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John Galt was in charge of the Eastern State Insane Asylum as the superintendent. Galt altered the way asylums worked by introducing Moral Management and Talk Therapy. He was one of the few people in America who did not use restraints often. Even going an entire year without them. He was also the first to recommend de-institutionalization. Nobody agreed to what Galt said, the Hospital's Court of Directors prevented him to accomplish his plans to de-institutionalization his patients three times. This was most likely a factor of why Galt later succumbed to depression and committed suicide five years later in 1862. During his period of time working at the insane asylum he had gotten the opportunity to meet Dix and work with her in reforming patients.

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Dorothea Dix was a movement leader with the Prison reform. She helped create asylums and also dozens of new prison institutions. She was inspired to change the system when she saw a prison. They were unhygienic and unfair. In most prisons mentally ill people were with violent criminals. After she wrote a book about her first hand experiences, people were left shocked and this helped push for the prison reform.

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- Prisoners were often cramped into small cells.
- People were incarcerated for crimes - ranging from murder, to spitting on the street.
- Prisoners were often chained to walls with no clothes or heat.
- There were no designated areas for certain criminals, meaning a prisoner with debt charges could be in a cell with a serial killer.
- Punishments were often used such as the treadmills, in which prisoners would run along steps on a cast iron wheels, climbing thousands of feet for hours with no breaks.
- No specific institutions were set up for certain groups of people, meaning men, women, children, mentally insane, and serious criminals were placed in the same building.

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The term cruel and unusual punishment is the reason why the prison reform was sparked because when Dorothea saw how the prison system was ran it was obvious that the 8th amendment was being ignored. They had punishments like publicly shamed, branded for their crime, shoved into small cells, and sometimes

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Children in this time were in jails at with adults and didn´t have their own places to go. This brought up the need and want for Juvenile Correction Centers to pop up around the US, so that children didn´t have to be in normal prisons.

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Below is a document from the New York Times published in 1880 that an asylum patient wrote about his experience in the asylum.

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This prison was one of the first reformed prisons in the 1800's. It promoted separate incarceration and focused on reform rather than punishment. The prison had a church, library, and healthcare for prisoners. It set the stage for other prisons in the United States and around the world to change their ways and treat prisoners more humanely.

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Well known unitarian who spent a majority of his life working with movements such as the prison reform, humane treatment of the mentally ill, lipreading for deaf people, and anti-slavery efforts.

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How the US Prison System affected other nations

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How the US Prison System affected other nations

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The US Prison system became more reformed and better as time went on, to the point that many other nations, such as England, would come over just to see what the prison system was like over in America, so that they may take some ideas and inspirations from it and improve their own prison systems.