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A red/orange precipitate forms when Fehling's solution is warmed with an aldehyde but not with a ketone.
Solution contains: Cu2+
Cu²⁺ + e- --> Cu+
Cu₂O (red/orange ppt) is formed from Cu⁺ ions

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Two reagents may be used for testing:
1) Tollens' reagent. containing the complex ion [Ag(NH₃)₂]+
2) Fehling's solution, containing Cu²⁺ ions

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Ketones resist oxidation.
Aldehydes are easily oxidised.

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Reagents: Potassium dichromate (VI) solution (K₂Cr₂O7(aq))
Dilute Sufuric acid (H₂SO4(aq) )
Observations: Colour change from orange to green

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The removal of oxygen atoms or the addition of hydrogen atoms

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The addition of oxygen atoms or the removal or hydrogen atoms

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Primary alcohol --> Aldehyde --> Carboxylic Acid

Extract the aldehyde using distillation

Extract carboxylic acid using reflux

Secondary alcohol --> Ketone
Needs H₂SO4(aq) and K₂Cr₂O7(aq)