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Format guideline

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Close Reading =Writing/Reading

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Where does ice cubes melt faster?

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Arctic Sea Ice Disappearing

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Blank Template

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Reading

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1. Introduce El Niño and have students brainstorm possible effects.
Explain to students that El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean surface temperatures. Ask students to brainstorm what negative effects they think would be likely to accompany the rise in temperature, including any global natural disasters. Prompt students to think about the impact on weather and marine life, and to include such events as droughts, floods, mudslides, hurricanes, typhoons, and wildfires.

2. Show students the National Geographic video "El Niño."
Show students the National Geographic video "El Niño." Then check students' comprehension. Ask:

3. Have students map the patterns of El Niño and La Niña in the world's oceans.
Divide the class into small groups and distribute blank outline maps of the world. Invite a volunteer to point out the Equatorial Pacific. Then have students use NOAA's El Niño Page and the blank maps to illustrate the patterns of El Niño and La Niña in the world's oceans. Have them use different colors to represent warmer and cooler water, and arrows to represent the direction the water is moving.

4. Have a whole-class discussion about the benefits of accurately predicting the next El Niño or La Niña.
Have students look at NOAA's El Niño page to see when the next predicted El Niño or La Niña will occur. Explain to students that scientists currently use a variety of tools-such as satellites and buoys-to monitor changes in the Pacific Ocean. Ask: How could accurate forecasts of a future El Niño or La Niña benefit people? (There would be less damage due to natural disasters with advance warning. Farmers could plan crops based on expected weather conditions. Countries could conserve water and energy.)

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The Ocean and Weather: El Niño and La Niña

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1. Introduce El Niño and have students brainstorm possible effects. Explain to students that El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean surface temperatures. Ask students to brainstorm what negative effects they think would be likely to accompany the rise in temperature, including any global natural disasters.