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The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity.

Treatments include birth control pills to regularize periods, a medication called metformin to prevent diabetes, statins to control high cholesterol, hormones to increase fertility, and procedures to remove excess hair.

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With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

Treatments include diet, exercise, medication, and insulin therapy.

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It typically appears in adolescence.

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Treatment aims at maintaining normal blood sugar levels through regular monitoring, insulin therapy, diet, and exercise.

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Hyperthyroidism(overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the elderly often experience no symptoms.Treatments include radioactive iodine, medications, and sometimes surgery.

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Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism means that the thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body running normally. People are hypothyroid if they have too little thyroid hormone in the blood.Major symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, and unexplained weight gain.Treatment consists of thyroid hormone replacement.

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A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. Not all goiters cause symptoms. Symptoms that do occur might include swelling, and cough. Rarely, symptoms may include throat tightness or trouble breathing.

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The cause of thyroid cancer is poorly understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Some people have no symptoms. Others may notice a lump in the neck.

Treatments, which are usually successful, include surgery, hormone therapy, radioactive iodine, radiation, and in some cases chemotherapy.

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A prolactinoma is a benign tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces a hormone called prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma are too much prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia), or those caused by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues. Treatments include medications, surgery, and radiation.

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A common cause of dwarfism is a genetic mutation that affects bone growth.

Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of four feet 10 inches or less. The average adult height in dwarfism is four feet. Common complications include bowing of the legs, hunching of the back, and crowded teeth.

Treatments are aimed at reducing complications. Surgery may help stabilize and correct the shape of the spine. Hormone therapy may increase final height in some cases.

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Gigantism is a rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children. This change is most notable in terms of height, but girth is affected as well. It occurs when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin. Other causes include: Genetic disease that affects the skin color (pigmentation) and causes benign tumors of the skin, heart, and endocrine (hormone) system (Carney complex).

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. It is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies directed against the thyroid gland lead to chronic inflammation.Symptoms include fatigue and unexplained weight gain.

Treatment with synthetic hormone medications is usually effective.

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Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck.Symptoms include anxiety, hand tremor, heat sensitivity, weight loss, puffy eyes and enlarged thyroid.

Treatment includes medications. Sometimes the thyroid is removed.

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A pituitary gland tumor (pituitary adenoma). A noncancerous(benign) tumor of the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, secretes an excess amount of ACTH, which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to make more cortisol. When this form of the syndrome develops, it's called Cushing disease. Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks.Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation, and medication.

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Addison's disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. Addison's disease is caused by an autoimmune response, in which the body's immune system assaults its own organs and tissues. When the body is under stress, this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening Addisonian crisis characterized by low blood pressure.