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The Python Software Foundation (PSF) is a nonprofit organization devoted to the Python programming language , launched on March 6, 2001. The mission of the foundation is to foster development of the Python community and is responsible for various processes within the Python community, including developing the core Python distribution, managing intellectual rights developer conferences including PyCon, and raising funds. 

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Physical computing are interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them. While this definition is broad enough to encompass systems such as smart automotive traffic control systems or factory automation processes, it is not commonly used to describe them. In a broader sense, physical computing is a creative framework for understanding human beings' relationship to the digital world. In practical use, the term most often describes handmade art, design or DIY hobby projects that use sensors and microcontrollers to translate analog input to a software system, and/or control electro-mechanical devices such as motors, servos, lighting or other hardware.

Physical Computing intersects the range of activities often referred to in academia and industry as electrical engineering, mechatronics, robotics, computer science, and especially embedded development.

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An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with electrical elements, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components.

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Computer Science Education or Computing Education is the science and art of teaching and learning of computer science, computing and computational thinking. As a subdiscipline of pedagogy it also addresses the wider impact of computer science in society through its intersection with philosophy, psychology, and mathematics. In comparison to science education and mathematics education, computer science education is a much younger field. In the history of computing, digital computers were only built from around the 1940s – although computation has been around for centuries since the invention of analog computers. 
Another differentiator of computer science education is that it has primarily only been taught at university level until recently, with some notable exceptions in Israel, Poland and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Computer science has been a part of the school curricula from age 14 or age 16 in a few countries for a few decades, but has typically as an elective subject.

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Constructionist learning or pedagogy is when learners construct mental models to understand the world around them. Constructionism advocates student-centered, discovery learning where students use information they already know to acquire more knowledge. Students learn through participation in project-based learning where they make connections between different ideas and areas of knowledge facilitated by the teacher through coaching rather than using lectures or step-by-step guidance. Further, constructionism holds that learning can happen most effectively when people are active in making tangible objects in the real world. 
Constructionist learning involves students drawing their own conclusions through creative experimentation and the making of social objects. The constructionist teacher takes on a mediational role rather than adopting an instructional role. Teaching "at" students is replaced by assisting them to understand—and help one another to understand—problems in a hands-on way. The teacher's role is not to be a lecturer but a facilitator who coaches students to attaining their own goals.

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Content-addressable storage, also referred to as content-addressed storage  is a way to store information so it can be retrieved based on its content, not its location. It has been used for high-speed storage and retrieval of fixed content, such as documents stored for compliance with government regulations. 

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Block-based programming has a number of key features that make it distinct from conventional text-based programming and other visual programming approaches. Block-based programming uses a programming-primitive-as-puzzle-piece metaphor as a means of providing visual cues to the user as to how and where commands may be used written in Scratch. Block-based programming environments have been designed for children as young as five years old but most environments are designed for kids ages eight to 16. Writing a program in a block-based environment takes the form of dragging-and-dropping programming instructions together. If two instructions cannot be joined to produce a valid statement, then the environment prevents them from snapping together. In this way, block-based programming environments can prevent syntax errors while still retaining the practice of authoring programs by assembling statements one-by-one.

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An application programming interface (API) is a computing interface which defines interactions between multiple software intermediaries. It defines the kinds of calls or requests that can be made, how to make them, the data formats that should be used, the conventions to follow, etc. It can also provide extension mechanisms so that users can extend existing functionality in various ways and to varying degrees.[1] An API can be entirely custom, specific to a component, or it can be designed based on an industry standard to ensure interoperability. Some APIs have to be documented, others are designed so that they can be "interrogated" to determine supported functionality. Since other components/systems rely only on the API, the system that provides the API can (ideally) change its internal details "behind" that API without affecting its users.

Today, with the rise of REST and web services over HTTP, the term is often assumed to refer to APIs of such services when given no other context.

Sometimes the term API is, by extension, used to refer to the subset of software entities (code, subcomponents, modules, etc.) that serve to actually implement the API of some encompassing component or system.

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ASCII characterabbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, although they support many additional characters.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) prefers the name US-ASCII for this character encoding.
ASCII was developed from telegraph code. Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6, 1960, with the first meeting of the American Standards Association
The use of ASCII format for Network Interchange was described in 1969. That document was formally elevated to an Internet Standard in 2015.
Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety-five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete,although a few are still commonly used, such as the carriage return, line feed and tab codes.

The use of ASCII format for Network Interchange was described in 1969. That document was formally elevated to an Internet Standard in 2015.

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bluetooth low energy is becoming more and more interesting in the area of ​​the Internet of Things. To read the fitness tracker from a smartphone or to access the measured values ​​from various sensors from a Raspberry Pi. Communication between BLE devices can also be used under JavaScript via the Node.j modules bleno and noble.

In order to draw attention to themselves, peripherals broadcast a so-called advertising signal continuously or at a certain frequency
The information that is also sent usually contains the name of the peripheral, an ID and some other properties. A central can then use this information to decide whether it wants to connect to the peripheral. A central can connect to several peripherals. A smartphone can therefore connect to several e-health devices. A peripheral, on the other hand, can only ever be connected to a single central, so an e-health device, for example, cannot be connected to several smartphones at the same time. Incidentally, this is also one of the reasons why you cannot control two computers with your Bluetooth keyboard at the same time

References
https://entwickler.de/leseproben/bluetooth-low-energy-iot-579788917.html

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Definition

Arduino is a platform that is intended to enable everyone to put their own technical ideas into practice. Extensive IT knowledge is usually not necessary for this.

What does an Arduino consist of?

Arduino consists of a circuit board with a microcontroller, also a kind of mini PC.

And on the other hand, software that allows you to write programs for mini-PCs

What can an Arduino do?

o   The required software from Arduino is open source and therefore runs under Windows, Mac, Linux, and Co. To develop the programs, you need knowledge of the C ++ language.

o   The small boards offer numerous possibilities. The mini PC can be expanded and used with special sensors, LED lamps and motors.

o   The Arduinos can be used to do a lot of technical gimmicks, but especially the handling of the hardware is not that easy.

References
https://praxistipps.chip.de/was-ist-arduino-einfach-erklaert_42035

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The HEX file contains the compiled program in binary form and
is used when it is to be transferred to the microcontroller.

What are its properties?

Used by the programming software to transfer the code to the controller

Hex is an abbreviation for hexadecimal

In order to easily
identify the transmission errors, a checksum is added to each line

Only the printable (ASCII) characters 0-9, A-F,: and spaces appear in the file and could therefore be opened and edited with any text editor

Application
BinHex
Bascom-Programmer

References
https://rn-wissen.de/wiki/index.php/HEX-Datei

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Definition

The Raspberry Pi is a minicomputer on a card-only board that manages in a different way. It was developed for learning and demonstration purposes but has also been used for the realization of private or professional applications.

Models of Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi 4, Modell B

Raspberry Pi 3, Modell B+

Raspberry Pi 3, Modell B

Raspberry Pi 2, Modell B

References

https://www.bigdata-insider.de/was-ist-raspberry-pi-a-670954/

https://www.datenreise.de/raspberry-pi-unterschiede-zwischen-den-modellen/

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