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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.

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Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

Treatments include diet, exercise, medication, and insulin therapy.

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Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus in which very little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The classic symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss

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Hyperthyroidism is the production of too much thyroxine hormone. It can increase metabolism.

Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the elderly often experience no symptoms.

Treatments include radioactive iodine, medications, and sometimes surgery

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Hypothyroidism's deficiency of thyroid hormones can disrupt such things as heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism. Hypothyroidism is most prevalent in older women.

Major symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, and unexplained weight gain.

Treatment consists of thyroid hormone replacement.

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A goiter (GOI-tur) is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe

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The cause of thyroid cancer is poorly understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Some people have no symptoms. Others may notice a lump in the neck.

Treatments, which are usually successful, include surgery, hormone therapy, radioactive iodine, radiation, and in some cases chemotherapy.

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The hormone-producing gland in the brain (pituitary gland) overproduces prolactin, decreasing the levels of some sex hormones. It's caused by a noncancerous tumor on the gland.

Common symptoms include breast discharge and irregular menstrual periods in women. Men may experience decreased sexual desire and breast enlargement. Prolactinoma can cause impaired vision and infertility.

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A common cause of dwarfism is a genetic mutation that affects bone growth.

Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of four feet 10 inches or less. The average adult height in dwarfism is four feet. Common complications include bowing of the legs, hunching of the back, and crowded teeth.

Treatments are aimed at reducing complications. Surgery may help stabilize and correct the shape of the spine. Hormone therapy may increase final height in some cases.

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Gigantism is a rare condition that causes abnormal growth in children. This change is most notable in terms of height, but girth is affected as well. It occurs when your child's pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.

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Initially, inflammation of the thyroid causes a leak resulting in excess thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Over time, the inflammation prevents the thyroid from producing enough hormones (hypothyroidism).

Symptoms include fatigue and unexplained weight gain.

Treatment with synthetic hormone medications is usually effective.

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck.Treatment includes medications. Sometimes the thyroid is removed.

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The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.

Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks.

Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation, and medication.

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Specifically, the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone, too. When the body is under stress (e.g. fighting an infection), this deficiency of cortisol can result in a life threatening Addisonian crisis characterized by low blood pressure.

Symptoms tend to be non-specific and include fatigue, nausea, darkening of the skin, and dizziness upon standing.

Treatment involves taking hormones to replace those not produced by the adrenal glands.