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In this period England was the world centre of finance and this condition brought prosperity and wealth to England. The progress reached improved Victorians lifestyle (the railway, the electricity, the photograph, the Penny Post etc). But there were bad aspects too; in fact industrialization brought hard living conditions: workers and their families had to live and work in unhealthy conditions.

So Victorian society was characterised by Utilitarianism, a social philosophy.

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The great events that characterized the reign of the queen victory were: industrial development, squalor, crime, health scarcity, poverty, child exploitation. In fact it could not be said that life in England was calm or happy, men suffered and there was a division among the inhabitants, almost like an antithesis: on the one hand the nobility that filled the pockets and on the other the people that he could not even eat.

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Charles Dickens is an english writer born in 1812 in Portsmouth. He become a journalist and a parliamentary reporter, while he was publishing his first novels. During his life he published 14 novels and left one unfinished. He founded and directed two
journals. He died in 1870. He is considered the greatest victorian writer because his works best reflects the complexity, excitement and disharmonies of the age.

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The novel reflects the economic insecurity and humiliation Dickens experienced as a child. Oliver Twist is a poor boy of unknown parents; he is brought up in a workhouse in an inhuman way. Because of the critical conditions in which he lived, Oliver ran away to London. there he joined a gang of little thieves but soon escaped and was taken care of by a respectable old man. oliver, very unlucky, one morning was kidnapped by the same gang because they feared he could tell the whole truth and only Nancy tried to help him, even losing his life. The gang of pickpockets and Oliver's half-brother are arrested in the end.

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in the Victorian age, abandoned children newly born or deprived of parents engaged in war or deaths were welcomed by charitable institutions and employed as labor-power to help support the family financially or to make a profit for the institute. Finally there were the children of the poorest social classes who, despite belonging to a complete family, were pushed (sometimes even sold) by their parents to work so as to bring a salary, even if miserable, at home.

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Robert Louis Stevenson was born in 1850. The impatience for his parent's religion led to painful clashes with his father. He began to suffer from a respiratory illness so he went in France, there he met Fanny Osburne, an American lady separated from her husband, and they married her. He wrote many works like Kidnapped, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide, The Master of Ballantrae, In the South Seas and Weir of Hermiston. He died in 1894.

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The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)

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The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)

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The book talks about Dr. Jekyll who studying the human psyche, creates a potion that can separate the two natures of the human soul, the good and the evil. His personality is divided into two parts and can’t revert. The bad side is called Edward Hyde, a strong and bad person that makes every iniquity. When Dr. Jekyll is transformed back, he can’t live like himself so orders his servant to obey Hyde. Later the bad part takes over and he committed suicide with poison to avoid being caught by the police.