is to foster greater self-awareness (Martin & Nakayama, 2010 ). Your thought process regarding culture is often "other focused," meaning that the culture of the other person or group is what stands out in your perception. However, the old adage "know thyself" is appropriate, as you become more aware of your own culture by better understanding other cultures and perspectives. Intercultural communication can allow you to step outside of your comfortable, usual frame of reference and see your culture through a different lens. Additionally, as you become more self-aware, you may also become more ethical communicators as you challenge your ethnocentrism , or your tendency to view your own culture as superior to other cultures.

Ethnocentrism makes you far less likely to be able to bridge the gap with others and often increases intolerance of difference. Business and industry are no longer regional, and in your career, you will necessarily cross borders, languages, and cultures. You will need tolerance, understanding, patience, and openness to difference. A skilled business communicator knows that the process of learning is never complete, and being open to new ideas is a key strategy for success.

Communication with yourself is called intrapersonal communication , which may also be intracultural, as you may only represent one culture. But most people belong to multiple groups, each with their own culture. Does a conversation with yourself ever involve competing goals, objectives, needs, wants, or values? How did you learn of those goals, or values? Through communication within and between individuals many cultures are represented. You may struggle with the demands of each group and their expectations and could consider this internal struggle intercultural conflict or simply intercultural communication.

Culture is part of the very fabric of our thought, and you cannot separate yourself from it, even as you leave home, defining yourself anew in work and achievements. Every business or organization has a culture, and within what may be considered a global culture, there are many subcultures or co-cultures. For example, consider the difference between the sales and accounting departments in a corporation. You can quickly see two distinct groups with their own symbols, vocabulary, and values. Within each group, there may also be smaller groups, and each member of each department comes from a distinct background that in itself influences behavior and interaction.

Intercultural communication is a fascinating area of study within business communication, and it is essential to your success. One idea to keep in mind as you examine this topic is the importance of considering multiple points of view. If you tend to dismiss ideas or views that are "unalike culturally," you will find it challenging to learn about diverse cultures. If you cannot learn, how can you grow and be successful?

To summarize, intercultural communication is an aspect of all communicative interactions, and attention to your perspective is key to your effectiveness. Ethnocentrism is a major obstacle to intercultural communication.

How to Understand Intercultural Communication

The American anthropologist Edward T. Hall is often cited as a pioneer in the field of intercultural communication (Chen & Starosta, 2000). Born in 1914, Hall spent much of his early adulthood in the multicultural setting of the American Southwest, where Native Americans, Spanish-speakers, and descendents of pioneers came together from diverse cultural perspectives. He then traveled the globe during World War II and later served as a U.S. State Department official. Where culture had once been viewed by anthropologists as a single, distinct way of living, Hall saw how the perspective of the individual influences interaction. By focusing on interactions rather than cultures as separate from individuals, he asked people to evaluate the many cultures they belong to or are influenced by, as well as those with whom they interacted. While his view makes the study of intercultural communication far more complex, it also brings a healthy dose of reality to the discussion. Hall is generally credited with eight contributions to the study of intercultural communication as follows:

1. Compare cultures. Focus on the interactions versus general observations of culture.

2. Shift to local perspective. Local level versus global perspective.

3. You don't have to know everything to know something. Time, space, gestures, and gender roles can be studied, even if we lack a larger understanding of the entire culture.

4. There are rules we can learn. People create rules for themselves in each community that we can learn from, compare, and contrast.

5. Experience counts. Personal experience has value in addition to more comprehensive studies of interaction and culture.

6. Perspectives can differ. Descriptive linguistics serves as a model to understand cultures, and the U.S. Foreign Service adopted it as a base for training.

7. Intercultural communication can be applied to international business. U.S. Foreign Service training yielded applications for trade and commerce and became a point of study for business majors.

8. It integrates the disciplines. Culture and communication are intertwined and bring together many academic disciplines (Chen & Starosta, 2000; Leeds-Hurwitz, 1990; McLean, 2005).

Watch the following 3 minute video: Intercultural Communication in the Workplace
Hall indicated that emphasis on a culture as a whole, and how it operated, might lead people to neglect individual differences. Individuals may hold beliefs or practice customs that do not follow their own cultural norm. When you resort to the mental shortcut of a stereotype, you lose these unique differences. Stereotypes can be defined as a generalization about a group of people that oversimplifies their culture (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999).

The American psychologist Gordon Allport explored how, when, and why people formulate or use stereotypes to characterize distinct groups. When you do not have enough contact with people or their cultures to understand them well, you tend to resort to stereotypes (Allport, 1958).

As Hall notes, experience has value. If you do not know a culture, you should consider learning more about it firsthand if possible. The people you interact with may not be representative of the culture as a whole, but that is not to say that what you learn lacks validity. Quite the contrary; Hall asserts that you can, in fact, learn something without understanding everything, and given the dynamic nature of communication and culture, who is to say that your lessons will not serve you well? Consider a study abroad experience if that is an option for you, or learn from a classmate who comes from a foreign country or an unfamiliar culture. Be open to new ideas and experiences, and start investigating. Many have gone before you, and today, unlike in generations past, much of the information is accessible. Your experiences will allow you to learn about another culture and yourself, and help you to avoid prejudice.

Prejudice involves a negative preconceived judgment or opinion that guides conduct or social behaviour (McLean., 2005). As an example, imagine two people walking into a room for a job interview. You are tasked to interview both, and having read the previous section, you know that Allport (1958) rings true when he says we rely on stereotypes when encountering people or cultures with which we have had little contact. Will the candidates' dress, age, or gender influence your opinion of them? Will their race or ethnicity be a conscious or subconscious factor in your thinking process? Allport's work would indicate that those factors and more will make you likely to use stereotypes to guide your expectations of them and your subsequent interactions with them.

People who treat other with prejudice often make assumptions, or take preconceived ideas for granted without question, about the group or communities. As Allport illustrated, you often assume characteristics about groups with which you have little contact. Sometimes you also assume similarity, thinking that people are all basically similar. This denies cultural, racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and many other valuable, insightful differences.

In summary, ethnocentric tendencies, stereotyping, and assumptions of similarity can make it difficult to learn about cultural differences.

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Source: pixabay.com Culture involves beliefs, attitudes, values, and traditions that are shared by a group of people. Thus, you must consider more than the clothes you wear, the movies you watch, or the video games you play, all representations of environment, as culture. Culture also involves the psychological aspects of your expectations of the communication context.

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Unit 8: Intercultural and International Communication

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Unit 8: Intercultural and International Communication

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Saylor Academy
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© Saylor Academy 2010-2019 except as otherwise noted. Excluding course final exams, content authored by Saylor Academy is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Third-party materials are the copyright of their respective owners and shared under various licenses.

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topic: unit 8: intercultural and international communication

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Saylor Academy: BUS210: Corporate Communication, Topic: Unit 8: Intercultural and International Communication

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Investigation of effective communication skills as a prerequisite for succeeding in business, with particular attention to communication tools and activities that connect people within and beyond the organization. college credit, nccrs, thomas edison, asba, adamjee, ace, alternative credit project

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING

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JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING Archives - Research leap

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Research Leap is an international journal hosting platform for business research, management and innovation. Research Leap is where business practice meets research. Making your research visible helps you leap into new research opportunities.