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Earthquakes as a result of volcanic eruptions

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Earthquakes as a result of volcanic eruptions

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Hawaii’s Mauna Loa lava flows now ‘appear to be inactive’ after fountains of glowing rock left many in awe | CNN

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After erupting for the first time in nearly 40 years, lava flows from Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano now “appear to be inactive,” the US Geological Survey said Monday.

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HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - Kilauea volcano's summit eruption has paused, the USGS says.

Officials said since the eruption started on Sept. 29, 2021, more than 29 billion gallons of lava has spewed out into the summit's Halemaumau Crater ― raising the floor by about 469 feet.

"Over the last 24 hours, the lava lake has remained completely crusted over and no incandescence was visible," Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists said, in their latest update. "Time lapse camera images show that floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater over the past week show weak deflation and no inflation."

Volcanic tremors are also weak to nonexistent, according to USGS.

The announcement comes as the eruption at Mauna Loa also appears to be waning.

The U.S. Geological Survey said it's not completely clear whether there's any link between the Kilauea pause and the Mauna Loa slowdown.

"We know that the two volcanoes are independent to great depths. This is indicated by subtle differences in the chemistry of the lava that erupts. So on a large scale, the volcanoes act independently," USGS said.

"But we have also seen subtle correlations in their behavior in the past. Times when both started to inflate at roughly the same time, for example. It may be that Mauna Loa's eruption depressurized the deep magma system beneath the island just enough to cause Kilauea's eruption to pause ― something that would only be possible because Kilauea's eruption was sort of tenuous to begin with.

"But it's also possible that it is simply a coincidence. This will definitely be a source of a lot of future investigation, since it is a surprising and thought-provoking correlation."
This story will be updated.

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28 billion gallons of lava later, Kilauea eruption at summit crater is on pause

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HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - Kilauea volcano's summit eruption has paused, the USGS says. Officials said since the eruption started on Sept. 29, 2021, more than 29 billion gallons of lava has spewed out into the summit's Halemaumau Crater ― raising the floor by about 469 feet.

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What is Ring of Fire

Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is an area around the Pacific Ocean where 70% of the volcanoes are located and 90% of the earthquakes occur. Subduction zones have formed where the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath continental and younger ocean plates.

Dormant and active volcanoes on Ring of Fire
There are 450 either dormant or active volcanoes along the Ring of Fire. The two largest earthquakes ever recorded occurred on the Ring of Fire in 1960 and 1964.

Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean UPSC -IAS

Novarupta-Katmai eruption

Mount Pinatubo eruption

The Ring of Fire is home to 452 volcanoes and 90% of the earthquakes occur on the Ring of Fire. Chapters in our book include information about deadly pyroclastic flows and lahars caused by volcanoes in and around the Pacific Ocean . Myrna
Click for More Information and to Order
1960 Chile Earthquake and tsunami

1964 Alaska earthquake and tsunami

The earthquake originated in the Prince William Sound. Subsidence and uplift affected the land from the Prince William Sound to Kodiak Island. The Pacific Plate moved underneath the North American Plate an average of 9 m during the earthquake.

KIDS FUN Science Bookstore

Check out Myrna Martin's award winning textbooks, e-books, videos and rock sets. The Kids Fun Science Bookstore covers a wide range of earth science topics. Click here to browse.

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What is Ring of Fire Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is an area around the Pacific Ocean where 70% of the volcanoes are located and 90% of the earthquakes occur. Subduction zones have formed where the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath continental and younger ocean plates.

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This Webby award-winning video collection exists to help teachers, librarians, and families spark kid wonder and curiosity. TKSST features smarter, more meaningful content than what's usually served up by YouTube's algorithms, and amplifies the creators who make that content.

Curated, kid-friendly, independently-published. Support this mission by becoming a sustaining member today.

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When a volcano erupts underwater | The Kid Should See This

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This Webby award-winning video collection exists to help teachers, librarians, and families spark kid wonder and curiosity. TKSST features smarter, more meaningful content than what's usually served up by YouTube's algorithms, and amplifies the creators who make that content. Curated, kid-friendly, independently-published. Support this mission by becoming a sustaining member today.

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Native Hawaiians find a spiritual connection to Mauna Loa eruption: ‘Our deities are alive and well’

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To Native Hawaiians, Mauna Loa’s latest eruption offers a moment to connect to their culture and honor the goddess Pele.

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The volcano of Parícutin revealed itself in 1942 with a crack in the ground, "a kind of fissure that had a depth of only half a meter." Standing on his cornfield in February of that year, Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido witnessed the birth of one of the youngest volcanoes on the planet.

"I felt a thunder, the trees trembled, and I turned to speak to Paula; and it was then I saw how, in the hole, the ground swelled and raised itself 2 or 2.5 meters high, and a kind of smoke or fine dust - grey, like ashes - began to rise up in a portion of the crack that I had not previously seen . . . Immediately more smoke began to rise with a hiss or whistle, loud and continuous; and there was a smell of sulfur."

The Parícutin rose a lot in the first year and continued to grow for another nine years "when the eruption ceased as suddenly as it started." But what caused it erupt in the first place? What makes volcanoes erupt?

Cabong Studios animated this TED-Ed video by Steven Anderson, a lesson that explores the variety of conditions that trigger volcanic eruptions around the world.

Follow this with these volcano videos:
* What is a volcano?
* Volcanic Eruptions 101: How It Happens
* Time lapse eruption videos of Chile's Calbuco Volcano
* When a volcano erupts underwater
* Flying drones over the lava lake at Ambrym's Marum Crater
* Molten lava heads 2-miles to the ocean
* How USGS scientists monitor Kilauea Volcano's ongoing eruption

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What makes volcanoes erupt? | The Kid Should See This

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The volcano of Parícutin revealed itself in 1942 with a crack in the ground, "a kind of fissure that had a depth of only half a meter." Standing on his cornfield in February of that year, Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido witnessed the birth of one of the youngest volcanoes on the planet.

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Stop! The ground is hot ! Have you ever shouted those words on the playground? Many kids love to pretend that the ground is covered in hot , forcing them to hop around or swing through the air on the monkey bars to avoid a certain death from falling into the .

While it's fun to pretend, real hot is fairly easy to avoid, since it usually moves quite slowly. It is very hot, though. If you were to fall into hot , it would not be a pleasant experience. Your skin would be melted and burned by that can approach temperatures well over 2,000º F!

is molten . It is created deep beneath Earth's surface (often 100 miles or more underground), where temperatures get hot enough to . Scientists call this molten when it's underground.

Eventually, some makes its way to Earth's surface and escapes via a volcanic eruption. When erupts onto Earth's surface and begins to , scientists then call it . Explosive eruptions can throw great distances. Most eruptions, however, create slow-moving flows that might cover only a few yards per minute at the most.

Deep below Earth's surface, the most common type of produced is . makes up much of the ocean floor, and it's also the substance most often seen when Hawaiian volcanoes . When it reaches Earth's surface, it erupts as basaltic .

If you were a in a cartoon and you wanted to take over the world, hot might be a good weapon to have in your . However, it can be very difficult to the power of a . Is there any way that you could create your own ?

It's not like you could throw some rocks in your and them into . The in your kitchen at home simply doesn't produce enough heat. Of course, if you were a in a cartoon, you might have lasers or some other trick up your sleeve.

Though it might sound far-fetched, humans have actually made their own without the assistance of a . Scientists and students at Syracuse University, who are part of the Syracuse University Project (and NOT villains of any sort!), have successfully used industrial furnaces to chunks of crushed from Wisconsin to create their own !

Once created, the is poured onto a thick slab of solid ice to create a up to a few yards long. Faculty, students, and even interested members of the public are invited to enjoy the up close.

The main goal of making the is to conduct scientific experiments to study basaltic . Usually, scientists can only eruptions, which happen only occasionally and usually without warning. Creating allows them to conduct controlled experiments like never before.

In between experiments, however, kids are often allowed to roast hot dogs and marshmallows over the hot . Beyond the scientific purposes of the , art students have also been allowed to use molds to create fascinating sculptures.

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Today's Wonder of the Day is too hot to handle!

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On the Big Island of Hawaii, Kilauea Volcano continues to erupt. For U.S. Geological Survey scientists like volcanologist Dr. Alexa Van Eaton, the event is potentially a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to learn as much as we can about how the shield volcano's fissures, fountains, and lava flows might behave. In the USGS video above, Van Eaton explains what they're watching for as they monitor along the volcano's lower East Rift Zone. From NPR:

"Every volcano is different," says Kyle Anderson, a geophysicist with USGS. "But the physics are the same, so to the extent that we can better understand the driving processes and the mechanisms, I think we can transfer that globally..."

Kilauea was already one of the most studied volcanoes in the world. It has been erupting for 30-some years. But the eruptions were steady, and geophysicists like Anderson started to feel as though they had learned much of what they could learn from them.

"This enormous [change] to the system gives us an unbelievable opportunity to get to understand things I don't think we would have realized otherwise," he says.

USGS-HVO geologist Matt Patrick talks about what it's like to monitor the ongoing activity in the video below. He's a part of a 24-hour watch to record data that can help inform scientists around the world, as well as keeping the local public safe and informed.

Some of the fountains are bursting up to 48 to 61 meters (160 to 200 feet) high. See where the activity is centered in this @USGSVolcanoes tweet:

Lava from fissure 8 feeds multiple flow lobes slowly moving downhill; fissure 18 flows slowing. See fissures and flow map for Kīlauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. https://t.co/1ONKajrBFn pic.twitter.com/x4xhlnEEBu

- USGS Volcanoes? (@USGSVolcanoes) May 31, 2018

Plus, see more activity from the area in the three USGS videos below, including blue burning flame of methane gas, some before and after lava fountain footage, and more flights over the fissures.

Related reading: Kilauea Lava Fields Offer Scientists a Portal to Mars.

Related watching: Kilauea - The Fire Within and NYT's Living with Lava. Plus: Building a Volcano-bot, molten lava heads 2-miles to the ocean, and when a volcano erupts underwater.

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How USGS scientists monitor Kilauea Volcano's ongoing eruptions | The Kid Should See This

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On the Big Island of Hawaii, Kilauea Volcano continues to erupt. For U.S. Geological Survey scientists like volcanologist Dr. Alexa Van Eaton, the event is potentially a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to learn as much as we can about how the shield volcano's fissures, fountains, and lava flows might behave.

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How do volcanos work? From explosive eruptions to creeping lava flows, this NYT video explains the anatomy of a volcano, and how the unseen underground variables can make it difficult to know how a volcano might behave:

"Volcanoes are really difficult to predict because they are so nonlinear," said Pall Einarsson, a geophysicist at the University of Iceland. "They can suddenly decide to do something very different."

Dr. Einarsson studies the earthquakes that usually accompany volcanic activity, caused by hot rock, or magma, rising within the earth and creating stresses and fractures. Seismic monitoring is essential for helping to determine if and when an eruption will occur and how it will proceed, but scientists also study the deformation of a volcano's surface - a sign of increasing pressure within - using G.P.S. units and satellite-based radar, and they also monitor gases and other indicators like the melting of snow or ice.

"Ideally it's a nice combination of data from many disciplines," said Stephanie Prejean, a research geophysicist with the United States Geological Survey at the Alaska Volcano Observatory. "And it's easiest if the things are all escalating together, and escalating dramatically."

For a variation on this lesson, check out Twig World Films' What is a Volcano?

Watch more stunning volcano videos: When a volcano erupts underwater, Eruption at Iceland's Bardabunga Volcano, and After Royal Gardens: molten lava heads 2-miles to the ocean.

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Volcanic Eruptions 101: How It Happens | The Kid Should See This

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How do volcanos work? From explosive eruptions to creeping lava flows, this NYT video explains the anatomy of a volcano, and how the unseen underground variables can make it difficult to know how a volcano might behave: "Volcanoes are really difficult to predict because they are so nonlinear," said Pall Einarsson, a geophysicist at the University of Iceland.

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Have you ever seen a explode? If so, we hope you weren't anywhere near it! Volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic events that cover the landscape for miles in hot and . If you're like most people, you've probably only seen video of previous volcanic eruptions.

If you had the chance to explore the inside of a , would you do it? What do you think you'd find? Not all volcanoes are active. In fact, most of them are and present no particular danger of eruption anytime in the near future.

Seismologists and other scientists often study these volcanoes in order to learn more about how they work. For example, scientists in Iceland have descended into the of some volcanoes to explore their chambers to see what they're made of and how they contributed to past eruptions.

When escapes through a onto Earth's surface, scientists call it . When it cools enough to turn back into a , scientists call it . When it's under Earth's surface, it exists as a dynamic, substance that ranges in temperature from approximately 1,300º F to almost 2,400º F.

tends to be less dense than the layers of it forms in. As a result, it moves upward toward Earth's surface via any path it can find. When it reaches an area where layers don't allow an upward path, it will collect in a large pool that scientists call a .

Many chambers exist deep under Earth's surface, making them extremely hard to detect. Most of the chambers scientists have identified are very close to Earth's surface. For example, chambers under active volcanoes might be as close as 1-5 miles below Earth's surface. While this sounds very deep, it's extremely close in geological terms, especially when you think about the distance to Earth's core.

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Have you ever seen a explode? If so, we hope you weren't anywhere near it! Volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic events that cover the landscape for miles in hot and . If you're like most people, you've probably only seen video of previous volcanic eruptions.

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Volcanoes are like huge valves that from deep inside Earth. When they , they remind us of how the forces are that continually reshape Earth.

Deep inside Earth (90 miles or more), temperatures get hot enough to melt rock. This rock is called . When it , it begins to float toward the surface of Earth.

If it breaks through Earth's surface, it is then called lava. Although lava can be into the air through a volcanic eruption, it's more common for lava to flow from a through cracks called fissures.

Lava is made up of mostly silicon and oxygen. As lava escapes and travels before cooling, it often mixes with other elements, such as iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium.

When lava first breaks through Earth's surface, it is an hot . On average, fresh lava can be between 1,300° F and 2,200° F (700° and 1,200° C)! Depending on its exact temperature , fresh lava usually glows either orange/red (cooler) or white (hotter).

Eventually, lava cools and returns to solid rock again. However, some forms of lava can flow great distances before cooling enough to . The word lava comes from the Italian word for "stream."

Although popular movies may make you worry about the deadly power of lava flows, they usually move slowly enough to give people plenty of time to get out of the way. It's for anyone to die as a direct result of a lava flow, but it can be to land and property in its path.

Active lava flows at volcanoes might move several feet per minute when hot. As the lava flows cool, they slow down to a rate of only a few feet per day.

Geologists in Hawaii keep a close watch on active lava flows. They use handheld global positioning system (GPS) receivers to map lava flows as accurately as possible.

The GPS receivers use radio waves from satellites orbiting Earth to pinpoint locations within 15 feet. In this way, geologists can monitor lava flows that may be advancing toward areas where people live.

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Volcanoes are like huge valves that from deep inside Earth. When they , they remind us of how the forces are that continually reshape Earth. Deep inside Earth (90 miles or more), temperatures get hot enough to melt rock. This rock is called . When it , it begins to float toward the surface of Earth.

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Hawaii's Kilauea volcano is still gushing lava and ash, weeks after violent eruptions began.

The volcano has technically been erupting since 1983, but this recent spate of dangerous eruptions has been escalating since May 3. The lava flows have severely damaged nearby residential neighborhoods and forced over 2,000 people to evacuate their homes. Many still can't access their properties as ash and lava continue to spread around the island.

Beyond the immediate fire danger from lava, high levels of sulfur dioxide spewing from the volcano pose a serious threat to children, elderly people, and people with respiratory issues, the United States Geological Survey said.

The ongoing eruptions have severely impacted Hawaii's tourism-driven economy and are transforming large swaths of the Big Island's normally lush landscape. Here's what it looks like on the ground:

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Lava is still tearing through Hawaii as the Kilauea volcano continues to erupt- here's what it looks like on the ground

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Hawaii's Kilauea volcano is still gushing lava and ash, weeks after violent eruptions began. The volcano has technically been erupting since 1983, but this recent spate of dangerous eruptions has been escalating since May 3. The lava flows have severely damaged nearby residential neighborhoods and forced over 2,000 people to evacuate their homes.