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After reading and learning about different cultures and how they practice body modifications throughout different areas of the world, I find that even in North America we practice some of these right here within our communities. Any time we pierce our bodies or tattoo or change something about ourselves we act in manipulation of the body.

I do find the neck stretching and the scarification the more beautiful traditions. It is interesting to see what their idea of beauty is and  how the women look within those communities. The neck stretching, give the appearance of elongation which is beautiful. The brass rings they use makes it beautiful as well.I find the scarification  beautiful as it creates a different look for everyone. The scars that rise after the cuts heal create a  texture and adds to the peoples natural beauty.

I believe that in some way we all uniform to different forms of beauty. We are North Americans I find are more safe with their expressions but still we all strive to be part of what is going on and excepted by those around us. These women in these cultures create their own sense of beauty .

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In Thailand  people gather yearly for the Vegetarian Festival, in which is a deeply rooted religious gathering. People that participate in this festival  participate in the act of self mutilation where the skewer their tongues and cheeks with spears, steel rods. The mutilation can be very drastic. This act of participation is  driven by the want to be accepted and a sacrifice to their god.

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The tribe is located in Kenya. The people of this tribe believe that the practice of ear stretching to enhance their beauty. The stretching process happens by adding weights to the ear lobes or adding tusk, stone or wood. They would start with smaller weights and wood pieces and add to it over time to increase the length of the lobe. Jewelry is then added to the lob to enhance the beauty of the stretched lobe. The elders in the tribe had longer lobes which was a sign of age and wisdom.

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The women in this tribe are forced to have their teeth sharpened with a knife or chisel. They are filed because the teeth are a sign of jealousy, anger and other negative emotions. This practice is done as a right of passage for young adolescence to transfer to womanhood. It is

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The women of this tribe are most famous for their brass coils that wrap around their neck. They are often referred to as 'giraffe women'. The women can wear up to 25 coils on their necks. This practice begins at the early age of 5. The coils added to the young girls weigh up to 4.5 pounds. As they age more coils are added. Many people believe that this practice elongates the neck, but in reality the coils press down on the clavicle, which lowers it. Each coil that is added adds more pressure which then further presses it don compressing the rib cage. The shoulders fall away from the neck creating the appearance of an elongated neck.

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Scarification is practiced all over the world but is heavily practiced by the Sepik River Tribe in Papua New Guinea. Scarification is a practice done as a beauty enhancement, rite of passage and is a mark of social status. The elders in the tribe use blades to cut the young men. The patterns of the cuts then resemble an alligators skin. This tribe believes that the alligator will consume any trace of the boyhood left in their bodies, this will then turn them into men.

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The nose plugs worn by the women in the Apatani Tribe are not a modification used for beauty but to make the women less attractive. This happens to certain woman as they are considered the most beautiful women  within the tribe. This modification was done to these women to protect them from invaders from other tribes.

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The body modification of the women in Southern Ethiopia is lip stretching. The women insert plates into their lips as an expression of social adulthood and reproductive potential. This tradition starts when the young women hit the age of 15 or 16. The larger the plate the more cattle the woman will be worth when she is to be married. When the young men battle one another for the prize of marriage the winner is carried to the women alongside the arena and they then decide whom will ask the man for his hand in marriage. This is interesting as typically it is the male that asks for the women's hand.

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Hand-poked tattoos is the name of the practice that occurred before technology allowed for this practice to be done in an easier way. This method is used in tribes by grouping needles to the end of a stick and then are poked into the skin from close quarters to transfer the ink into the skin.

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URLhttps://medium.com/@nitinbhatt/16-most-extreme-cultural-body-modifications-in-the-world-f996b311036d

Website TitleMedium

Article Title16 Most Extreme Cultural Body Modifications In The World

Date PublishedMarch 09, 2017

URLhttps://psmag.com/social-justice/purity-and-self-mutilation-in-thailand-phuket-vegetarian-festival-93416

Website TitlePacific Standard

Article TitlePurity and Self-Mutilation in Thailand

Date PublishedOctober 29, 2014

URLhttps://www.tattoodo.com/a/2015/04/7-most-extreme-tribal-body-modifications/

Website TitleTattoodo

Article Title7 Most Extreme Tribal Body Modifications

Date PublishedApril 09, 2015