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21. Think of Goldilocks and the three Bears again. How would you charaterize the weather patterns of the United States

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21. Think of Goldilocks and the three Bears again. How would you charaterize the weather patterns of the United States

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When the heat waves, droughts, wildfires and deluges come — as they seem to with increasing regularity these days — the question inevitably arises: Did climate change play a role?

The answer scientists gave for years was that greenhouse gases created by humans likely contributed to extreme weather, but it was hard to definitively tie the warming atmosphere to any single episode.

But that cautious approach, repeated in thousands of news reports for more than a decade, has been changing in recent months. Now, scientists say that they will increasingly be able to link extreme weather events to human-caused global warming and to make such determinations quickly, sometimes within days.

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20. How do El Nino weather patterns influence climate?

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20. How do El Nino weather patterns influence climate?

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El Niño is the periodic warming of water in the Pacific Ocean every few years. When it occurs, it means more energy is available for storms to form there. El Niño also affects wind shear, which is when air currents at a lower altitude blow in a different direction from winds higher in the atmosphere.

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19. Clouds are considered a greenhouse gas. How can cloud coverage both complicate the heating of Earth and also help alleviate the heating of Earth? 

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19. Clouds are considered a greenhouse gas. How can cloud coverage both complicate the heating of Earth and also help alleviate the heating of Earth? 

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18. How does carbon dioxide trap infrared radiation on Earth?

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18. How does carbon dioxide trap infrared radiation on Earth?

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The energy from the photon causes the CO₂ molecule to vibrate. Shortly thereafter, the molecule gives up this extra energy by emitting another infrared photon. Once the extra energy has been removed by the emitted photon, the carbon dioxide stops vibrating.

This ability to absorb and re-emit infrared energy is what makes CO₂an effective heat-trapping greenhouse gas. Not all gas molecules are able to absorb IR radiation. For example, nitrogen (N₂) and oxygen (O₂), which make up more than 90% of Earth's atmosphere, do not absorb infrared photons. CO₂ molecules can vibrate in ways that simpler nitrogen and oxygen molecules cannot, which allows CO₂ molecules to capture the IR photons.

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17. Why is there less heat escaping into space?

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17. Why is there less heat escaping into space?

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This amplification and spreading of the warming also works in reverse when the planet enters into an ice age. A new paper published over the last week uses ocean sediments to construct a temperature record over the past 2.7 million years (Herbert et al 2010). They find that when ice sheets spread in the Northern Hemisphere, this cools the northern oceans. The result is the oceans absorb more CO2, leading to a dramatic drop in atmospheric CO2. This amplifies the cooling and spreads it across the globe.

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16. What are sea surface temperatures (SST)? Think of Goldilocks and the Three Bears...are SSTs too hot, too cold, or are they just right? Explain

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16. What are sea surface temperatures (SST)? Think of Goldilocks and the Three Bears...are SSTs too hot, too cold, or are they just right? Explain

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15. What is ocean acidification? How has this influenced our oceans over the last hundred years

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15. What is ocean acidification? How has this influenced our oceans over the last hundred years

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When CO₂ is absorbed by seawater, a series of chemical reactions occur resulting in the increased concentration of hydrogen ions. This increase causes the seawater to become more acidic and causes carbonate ions to be relatively less abundant.

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14. If the glaicers melt, where does most of that liquid (freshwater) go? (is the ocean water drinkable? Can ocean water be used to irrigate for seven billion earthlings?)

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14. If the glaicers melt, where does most of that liquid (freshwater) go? (is the ocean water drinkable? Can ocean water be used to irrigate for seven billion earthlings?)

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If the glaciers elt then all of the liquid goes into the Seawater which contains salt. When humans drink seawater, their cells are thus taking in water and salt. While humans can safely ingest small amounts of salt, the salt content in seawater is much higher than what can be processed by the human body. Additionally, when we consume salt as part of our daily diets, we also drink liquids, which help to dilute the salt and keep it at a healthy level. Living cells do depend on sodium chloride (salt) to maintain the body’s chemical balances and reactions; however, too much sodium is deadly.

So no salt water is not drinkable due to the enormous amount of salt in the water. Which means that if itś not good for humans then it probably isn´t good for plants unless a person can extract the salt from the water. however some fish also require salt water inorder to survive.
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/drinksw.html

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13. How have sea levels fluctuated over the last several thousand years? Is this driven by natural crcumstances or is this caused by human influence. 

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13. How have sea levels fluctuated over the last several thousand years? Is this driven by natural crcumstances or is this caused by human influence. 

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¨ Locally, sea level may change if tectonic
forces cause the land to move up or down.¨
In my opinion i do not believe that humans are the cause of sea levels rising. I think that it is natural and that it is just due to tectonic forces.
http://curry.eas.gatech.edu/Courses/6140/ency/Chapter10/Ency_Oceans/Sea_Level_Variations.pdf

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12. What can ice cores tell us about the history of Earthś climate over time? How far back in time can ice cores provide information?

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12. What can ice cores tell us about the history of Earthś climate over time? How far back in time can ice cores provide information?

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¨Like a prehistoric fly trapped in amber during dinosaurs' days, airborne relics of Earth's earlier climate—including dust, air bubbles, sea salts, volcanic ash, and soot from forest fires—can end up trapped in glacial ice for eons. To climate scientists, those relics tell a story about how our planet's climate and atmosphere have changed over thousands of years.¨
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-tech/climate-core-how-scientists-study-ice-cores-reveal-earth%E2%80%99s-climate

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11. Find a graphic of human influenced carbon dioxide emissions and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Do the graphs you found look like hockey sticks? Explain.

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11. Find a graphic of human influenced carbon dioxide emissions and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Do the graphs you found look like hockey sticks? Explain.

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No because the curve and the length of the graph is to much for a hockey stick.
http://www.easterbrook.ca/steve/wp-content/Pop-vs-emissions.pdf

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10. How does an increasing consumption of and demand for fish in a humans diet relate to carbon emissions?

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10. How does an increasing consumption of and demand for fish in a humans diet relate to carbon emissions?

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¨In assessing the carbon emissions at every stage of the seafood journey from the ocean to the dinner plate, researchers have previously found that seafood products can have extremely large carbon footprints – up to 14 times the product's own weight.¨
"In addition to fuel use in fishing – which often requires travel to the farthest reaches of the oceans – the seafood industry's carbon footprint is also the result of the energy inputs resulting from the large amounts of feed required to support fish growth in aquaculture. Of course, another key input to seafood carbon emissions is the refrigeration required at all stages of the seafood journey."

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2015-04-fishes-large-carbon-footprints-seafood.html#jCp

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2015-04-fishes-large-carbon-footprints-seafood.html#jCp

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9. How does an increasing consumption of and demand for meat in a humanś diet relate to carbon emissions?

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9. How does an increasing consumption of and demand for meat in a humanś diet relate to carbon emissions?

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When compared to staples like potatoes, wheat, and rice, the impact of beef per calorie is even more extreme, requiring 160 times more land and producing 11 times more greenhouse gases.
http://www.greeneatz.com/foods-carbon-footprint.html

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8. Does the gasoline that most cars need to operate and function contribute to earthś greenhouse effect?

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8. Does the gasoline that most cars need to operate and function contribute to earthś greenhouse effect?

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¨According to the Department of Energy, diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles produced 1,511 million metric tons of CO2 in 2012, about 29 percent of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the US. The combustion process that powers most cars generates CO2, which most climate scientists believe is a major cause of global warming.¨
https://education.seattlepi.com/release-car-exhaust-fumes-cause-global-warming-3682.html

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7. Letś ay after college you return to Lisle permanently for the rest of your life. We live in close proximity to the great lakes. In 50 years, would we be fleeing our area or accepting environmental refugees into our area? explain.

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7. Letś ay after college you return to Lisle permanently for the rest of your life. We live in close proximity to the great lakes. In 50 years, would we be fleeing our area or accepting environmental refugees into our area? explain.

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I think that water levels in illinois would remain safe for settlement so i don think there would be people fleeing illinois unless it was due to taxes or if hurricanes started getting large enough to reach illinois, or if Tornadoes started happening very frequently, however i don think very many refugees woulld be fleeing to illinois for refuge due to high taxes. Unless they think that they could start a new life, or if they have family members who would be very welcoming to them.

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6. What is an environmental refugee? What placesnwill people flee from? Where will they go?

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6. What is an environmental refugee? What placesnwill people flee from? Where will they go?

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¨The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) defines environmental refugees as “those people who have been forced to leave their traditional habitat, temporarily or permanently, because of a marked environmental disruption (natural and/or triggered by people) that jeopardized their existence and/ or seriously affected the quality of their life.” According to the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), an environmental refugee is a person displaced owing to environmental causes, notably land loss and degradation, and natural disaster.¨
People would flee from places where there is a fire happening, weather related, They would flee away from the problems.
https://www.thoughtco.com/environmental-refugees-overview-1434944

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5. Are increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere safe for human existance?

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5. Are increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere safe for human existance?

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In order for the atmosphere of earth to becomes unsafe for human life it would take a very very long time for that to happen.

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1. Why do people believe global warming is occuring on Earth?

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1. Why do people believe global warming is occuring on Earth?

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¨The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.¨
¨Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010. Not only was 2016 the warmest year on record, but eight of the 12 months that make up the year — from January through September, with the exception of June — were the warmest on record for those respective months.¨
¨The oceans have absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700 meters (about 2,300 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than 0.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.¨

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2. Why are some people skeptical of global warming?

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2. Why are some people skeptical of global warming?

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¨Anti-global warming skeptics say the placement of some weather stations in urban areas may produce inaccurate measurements. According to them, the data are being corrupted by the urban heat island, an effect produced by cities' transportation, large amounts of heat-absorbing asphalt, and high concentrations of carbon dioxide coming from the many homes and businesses in high-population areas.¨
¨Global warming skeptics also believe the models used to predict Earth's future under global warming are unreliable.¨

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3. Where is the fastest warming of Earths atmosphere occuring?

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3. Where is the fastest warming of Earths atmosphere occuring?

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¨The poles are warming faster than other parts of the Earth.¨

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4. Compare global population numbers with rising carbon dioxide levels. Are they related? Explain.

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4. Compare global population numbers with rising carbon dioxide levels. Are they related? Explain.

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Due to the growing population the CO2 emissions increase. This is likley due to carbon dioxide emissions, or the greenhouse effect.